Blood Test Review

6,000-9,000

A normal WBC count is about _______ cells per liter

thrombus

a blood clot attached to the wall of a vessel is?

myeloid stem cell --> proerythroblast --> reticulucyte --> RBC

list the stages in RBC maturation

120 days

the average life span of a red blood cell is about how long?

factor x

the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways join at the common pathway through the activation of which clotting substance produced by the liver?

1- transports dissolved gasses, nutrients, hormones, & metabolic wastes 2-regulates pH & ion makeup of interstitial fluids 3-restricts fluid loss at injury sites 4-defends against toxins & pathogens 5-stabilize body temperature

what are the five major functions of blood?

4.5 to 5 million

what is the average amount of RBCs in a drop of human blood?

reticulocytes

after 24 hours in circulation, the _________ complete their maturation and become indistinguishable from other mature RBCs

embolus

drifting blood clots, air bubbles, or fat globules are?

plasmin

during fibrinolysis, which enzyme begins digesting the fibrin strands, breaking down the clot?

venipuncture

fresh whole blood is usually collected through a procedure called?

cell fragmentation involved in prevention of blood loss

function of platelets?

absence of antigens on the membrane of RBC

how is a person's blood type determined?

bone marrow

in adults, the stem cells responsible for the production of red and white blood cells originate primarily in what part of the body?

lymphocytes & monocytes

list the two types of agranulocytes

50%

playing a critical role in RBC formation, a woman's iron reserve is __________ percent of a typical man's iron reserve

hemocytoblasts

red blood cells result from the divisions of ________, which are multipotent stem cells

-A & B antigens -NO A or B antibodies

type AB blood contains what antigens? antibodies?

-when a nucleus sheds, becomes reticulocyte -reticulocytes then enter the bloodstream to mature in red blood cells

describe the physical changes to RBCs from reticulocyte to RBC

1- fibrin network traps platelets and RBCs 2-platelets contract, pulling tissue close together in clot reduction 3-during repair of tissue, clot dissolves through fibrinolysis 4-plasminogen is activated by thrombin & tissue plasminogen activator 5-plasminogen produces plasmin which digests clot

list the 5 steps involved in the process of hemostasis and clot removal

transports oxygen & carbon dioxide

the function of hemoglobin is to...

hemophilia

the inherited condition resulting from the inadequate production of clotting factors is?

proenzyme

the intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by what chemical signal?

neutrophils

the most abundant type of WBC in a normal blood sample is the...

protect the body against infectious disease and foreign invaders

the primary function of WBC is to...

restricts fluid loss at injury site

the process of blood clotting is an example of which function of blood?

whole blood

the term __________ refers to the combination of plasma and the formed elements together

hypoxia

what is the term for low levels of oxygen in the body tissue that will signal an increase in RBC?

release histamines

what is unique about basophils compared to other WBC?

jaundice

which condition results from abnormally high levels of bilirubin in the plasma of blood?

anemia

______ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of RBC is reduced

red blood cells

________ are the most abundant cell population of the formed elements of blood

sickle cell anemia

a disease that is characterized by defective hemoglobin that results from a mutation affecting the amino acid sequence of one pair of the globular proteins of the hemoglobin molecule resulting in still, markedly curved RBC

job is to release oxygen and bind carbon dioxide

as blood flows through peripheral tissues, what occurs regarding the hemoglobin molecules of RBCs?

vitamin k

calcium ions and _____ have an effect on nearly every aspect of the clotting process

hematocrit

the percentage of whole blood volume occupied by cellular elements is termed __________

proenzymes

what do platelets react with in the blood to aid scab formation?

used to count blood cells

what is hemocytometer used for?

90% - 92%

what percentage of plasma is water?

hemoglobinuria

when large numbers of RBCs break down in the circulation, the urine can turn reddish or brown in a condition called....