Blood Test Review
6,000-9,000
A normal WBC count is about _______ cells per liter
thrombus
a blood clot attached to the wall of a vessel is?
myeloid stem cell --> proerythroblast --> reticulucyte --> RBC
list the stages in RBC maturation
120 days
the average life span of a red blood cell is about how long?
factor x
the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways join at the common pathway through the activation of which clotting substance produced by the liver?
1- transports dissolved gasses, nutrients, hormones, & metabolic wastes 2-regulates pH & ion makeup of interstitial fluids 3-restricts fluid loss at injury sites 4-defends against toxins & pathogens 5-stabilize body temperature
what are the five major functions of blood?
4.5 to 5 million
what is the average amount of RBCs in a drop of human blood?
reticulocytes
after 24 hours in circulation, the _________ complete their maturation and become indistinguishable from other mature RBCs
embolus
drifting blood clots, air bubbles, or fat globules are?
plasmin
during fibrinolysis, which enzyme begins digesting the fibrin strands, breaking down the clot?
venipuncture
fresh whole blood is usually collected through a procedure called?
cell fragmentation involved in prevention of blood loss
function of platelets?
absence of antigens on the membrane of RBC
how is a person's blood type determined?
bone marrow
in adults, the stem cells responsible for the production of red and white blood cells originate primarily in what part of the body?
lymphocytes & monocytes
list the two types of agranulocytes
50%
playing a critical role in RBC formation, a woman's iron reserve is __________ percent of a typical man's iron reserve
hemocytoblasts
red blood cells result from the divisions of ________, which are multipotent stem cells
-A & B antigens -NO A or B antibodies
type AB blood contains what antigens? antibodies?
-when a nucleus sheds, becomes reticulocyte -reticulocytes then enter the bloodstream to mature in red blood cells
describe the physical changes to RBCs from reticulocyte to RBC
1- fibrin network traps platelets and RBCs 2-platelets contract, pulling tissue close together in clot reduction 3-during repair of tissue, clot dissolves through fibrinolysis 4-plasminogen is activated by thrombin & tissue plasminogen activator 5-plasminogen produces plasmin which digests clot
list the 5 steps involved in the process of hemostasis and clot removal
transports oxygen & carbon dioxide
the function of hemoglobin is to...
hemophilia
the inherited condition resulting from the inadequate production of clotting factors is?
proenzyme
the intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by what chemical signal?
neutrophils
the most abundant type of WBC in a normal blood sample is the...
protect the body against infectious disease and foreign invaders
the primary function of WBC is to...
restricts fluid loss at injury site
the process of blood clotting is an example of which function of blood?
whole blood
the term __________ refers to the combination of plasma and the formed elements together
hypoxia
what is the term for low levels of oxygen in the body tissue that will signal an increase in RBC?
release histamines
what is unique about basophils compared to other WBC?
jaundice
which condition results from abnormally high levels of bilirubin in the plasma of blood?
anemia
______ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of RBC is reduced
red blood cells
________ are the most abundant cell population of the formed elements of blood
sickle cell anemia
a disease that is characterized by defective hemoglobin that results from a mutation affecting the amino acid sequence of one pair of the globular proteins of the hemoglobin molecule resulting in still, markedly curved RBC
job is to release oxygen and bind carbon dioxide
as blood flows through peripheral tissues, what occurs regarding the hemoglobin molecules of RBCs?
vitamin k
calcium ions and _____ have an effect on nearly every aspect of the clotting process
hematocrit
the percentage of whole blood volume occupied by cellular elements is termed __________
proenzymes
what do platelets react with in the blood to aid scab formation?
used to count blood cells
what is hemocytometer used for?
90% - 92%
what percentage of plasma is water?
hemoglobinuria
when large numbers of RBCs break down in the circulation, the urine can turn reddish or brown in a condition called....
