BOC: Chem
Chem: All of the following are considered aminoglycoside antibiotics, EXCEPT?
Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Vancomycin is Kanamycin isn't Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic Glycopeptide antibiotics are cell wall inhibitors that block transpeptidation aminoglycosides inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 30s subunit of RNA - ear and kidneys
Unconjugated bilirubin is conjugated in the liver with which of the following substances to become water-soluble?
Glucuronic acid
Which of the following additives should be used for the collection of a sample for blood gas analysis?
Heparin additive of choice for arterial, capillary, or venous blood gas collection
All of the following anticoagulants will produce a significant effect on calcium levels in plasma, EXCEPT?
Heparin heparin prevents coagulation - stops the coagulation cascade EDTA, Oxalates, and Citrates prevent coagulation by removing calcium from the blood
Chem: Which of the following is a biomarker in acute coronary syndrome?
High sensitivity-C-reactive protein (hsCRP) A cardiovascular risk factor: smoking, obesity, diabetes and hypertension
Which of the following is the EARLIEST biochemical marker of myocardial infarction?
Myoglobin elevated levels when muscle tissue is damaged lacks specificity respond very rapidly after MI rises within 1-3 hours normal levels within 24 hours Troponin and CK-MB - rise 3 hours after a MI, elevated 2 weeks vs 36hrs, more specific and elevated vs not
Chem: When collecting a specimen for vitamin A, which of the following special precautions needs to be taken?
Protect the specimen from light vitamin A and vitamin B6, are photosensitive analyte will breakdown in the presence of bright light Ammonia and blood gases are analytes that need to be chilled. Cold agglutinins and cryoglobulins are analytes that need to be kept at body temperature.
Which of the following contributes to specific gravity but does NOT contribute to osmolality?
Protein Glucose, BUN, and Na are included in equation
Which analyte may be falsely decreased due to a delay in transport time to the laboratory?
glucose Potassium, magnesium, LD: increase in centrifugation delay
Chem: uncompensated metabolic alkalosis?
pH will be elevated without an elevation of pCO2 compensated - CO2 increased to counteract the alkalosis
Chem: Which of the following is TRUE of a fully compensated metabolic acidosis?
pH will be normal with a decrease in pCO2 (-) bicarbonate patient compensates by hyperventing = (-) pCO2
Chem: Troponin I is used frequently to assess acute myocardial infarctions (AMI). If a patient has experienced an AMI, at what point (approximately) will the troponin I begin to increase and how long will it stay increased?
3-12 hours, 7-14 days
Chem: Which of the following tumor markers is associated with the liver?
AFP, or Alpha-fetoprotein = Liver liver cancer / germ cell tumor PSA: prostate specific antigen, prostate cancer CEA: Carcinoembryonic Antigen, colon cancer beta hCG: Human chorionic gonadotropin, testicles CA-125: Ovarian tumors
What is the term used to describe cardiac tissue death due to lack of oxygen caused by obstruction of circulation?
AMI - cardiac tissue death (necrosis) due to lack of oxygen caused by obstruction of circulation. CHF - a clinical syndrome caused by heart disease, represented by abnormal sodium and water retention and breathlessness, usually resulting in edema. Angina - chest pain caused by an inadequate supply of oxygen to heart myocardium. Myocardial ischemia - an inadequate blood supply that decreases the availability of oxygen.
Whole blood glucose values are ____________ plasma glucose values.
About 11% lower serum or plasma specimens, the tube must be spun within 1 hour of collection
Chem: Which of the following medications is known to cause Reye's Syndrome in children?
Acetylsalicylic acid also known as aspirin fatty liver deposits, increased ammonia levels, and swelling in the brain
Which of the following blood tests is used in the determination of prostate cancer?
Acid phosphatase ALP - liver function Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) - hepatic disease Creatinine - kidney function
Chem: Ion-selective electrodes, for pH determinations, are called selective rather than specific because they actually measure the:
Activity of one ion much more than other ions present
What percentage of dietary iron is normally absorbed daily?
5% to 15% iron needs to be in the ferrous state (Fe2+) bound to protein
Chem: 24-hour urine protein. Total volume for 24 hours = 2,400 mL. Urine protein = 2.7 mg/dL
64.8 mg/24 hrs (Urine protein x vol 24 hrs) / 100 (2.7 X 2400) /100 mL
Which type of lipoprotein is the least dense?
Chylomicrons VLDL, LDL, last HDL
Which of the following blood tests is used to evaluate kidney function?
Creatinine ALP is the test used to evaluate liver function Amylase test helps to determine acute pancreatitis Uric acid is a test used to diagnose gout
Which of the following analytes would be increased due to delay in centrifugation?
Creatinine 2hr falsely increased: potassium, ALT, AST, creatinine, etc. falsely decreased: glucose, ionized calcium, bicarbonate, folate, etc
Chem: Using the formula for creatinine clearance, calculate the clearance based on the values given below: Urine creatinine: 100 mg/dLPlasma creatinine: 1.9 mg/dLUrine volume: 1375 mL/24hrsSurface Area: 1.2 m2 Round to 1 decimal place.
72 mL/min/m2 CC: Urine/plasma x (vol/24hrs / 1440) (100/1.9) x (1375/1440)
Chem: A patient's electrolyte results are the following: Sodium = 145 mmol/L Chloride = 113 mmol/L Bicarbonate = 24 mmol/L Calculate the anion gap for this patient and choose the correct answer below.
8 mmol/L Anion Gap = Na - (Cl + HCO3) 145 - (113-24)
Chem: What is the glomerular filtration rate for a patient with a serum creatinine of 2 mg/dL, if the urine creatinine was 124 mg/dL and the urine volume was 2.2 L/24 hrs?
95 mL/min 124 x (2200/24 x 1/60) / 2 Creatinine Clearance = (urine creatinine X (mL/24 x 1/60)) / plasma creatinine
The De Ritis ratio is the calculation of AST/ALT and is used for evaluating liver disease. What should the ratio be when ethanol-related liver disease is expected?
>2.0 healthy individuals, the normal ratio of AST/ALT is <1.0 1.0-2.0 may indicate cirrhosis
Chem: Which of the following drug examples would be a good candidate for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)?
A drug that has a narrow therapeutic window Needs to be monitored
Chem: A patient has the following serum results: Na = 130 mEq/LK = 4.9 mEq/LCl = 107 mEq/LGlucose = 300 mg/dLBUN = 18 mg/dLCreatinine = 1.1 mg/dL Which osmolality result is consistent with these results?.
281 mosmol/kg Osmolality = Na(2) + (BUN/2.8) + (Glu/18) Osmolality = 130 (2) + (18/2.8) + (300/18)
A routine laboratory workup is ordered for an outpatient. The patient's lipid results are as follows: Total cholesterol = 295 mg/dL HDL = 30 mg/dL Triglycerides = 200 mg/dL What is the LDL cholesterol level for this patient?
225mg/dL 295 - (30 + 200/5) total cholesterol - (HDL + triglycerides / 5)
How many grams of CaCl2 are needed to prepare 500 mL of a 0.5M solution of CaCl2? g = (mol wt) (M) (volume in L)
27.5g 111 x 0.5M x 0.5L
Chem: What additional fraction would be seen if plasma rather than serum was subjected to electrophoresis:
Fibrinogen only found in plasma would form a band between the beta and gamma globulins Serum: albumin, alpha, beta, and gamma globulins
Currently the MOST common method for the confirmation of serum barbiturates is:
Gas-liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry Immunoassay: screening Gas-liquid chromatography: confirmatory
Chem: A 46-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital through the emergency room after having a bout of severe diarrhea for 3 days along with headaches, muscle aches, shortness of breath, and an increased heart rate. Blood gas measurements were ordered by her concerned physician. The results showed the following: pH = 7.30 pCO2 = 32 mm Hg HCO3- = 15 mmol/L pO2 = 93 mmol/L What acid-base disorder is most consistent with this patient's results and symptoms?
Metabolic acidosis pH is low so acidosis low pCO2 must be the compensatory response primary change involves HCO3 so metabolic
Chem: The following results were obtained on arterial blood: pH = 7.51 pCO2= 49 mm Hg HCO3- = 38.7 mmol/Lp O2= 85 mm Hg These results are compatible with:
Metabolic alkalosis alkaline (greater than 7.45) HCO3- is increased - metabolic
Chem: Tumor markers are especially valuable when used to:
Monitor response to cancer therapy most valuable for evaluating progression of the disease and for monitoring response to cancer treatment
Chem: This serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) scan most likely represents. tall narrow peak in the beta region. decreased normal immunoglobulins in the gamma region
Multiple myeloma
Chem: Which analyte should be increased in the presence of gout?
(+) serum uric acid - gout. (+) serum amylase - pancreatitis. (+) serum aldolase - muscular dystrophy. (+) serum troponin - acute myocardial infarction.
What is the formula for calculating transferrin saturation (TS)?
(Serum iron/TIBC) X 100
What is the normality (N) of a 500 mL solution that contains 8 g of H2SO4 (gmw=98 g/mol, valence=2)?
0.326 Eq/L = 0.326 N MW: 98g Valence: 2 equivalent wt: MW / valence: 49g g of substance x 1000 / ml of solution x Eq wt 8g x 1000ml / 500ml x 49g
After experiencing extreme jaundice, abdominal pain, and vomiting from extensive hepatocellular damage, a patient's hepatic function panel is analyzed in the laboratory. The result of the ALT is too high for the instrument to read. Since the instrument does not perform automatic dilutions for ALT, the laboratorian performs a dilution using 100 microliters of patient sample to 400 microliters of diluent. The result now reads 369 U/L. How should the laboratorian report this patient's ALT result?
1,845 U/L 1:5 dilution 369 U/L 369 x 5 = 1,845
Chem: The Emergency Department has collected blood test tubes for potassium, albumin, plasma hemoglobin, and acid phosphatase. Which of these test results will NOT be negatively affected if the blood tube is sent by the hospital's pneumatic tube system?
Albumin CLSI recommends that potassium, plasma hemoglobin, acid phosphatase, and LD not be transported to the laboratory via pneumatic tube system.
Chem: Which of the following statements about diagnosing gestational diabetes is true?
All non-diabetic pregnant women should be screened at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation. 50 g OGTT plasma glucose = 140 mg/mL (7.7 mmlo/L) at an hour after the glucose ingestion definitive testing is needed using 100 g, 3-hour OGTT.
Chem: All of the following laboratory tests are used to determine kidney function, EXCEPT?
Amylase acute pancreatitis red or gold top Renal Function Panel consists of Glucose, BUN, Creatinine, Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, CO2, Calcium, Albumin, Phosphorus.
Chem: What is the term used to describe chest pain caused by inadequate supply of oxygen to heart myocardium?
Angina - chest pain caused by an inadequate supply of oxygen to heart myocardium. CHF - a clinical syndrome caused by heart disease, represented by abnormal sodium and water retention and breathlessness, usually resulting in edema. AMI - cardiac tissue death (necrosis) due to lack of oxygen caused by obstruction of circulation. Myocardial ischemia - an inadequate blood supply that decreases the availability of oxygen.
Which risk marker has both positive and negative cardiovascular risk integrated into its measurement?
Apo B-100/Apo A-1 ratio has a positive risk marker (Apo B-100) and a negative risk marker (Apo A-1) Apo A1 - found in HDL Apo B100 - found in LDL
Chem: Which cardiac biomarker is a regulator of myocyte contraction?
cTnT Troponin is a complex of three proteins, TnT, TnI, and TnC help regulate striated muscle contraction
Chem: Given the following data, what is the most likely disease state? Total bili = 4.0 (0.5-1.5) Direct bili = 3.0 (0.2-0.5) AST = 75 (2-25) ALT = 118 (2-23) LD = 220 (< 140) ALP = 841 (28-68) GGT =150 (21-40 U)
Biliary duct obstruction increase in ALP and GGT conjugated bilirubin is also increased
Fecal urobilinogen level may be markedly decreased because of:
Biliary obstruction clay-colored stools decreased fecal urobilinogen level bilirubin is converted to urobilinogen (excreted in the feces)
Chem: All cells can synthesize heme; what two organs are the main sites of hemoglobin synthesis for the body?
Bone marrow and liver
Which two of the following biomarkers are not specific to cardiac muscle and may be elevated in patients with injury to muscle other than cardiac muscle?
CK-MB and myoglobin present in skeletal muscle Severe injury to skeletal muscle, Strenuous exercise, Extremely difficult breathing (increased use of chest muscles), Kidneys failure, Chronic muscle disease, Alcohol abuse TnI and TnT are better for assessing myocardial damage
Chem: All of the following statements concerning CK-MB (CK-2) are true EXCEPT:
CK-MB levels are normal in cardiac ischemia. Greater than 5% or 10 IU/L followed by an LDH-1: LDH-2 flip is specific evidence of myocardial infarction (MD). CK-MB levels can be normal with an elevated total CK. CK-MB and troponin levels can be elevated after an AMI.
Chem: Which substance is used in the Jendrassik-Grof method to accelerate the reaction of unconjugated bilirubin with the diazo reagent?
Caffeine-benzoate split the unconjugated bilirubin protein complex releasing the bilirubin
The measurement of sodium and chloride in the sweat is the most useful test for the diagnosis of what condition/disease?
Cystic fibrosis steatorrhea (failure to digest or absorb fats) is the quantitative fecal fat analysis secretin/CCK (cholecystokinin) test is the direct determination of the exocrine secretory capacity of the pancreas Pancreatic cell tumors, which overproduce gastrin, are called gastrinomas; they cause Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
What changes in potassium and sodium serum results may occur with diuretic use?
Decrease in both. Drugs can affect various analytes renal loss. Sometimes diuretics are used to dilute the specimen to try to cheat on drug testing
Chem: When evaluating a patient for a suspected Wilson's Disease diagnosis, decreased concentrations of ceruloplasmin would be expected along with:
Decreased serum copper Increased urine copper Ceruloplasmin is the main copper transporting protein in the blood Wilson disease, an inherited disorder associated with decreased levels of ceruloplasmin and excess storage of copper in the liver, brain, and other organs
In which of the following condition(s) would an increased serum osmolality be an expected finding?
Dehydration and Diabetes insipidus dehydration - decreased volume of body water diabetes insipidus - insensitivity to vasopressin, increased volume of dilute urine, a decrease in body water hyponatremia and AVP is abnormally increased - decreased osmolality
Chem: What is the role of albuminuria testing?
Detect small urinary concentrations of albumin before there is irreparable renal damage An early indicator to diabetic kidney disease is the detection of albumin in urine
Chem: Which of the following therapeutic drugs increases the force of myocardial muscle contraction?
Digoxin inhibits both cellular Na+ efflux and K+ influx in myocardial cells enhance movement of calcium in the cell increasing calcium ion availability improving cardiac contractility bronchodilators treat asthma, heat failure, heart rhythms peak drawn 8-10 hours after an oral dose Primidone: barbiturate, control seizures. Phenobarbital: barbiturate, prevent seizures Cyclosporine: immunosuppressive, suppress graft rejection Disopyramide, Quinidine, and Procainamide: antiarrhythmic agent Imipramine, Doxepin, and Amitriptyline: antidepressant (TCAs) Clozapine: antipsychotic
Maltose, lactose, and sucrose are all:
Disaccharides
Which one of the following statements about lipoproteins is FALSE:
Elevated LDL causes a decreased risk of atherosclerosis LDL: bad, to cells (+) LDL (+) atherosclerosis (-) LDL (-) atherosclerosis HDL: good, away from cells (+) HDL (-) atherosclerosis (+) total cholesterol (+) atherosclerosis
Chem: Which values would be expected with metabolic alkalosis?
Elevated pH, increased bicarbonate, normal PCO2 pH (acidosis = < 7.35 or alkalosis = > 7.45), bicarbonate (HCO3-1), and PCO2 (partial pressure of carbon dioxide). bicarbonate changes, it would be considered metabolic carbon dioxide changes, it would be considered respiratory pH and HCO3 are same pH and PCO2 are opposite
Chem: The properties of enzymes are CORRECTLY described by which of the following statements?
Enzymes are protein catalysts of biological origin. altered by heat denaturation affected by pH changes affect the rate of a chemical reaction by decreasing the activation energy needed
Chem: Which of the following is a cause of metabolic alkalosis?
Excessive vomiting
What role does lipase play in the body?
Hydrolyzes fat esters to produce alcohol and fatty acids (ALT/AST) transfer amino acid groups multiple enzymes catalyze the catabolic pathways of glucose to pyruvate (such as hexokinase)
Chem: Which of the following tests confirms the presence of Bence-Jones proteinuria
Immunoelectrophoresis help detect, diagnose, and monitor conditions associated with abnormal proteins (such as Bence-Jones) Multiple Myeloma Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
Chem: When a patient is suspected of intoxication, what would you expect the osmol gap to be?
Increased The osmol gap (the difference in measured versus calculated osmolality) includes ethanol, isopropanol, methanol, and ethylene glycol (unmeasured) gap between the measured and calculated will be larger
High levels of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) are associated with:
Increased cardiovascular risk >200µg/L removing oxidized phospholipids; generates inflammatory products in the process
Chem: The results which would be MOST consistent with macroamylasemia are?
Increased serum amylase and normal to low urine amylase values combine with immunoglobulins to form large molecules which cannot be filtered across the glomerulus can look similar to acute pancreatitis low in people with macroamylasemia, but high in patients with pancreatitis.
Chem: What is the function of LD in the body?
Interconversion of lactate and pyruvate reversible Glucose needs to be broken down into pyruvate first before it can be made into lactate
Chem: The migration rate of proteins on cellulose acetate is primarily the result of:
Ionic charge on the proteins Major serum proteins carry a negative charge proteins move towards the anode (positive electrode) separates serum proteins into 5 fractions: albumin, a1-globulins, a2-globulins, ß-globulins, and gamma-globulins.
Albuterol is a fast-acting bronchodilator used acutely during asthma attacks. All of the reasons below explain why therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for albuterol is not available or common, EXCEPT?
It has a narrow therapeutic window short half-life (around 5 hours) used during asthma attacks safe wide window
Which one of the following is a TRUE statement concerning alkaline phosphatase?
It is increased in obstructive jaundice pH of 9.0-10.0 increased in bone disorders
Which one of the following statements about acetaminophen metabolism is false?
It is metabolized in the kidney It is largely metabolized in the liver to glucuronide and sulfonate conjugates A small amount is metabolized via cytochrome oxidase to a reactive benzoquinoneimine intermediate The benzoquinoneimine intermediate becomes toxic to the liver once tissue glutathione becomes depleted
Chem: In a normal CSF the protein concentration as compared to that in the plasma is generally:
Less than 1% -Normal ratio of plasma to CSF protein is about 200 -Elevation of CSF total protein: brain / meninges problem / traumatic tap
Which of the following drugs is used primarily for the treatment of manic-depression?
Lithium effect on neurotransmitter glutamate mood stabilization
Chem: An important metallic activator of alkaline phosphatase and creatine kinase is:
Magnesium Zinc is an inhibitor of CK activity iron and potassium do not affect CK or ALP
Chem: When testing for ethanol, what is actually measured in the enzymatic reaction, that is proportional to ethanol concentration?
NADH Acetaldehyde is the breakdown product of ethanol but is not used for measurements acetone is not a breakdown product of ethanol nor used for ethanol measurement NAD is the cofactor used in ethanol determinations but the reduced form of NADH is used for measurement.
property MOST responsible for the migration of proteins in an electrical field is
Net surface charge Primary molecular weight, endosmotic flow, and voltage can play a role
Chem: Which three genetic variations in enzymes are most often linked to differences in drug metabolism?
PYC2D6, PYC2C9 & PYC3A4
Chem: Which of the following is considered a cause of hypomagnesemia (decreased levels of magnesium in the blood)?
Pancreatitis -reduced intake, decreased absorption, and increased excretion -Pancreatitis will cause decreased absorption of magnesium Hypermagnesemia -decreased excretion -increased intake Hypothyroidism, hypoaldosteronism, and bone carcinoma -causes of hypermagnesemia
Chem: When in the Fisher Projection, which carbon is used to determine if the molecule is in D or L formation?
Penultimate carbon second to last carbon (penultimate) is used for determining if the molecule is D or L. If the hydroxide group is on the right, it is D. If the hydroxide group is on the left of the penultimate is the L formation.
Chem: The biuret reaction for the analysis of serum protein depends on the number of:
Peptide bonds Cu2+ complex of the biuret reaction does not bind to amino groups, carboxyl groups, or whole protein molecules
Chem: It is important to specify if a blood specimen is a capillary specimen rather than a venous specimen. How will the following laboratory results be affected if a capillary specimen is tested?
Potassium, calcium, and total protein are lower in capillary specimens, where glucose is typically higher than in venous blood. capillary blood more closely resembles arterial
Chem: Cholesterol is used by the body for which of the following functions?
Precursor of hormone synthesis Chylomicrons carry dietary triglycerides to the cells. Bicarbonate helps to maintain acid-base balance.
Fluorometers are designed so that the path of the excitation light is at a right angle to the path of the emitted light. What is the purpose of this design?
Prevent incident light from striking the detector
Chem: A young man is experiencing difficulty breathing after fainting. The physician orders an arterial blood gas analysis which shows the following results: pH = 7.25 pCO2 = 62 mmHg pO2 = 70 mmHg HCO3- = 23 mmol/L Which condition is most likely afflicting this patient?
Respiratory acidosis (pCO2) level is increased (HCO3-) (N) pH, which is acidic
Select the primary reagent components used in the Jaffe reaction for creatinine.
Saturated picric acid and sodium hydroxide bright red-orange color.
Chem: Why are small dense LDL molecules more atherogenic?
Small dense LDL molecules have greater mobility in the endothelium and arterial wall. good marker for coronary heart disease (CHD) molecules to more easily invade the endothelium and arterial wall of vessels, making them more proatherogenic
All of the following analytes would be significantly increased in a plasma sample due to hemolysis, EXCEPT?
Sodium Most abundant in ECF determines the osmolality of the plasma Hypernatremia - excess water loss or decreased water intake
Chem: What test can be used as a confirmatory test for proteinuria?
Sulfosalicylic acid test Acetest is used to detect ketones Benedict's and Fehling's reagents for detecting reducing agents in urine and other body fluids
Chem: When considering therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), what is the definition of bioavailability?
The fraction of the administered dose eventually reaches its site of action. relative proportion between the circulation and the tissues defines the drug's distribution. Pharmacogenomic: The variations in drug metabolism Biotransformation: The metabolic generation of a therapeutically active metabolite is an enzymatic
Chem: If a disease or disorder causes serum binding proteins (such as albumin) to decrease, what may occur if the dose of a highly protein-bound drug with a narrow therapeutic window is not adjusted?
The patient may experience toxic effects (high free drug fraction).
The following BEST describes serum hCG levels during pregnancy:
The rapid rise in levels during the first trimester; slow decline and possible level-off throughout the remainder of the pregnancy
Which of the following conditions should be suspected if a healthy patient presents with an elevated potassium level while all other chemistry results are normal?
The sample is hemolyzed. concentration of potassium within red blood cells is markedly higher than the concentration outside of red blood cells Turbid samples may be due to excess protein clotted sample will not alter the results Lipemia has minimal effect on potassium levels
Serum TSH levels five times the upper limit of normal in the presence of a low T4 and low T3 uptake could mean which of the following?
The thyroid has been established as the cause of hypothyroidism Primary: thyroid Secondary: pituitary Tertiary: end organ / hypothalamus
In healthy individuals, calcitonin is synthesized by which cells in the body?
Thyroid C cells Calcitonin is released as a response to increased serum calcium inhibits bones from releasing further calcium reducing serum calcium concentration
Chem: An obese adult with premature arteriosclerosis. no chylomicrons are present, LDL levels are normal, and VLDL levels are increased. increase in triglycerides and a slight increase in cholesterol. heavy pre-beta band
Type IV hypertriglyceridemia Type I - deficiencies of lipoprotein lipase Type II - most common form and is classified into type IIa and type IIb, elevation in the triglyceride level in addition to LDL cholesterol. Type III - high chylomicrons and IDL. Type V is similar to type I, but with high VLDL in addition to chylomicrons.
Chem: All of the following variables related to the collection of blood may falsely increase the potassium level EXCEPT?
Using a 21 G needle with a 10 mL collection tube. False increase -hemolysis: rupture of RBCs; higher gauge needles, large evacuated collection tubes, and over-aggressive mixing or rough handling -potassium-EDTA anticoagulant - purple top
Which one of the following statements concerning Vitamin D is correct?
Vitamin D acts as a hormone in calcium regulation. induces absorption of calcium in the small bowel cells Vitamin B6 - Pyridoxal phosphate
