Bridges, Truss Terminology, PLTW POE Lesson 4.1 Statistics, pltw poe material and trusses and material testing and properties of materials

¡Supera tus tareas y exámenes ahora con Quizwiz!

Tension Force

A body subjected to a pull.

Static Equilibrium

A condition where there are no net external forces acting upon a particle or rigid body and the body remains at rest or continues at a constant velocity.

Moment of Inertia

A mathematical property of a cross section that is concerned with a surface area and how that area is distributed about a centroidal axis.

Statistical Process Control

A method of monitoring, controlling, and ideally improving a process through statistical analysis. Its four basic steps include measuring the process, eliminating variances in the process to make it consistent, monitoring the process, and improving the process to its best target value.

Scalar

A physical quantity that has magnitude only.

Vector Quality

A quantity that has both a magnitude and direction.

Sample Space

A set of all possible outcomes or events in an experiment that cannot be further broken down.

Statically Indeterminate

A structure or body which is over-constrained such that there are more unknown supports than there are equations of static equilibrium.

Event

A subset of a sample space.

Roller Support

A support that only prevents a beam from translating in one direction.

Pinned Support

A support that prevents translation in any direction.

Simple Truss

A truss composed of triangles, which will retain its shape even when removed from supports.

Planar Truss

A truss that lies in a single plane often used to support roofs and bridges.

Deviation

Amount of difference between a value and the mean.

Experiment

An activity with observable results.

Mean

Arithmetic average.

Normal Distribution

Bell-shaped probability distribution.

Pie Chart

Categorical data graph %.

Bar Chart

Categorical data graph.

Accuracy

Degree of conformity of a measure to a standard value.

Newton's First Law

Every body or particle continues at a state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line, unless it is compelled to change that state by forces acting upon it.

Frequency Polygons

Frequency distribution graph.

Histogram

Frequency distribution graph.

Frequency Distribution

Listing of data values along with their corresponding frequencies.

Data Variation

Measure of data scatter.

Mean Deviation

Measure of variation equal to the sum of the deviations of each value from the mean.

Median

Middle value of a set of values arranged in order of magnitude.

Data

Numbers or information describing some characteristic.

Structure

Something made up of interdependent parts in a definite pattern of organization, such as trusses, frames, or machines.

Probability

The calculated likelihood that a given event will occur.

Newton's Second Law

The change of motion of the body is proportional to the net force imposed on the body and is in the direction of the net force.

Statistics

The collection, evaluation, and interpretation of data.

Variance

The difference between samples.

Tolerance

The difference between the maximum and minimum dimensions allowed within the design of a product.

Bayes' Theorem

The probability of an event occurring based upon other event probabilities.

Reliability

The probability of satisfactory operation of the product in a given environment over a specified time interval.

Outcome

The result of an experiment.

Resultant Force

The resultant of a system of force is the vector sum of all forces.

Sense

The sense of a vector is the direction of the vector relative to its path and indicated by the location of the arrow.

Standard Deviation

The square root of the variance.

Quality Assurance

The use of quality control techniques associated with a process.

Mode

The value that occurs most frequently.

Process Control

To monitor and control a process so that the quality of the output/product improves.

Qualitative Data

Values that possess names or labels.

Quantitative Data

Values that represent a measurable quantity.

floor beam

a cross piece running under the deck.

Axial Stress

a force in a direction parallel to the long axis of the structure

Resilience

a mechanical property of how effective the material is at absorbing mechanical energy

Toughness

a mechanical property of how effective the material is at handling overloading before it fractures

stringer

a member supporting the deck that runs the length of the bridge span

member

a particular piece of a truss, providing support through its compression or tension.

force

a push or a pull; a vector quantity.

deck

a surface that rests between the two side trusses.

3 things that effect new and changing materials

advancements in materials, technology, and science

joint

another name for a connection; the point at which two structural pieces come together.

Deformation

any alteration of shape or dimensions of a body caused by stress

Variance

average of the squared difference from the mean

Strain

change in the length of an object in some direction per unit

Statistics

collection and analysis of numerical data in large quantities

Failure Point

condition caused by collapse, break, or bending, so that a structure can no longer fulfill its purpose

Elements

consist of only one type of particle or atom; cannot be broken down

span

distance from pier to pier

True or False: An element has similar properties as you move across a row in the periodic table

false

True or False: An elements properties are different when you have very little (<10,000 atoms) and a lot (greater 1.0x10^40 atoms) in one part

false

tension

force of pulling or stretching

compression

force of pushing

Stress-Strain Curve

graphical representation of a material's mechanical properties

Shear Stress

how easily a material can be twisted

Elastic Limit

maximum stress that a material will withstand without permanent deformation

Standard Division

measurement of variability

beam bridge

most common type of bridge/ least complicated

Quality Control

operational techniques necessary to satisfy all requirements; process monitoring

road bed

platform cars go across

Proportional Limit

point at which the deformation is no longer directly proportional to the applied force

Rupture Strength

stress developed in a material at rupture

Materials

substances out of which all things are made

Ultimate Stress

tensile strength; the maximum load a material in rectangular or cylindrical form can carry

Destructive Testing

test methods used to examine an object or system causing permanent damage to its usefulness

Non-Destructive Testing

test methods used to examine an object or system does not cause permanent damage to its usefulness

Problem Solving

the ability to get answers to questions through a conscious, organized process

Tension

the condition of a string, wire, or rod that is stretched between two points

Stress

the force acting across a unit area in a solid material resisting external forces

Elongation

the fractional increase in a material's length due to stress or tension

bottom chord

the line of members spanning the bottom-most section of the truss.

top chord

the line of members spanning the top-most section of the truss.

Fatigue

the loss of the load-bearing ability of a material under repeated load application

method of joints

the mathematical procedure for determining the forces acting on every member of a truss, given a certain load.

Reliability

the probability that a component part or system will perform its intended function under given circumstances for a specific period of time

Factor of Safety

the ratio of actual strength to required strength

Modulus of Elasticity

the ratio of stress to strain; E

Hooke's Law

the stress of a solid is directly proportional to the strain applied to it

Breaking Stress

the stress required to fracture a material

dead load

the weight of the bridge itself

live load

the weight of the traffic on the bridge

cables

thick rope or wire

suspension bridge

towers and deck suspended by cables

truss

triangular shape with framework

bridge

used to span the distance over a variety of obstacles and relies upon the forces of compression/ tension

Compression

when a material is reduced in volume by the application of pressure


Conjuntos de estudio relacionados

psych 456 death & loss midterm - all quizzes

View Set

Chapter 9: Nursing Management: Patients With Upper Respiratory Tract Disorders - ML5

View Set

MARTIN CHAPTER 31 - CONGENITAL ANOMALIES

View Set

Information Management Two: Issues and Challenges (1 hr)

View Set

A&P I Chapter 5 Organ Systems REVIEW QUESTIONS

View Set

ACNT 1303 - Chapter 4 - Practice Test

View Set

International Strategic Management Midterm

View Set

Anatomy Ch. 17 - The Pituitary Gland

View Set

Microeconomics Final (Units 5-7)

View Set

Ch.3 Life Policy Riders, Provisions, Options and Exclusions

View Set