Britain: The Civil War

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Archbishop Laud

head of Church of England's hierarchy, supported by Charles I, sought to enforce religious conformity (caused fear in Puritan Parliament)

Roundheads

parliamentary forces, eventually led by Oliver Cromwell

Diggers

radical group that occupied and cultivated common lands

Levellers

radical political democrats; advocated subordination of parliament to a universal, equally represented body of (at first, male) voters

Anglican

Belonging to the Church of England

the Rump

50 people left in Parliament after Pride's Purge, loyal to Cromwell and Puritanism, sentenced Charles I to death for treason

Puritan

Extreme Calvinists in Britain

Solemn League and Covenant

During the Civil War, as price of support from Scottish army, Parliament adopted this, making Presbyterianism the official religion of England, Scotland, and Ireland

Instrument of Government

England's only written constitution that was devised by Cromwell; eventually placed England under military control

Independents

Group who wanted a state church that allowed toleration (except for Catholics)

Fifth Monarchy Men

New group that arose during Cromwell's reign that believed that history was divided into kingdoms and that soon they would leave the 4th kingdom of Caesar and enter into the final, 5th, of Jesus.

Long Parliament

Parliament that Charles I first called in order to raise funds to put down Scottish rebellion; after proving hostile was disbanded, but same men returned in new elections; used Scottish rebellion to abolish bishops and prerogative courts, fought against Charles I in the Civil War

Presbyterian

Scottish Calvinist

Quakers

Society of Friends, insisted all believers could have new revelations of spiritual truth by rejecting various hierarchies and allowing women to preach

prerogative courts

Star Chamber (Henry VII) and High Commission (Elizabeth I), meant to enforce religious conformity, disliked by members of Parliament, who feared the common law of England was in danger

James VI of Scotland

became James I of England, took throne after death of Elizabeth I because he was Protestant (and son of Mary Stuart), philosopher of royal absolutism and divine right of kings, called the "wisest fool in Christendom", threatened to "harry the Puritans out of the land", distrusted by Parliament, in constant need of money, father of Charles I

The True Law of Free Monarchy

book written by James I of England (James VI of Scotland) on the topic of royal absolutism and divine right of kings, which he fully supported

Pride's Purge

the specific selection or rejection of members of the long Parliament down to only those most likely to support extreme Puritan views


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