Britain: The Civil War
Archbishop Laud
head of Church of England's hierarchy, supported by Charles I, sought to enforce religious conformity (caused fear in Puritan Parliament)
Roundheads
parliamentary forces, eventually led by Oliver Cromwell
Diggers
radical group that occupied and cultivated common lands
Levellers
radical political democrats; advocated subordination of parliament to a universal, equally represented body of (at first, male) voters
Anglican
Belonging to the Church of England
the Rump
50 people left in Parliament after Pride's Purge, loyal to Cromwell and Puritanism, sentenced Charles I to death for treason
Puritan
Extreme Calvinists in Britain
Solemn League and Covenant
During the Civil War, as price of support from Scottish army, Parliament adopted this, making Presbyterianism the official religion of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Instrument of Government
England's only written constitution that was devised by Cromwell; eventually placed England under military control
Independents
Group who wanted a state church that allowed toleration (except for Catholics)
Fifth Monarchy Men
New group that arose during Cromwell's reign that believed that history was divided into kingdoms and that soon they would leave the 4th kingdom of Caesar and enter into the final, 5th, of Jesus.
Long Parliament
Parliament that Charles I first called in order to raise funds to put down Scottish rebellion; after proving hostile was disbanded, but same men returned in new elections; used Scottish rebellion to abolish bishops and prerogative courts, fought against Charles I in the Civil War
Presbyterian
Scottish Calvinist
Quakers
Society of Friends, insisted all believers could have new revelations of spiritual truth by rejecting various hierarchies and allowing women to preach
prerogative courts
Star Chamber (Henry VII) and High Commission (Elizabeth I), meant to enforce religious conformity, disliked by members of Parliament, who feared the common law of England was in danger
James VI of Scotland
became James I of England, took throne after death of Elizabeth I because he was Protestant (and son of Mary Stuart), philosopher of royal absolutism and divine right of kings, called the "wisest fool in Christendom", threatened to "harry the Puritans out of the land", distrusted by Parliament, in constant need of money, father of Charles I
The True Law of Free Monarchy
book written by James I of England (James VI of Scotland) on the topic of royal absolutism and divine right of kings, which he fully supported
Pride's Purge
the specific selection or rejection of members of the long Parliament down to only those most likely to support extreme Puritan views
