BTM 200: Ch. 5

3D bar code

"bumpy" code that differentiates by symbol height. Can be used on metal, hard rubber, other tough surfaces

2D bar code

(different-sized rectangles) can hold 1,000 to 2,000 ASCII characters

1D bar code

(regular vertical stripes) holds up to 16 ASCII characters

What is the best dot pitch?

.25 dp or better

Types of keyboards

104-108 keys desktop standard, 80-85 keys for laptops, wired, wireless use either IR or RF technlogy

What size RAM do laser printers usually have?

16 megabytes (expandable generally up to 512 megabytes for higher-cost printers

Bar code types

1D, 2D, 3D

Touch screens

A video display screen sensitized to receive input from a finger touch. Used in ATMs, information, kiosks, reservation kiosks, voting machines, cellphones, tablets, and e-books.

Frame-grabber video card

Can capture and digitize 1 frame at a time

Full-motion video card

Can convert analog to digital signals at rates up to 30 frames per second. Looks like a motion picture

What are the pros and cons of multifunction printers?

Cost less and take up less space than buying the four separate office machines. But if one component malfunctions, so will the other functions.

What may be harmful to health regarding technology

Electromagnetic fields

What are examples of biometrics?

Example: notebook computers equipped with biometric sensors that read fingerprints, instead of passwords, before allowing access to networks. Airport and building security systems use biometrics.

Other health symptoms from using technological devices

Eyestrain, headaches, back and neck pains can be problems

Graphic cards have their own _____________________, which stores __________________.

Graphics cards have their own memory (VRAM), which stores each pixel's information.

Dumb terminals

Has display screen and keyboard. Can do input and output only, no data processing

Intelligent terminals

Has screen, processor, keyboard, and memory. Can perform some independent functions. Automated teller machine; point-of-sale terminal; mobile data terminal

Sensors

Input device that collects specific data directly from the environment and transmits it to a computer.

How to make workplace safer and workers more efficient

Keyboards must be placed at the correct height depending on each worker's size; detachable keyboards are useful. Monitor refresh rates must be fast enough to avoid eyestrain. Monitor heights must be correct for comfortable viewing; use a tilting screen. Wrist rests may help avoid carpal tunnel syndrome.

One type of flat-panel display

Liquid crystal display (LCD

Pointing stick

Located between the keys on a laptop keyboard, a pointing stick is a pressure-sensitive device that allows the user to control the pointer by directing the stick with one finger.

Thermal printers

Low- to medium-resolution printers that use a type of coated paper that darkens when heat is applied to it; typically used in business for bar-code label applications and for printing cash register receipts

Put unit 1 AND unit 3.notes on Quizlet

OK

DO QUIZ FOR UNIT 1 EVEN THOUGH IT SAYS EVERYTHING COMPLETED FOR THAT UNIT... YOU DIDNT DO THE QUIZ SO DO IT ASAP

Ok

Bar-code readers

Photoelectric (optical) scanners that translate bar code symbols into digital code. The digital code is then sent to a computer. The computer looks up the item and displays its name and associated information

A laser printer comes with one or both types of PDL. What are they?

PostScript or PCL (Printer Control Language. In desktop publishing, PostScript is the preferred PDL

Thermal wax-transfer printers

Print a wax-based ink onto paper. After it becomes cool, the wax adheres permanently to the paper. Because of their waterfastness, these labels find uses in industrial label printing.

Multifunction printers

Printers that combine several capabilities: Printing, Scanning, Copying, and Faxing

Dumb terminals AKA

Video Display Terminal (VDT

Webcams

Video cameras attached to a computer to record live moving images then post them to a website in real time.

What is needed for video files and why?

Video files are large, so a lot of storage is needed, too

Video output requires...

Requires powerful processor and video card

Types of audio-input devices

Sound board, MIDI board, and speech-recognition systems

Scanning & reading devices

Source data-entry devices that create machine-readable data and feed it directly into the computer (no keyboard is used

Photo printers

Specialized machines for printing continuoustone photo prints , with special paper and color dyes.

Plotters

Specialized output device designed to produce large high-quality, 3-D graphics in a variety of colors

Multiple screens

Splitting the monitor display area into multiple screens, to view different documents at once.

Aspect ratio of standard displays and wide-screen displays

Standard displays have a 4:3 aspect ratio (4 units wide to 3 units high); wide-screen displays have 16:9 or 16:10.

MIDI board

Stands for Musical Instrument Digital Exchange. Uses a standard for the interchange between musical instruments, synthesizers, and computers

Digital cameras

Use a light-sensitive processor chip to capture photographic images in digital form and store them on a small disk in the camera or on flash memory cards.

Speech-recognition systems

Use a microphone or telephone as an input device. Converts a person's speech into digital signals by comparing against 200,000 or so stored patterns

Pen input

Uses a pen-like stylus for input. Uses handwriting recognition to translate cursive writing into data (handwriting recognition).

Digitizer

Uses an electronic pen or puck to convert drawings and photos to digital data. Digitizing tablets are often used in architecture

Desktop publishers, graphics artists, and gamers need lots of _____________.

VRAM

The more ______________, the higher the resolution you can use.

VRAM

Digital pen

Writing instrument. Writers can write on paper. A tiny camera in the pen tip captures the writing. A microchip in the pen converts the pen to digital ink. The writing is sent as an image file to the computer. Some versions require special paper

For good sound output, you need...

You need a sound card and sound software.

How keyboards work

You press a key. This interrupts the current flowing through the circuits. Processor determines where the break occurs. It compares the location of the break with the (x,y) character map for the language on the keyboard's ROM chip. A character is stored in keyboard memory. The character is then sent to PC as a data stream via wire or wireless connection. OS interprets its own operating-system-specific commands and sends the others to the application for interpretation

Mechanical mouse

a ball inside the mouse touches the desktop surface and rolls with the mouse.

What is a laser printer similar to?

a dot-matrix printer

Plotters used by...

architects, engineers, and map-makers

Large-format plotters

are large-scale inkjet printers used by graphic artists

Color depth AKA

bit depth

Color depth: The higher the number of ________________ the more true the colors

bits

How are digital cameras connected to a PC?

by USB

Keyboards

convert letters, numbers, and characters into electrical signals

Voice output

converts digital data into speechlike sounds.

Laser printer

creates images with dots. However, as in a photocopying machine, these images are produced on a drum, treated with an electrically charged inklike toner (powder), and then transferred from drum to paper

Softcopy

data shown on a display screen or is in audio or voice form; it exists only electronically. This kind of output is not tangible; it cannot be touched. You can touch disks on which programs are stored, but the software itself is intangible.

Overuse injuries and repetitive stress injuries may affect...

data-entry operators who average 15,000 keystrokes an hour. May affect computer users whose monitor, keyboard, and workstation are not arranged for comfort

Types of image-capture devices

digital cameras and webcams

Cathode-ray tube (CRT) and others

falling out of use (are very old monitors like in the 2000s

The most common type of display

flat-panel displays

Types of display devices

flat-panel displays, liquid crystal display (LCD), plasma displays, cathode-ray tube, multiple screens

Webcams include what two cards?

frame-grabber video card and full-motion video card

What can improve sound output?

good speakers

Microcomputers come with ________________ (_____________________________) that work with the __________________.

graphics cards (video cards), screen

Passive RFID tags

have no battery power of their own and must be read by some sort of scanner.

Active RFID tags

have their own power source and can transmit signals over a distance to a reader device.

Main types of scanners

image and flatbed scanners

Resolution

image sharpness

Where are speech-recognition devices used?

in places where people need their hands free - warehouses, car radios, stock exchange trades.

IR

infrared technology

What do inkjet printers do like laser and dot-matrix printers?

inkjet printers form images with little dots. Inkjet printers commonly have a dpi of 4,800 x 1,200; they spray ink onto the page a line at a time, in both high-quality black-and-white text and high-quality color graphics

Three major types of input hardware

keyboards, pointing devices, and source data-entry devices

Plotters designed for...

large-format printing

Examples of nonimpact printers

laser printers, inkjet printers, thermal printers, thermal wax-transfer printers, and photo printers

Electrostatic plotters

lie partially flat on a table and use toner as photocopiers do.

What do scanners use?

light-sensing equipment to translate images of text, drawings, and photos into digital form

Flat-panel displays

made up of two plates of glass separated by a layer of a substance in which light is manipulated.

MICR

magnetic-ink character recognition; uses special magnetized inks. Must be read by a special scanner that reads this ink. Used on bank checks.

When you need to print out graphics-heavy color documents, your printer will need more what?

memory

Liquid crystal display (LCD

molecules of liquid crystal line up in a way that alters their optical properties, creating images on the screen by transmitting or blocking light.

What are the types of pointing devices and which one is the principal one?

mouse (principal pointing device), trackball, touchpad, pointing stick, touch screens, multitouch screens, pen input, light pen, digitizer, digital pen

Overuse injuries and repetitive stress injuries result when...

muscle groups are forced through fast, repetitive motions

What are the pros and cons of plasma display?

offer brighter colors and screen sizes up to 150 inches wide; however, they usually do not last as long as other display types

Make a Quizlet based on unit 1 notes

ok

Resolution: the more ___________, the better the resolution.

pixels

Carpal tunnel syndrome caused by...

pressure on the median nerve in the wrist, through short repetitive movements.

Impact printers

print by striking the paper directly

What do printers do?

print text and graphics on paper or other hardcopy materials.

Sound output

produces digitized sounds, even "3-D" sound.

RF

radio frequency technology

Types of source-data entry devices

scanners, bar-code readers, radio-frequency identification (RFID), mark recognition devices such as MICR, OMR, and OCR

Other types of scanners other than image scanners and flatbed scanners

sheet-fed, handheld, and drum

What are the two ways to digitize audio (often via microphone)?

sound board and MIDI board

Mixed output

sound output, voice output, and video output

Sensors can be used to detect what?

speed, movement, weight, pressure, temperature, humidity, wind, current, fog, gas, smoke, light, shapes, images, earthquakes, etc

Inkjet printers

spray onto paper small, electrically charged droplets of ink from four or more nozzles through holes in a matrix at high speed.

Hardcopy

tangible output, usually printed. The principal examples are printouts, whether text or graphics, from printers. Film, including microfilm and microfiche, is also considered hardcopy output.

Page Description Language (PDL)

tells the printer how to lay out the printed page and supports various fonts

Dot pitch (dp)

the amount of space between adjacent pixels (square picture elements) on screen.

What does resolution refer to?

the image sharpness, measured in dots per inch (dpi

Ergonomics

the methodology of designing a workplace to make working conditions and equipment safer and more efficient.

Color depth (bit depth

the number of bits stored in a dot (pixel

Refresh rate

the number of times per second the pixels are recharged - a higher rate gives less flicker.

Aspect ratio

the proportional relationship of a display screen's width and height.

Biometrics

the science of measuring individual body characteristics, then using them to identify a person through a fingerprint, hand, eye, voice, or facial characteristics.

Active display area

the size of a computer screen measured diagonally from corner to corner in inches.

Pen plotters

use one or more colored pens.

Active and passive RFID tags common characteristic

used for a wide range of purposes and are starting to replace bar codes in many situations.

Optical mouse

uses laser beams and special chips to encode data for the computer

24-bit color depth is better than 8-bit color depth, but it needs more __________________________.

video card memory

Form of video output

videoconferencing

Plasma displays

A layer of gas is sandwiched between two glass plates, and when voltage is applied, the gas releases ultraviolet light, which activates the pixels on the screen and forms an image.

Light pen

A light-sensitive penlike device that uses a wired connection to a computer terminal. Bring the pen to the desired point on the display screen and press a button to identify the screen location. Used by graphics artists, engineers, and in situations that require covered hands

Trackball

A movable ball mounted on top of a stationary device. Good for locations where a mouse can't move around enough

Sound board

An add-on board in a computer that converts analog sound to digital sound, stores it, and plays it back to speakers or amp

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

Based on an identifying tag bearing a microchip that contains specific code numbers. These code numbers are read by the radio waves of a scanner linked to a database.

A wired keyboard connects to ______________ via a _____________ or _________________.

CPU, serial, USB port

What is the future of inputs?

Data will be input from more and more locations. Use of source data entry will increase. Better input devices for people with disabilities. Better speech recognition. Better touch and gesture-recognition input. Pattern recognition and improved biometrics. Brainwave input devices

Active display area for desktops, laptops, tablets, and smartphones

Desktop computers are commonly 15-30 inches (laptops 12-18 inches, tablets 8.4-14.1 inches, and smartphones 2.5-4.1 inches

Input hardware

Devices that translate data into a form the computer can process. Translates words, numbers, sounds, and pictures into binary 0s and 1s (off or on electrical signals or light pulses

Output hardware

Devices that translate information processed by the computer into a form humans can understand. Translates binary code into words, numbers, sounds, and pictures

Multitouch screens

Display screens that allow two or more fingers or other gestures such as pinching motions to be recognized as input at any one time. It allows pinching and stretching gestures on the screen to control zooming.

The future of output

More unusual forms of output. More data used in (Big Data). More realistic output. Better and cheaper display screens. Printers that use less ink. Movie-quality video for PCs. Increased use of 3D output

Audio-input devices

Record analog sound and translate it into digital files for storage and processing

Touchpad

To use: slide your finger over this small flat surface on the laptop. Click by tapping you finger on the surface. May require more practice to use than a mouse. Used on laptops

How are webcams attached to computers/devices ?

can be attached externally or built into the computer/device

Dot pitch: the ____________ the pixels, the crisper the image.

closer

Nonimpact printers

do not have direct contact with the hardcopy medium.

Screen clarity (components

dot pitch (dp), resolution, color depth, refresh rate

Impact printers AKA

dotmatrix printer

Resolution is expressed in ____________________

dots per inch (dpi)

How is printer resolution measured? What is the most common for microcomputers?

dpi (dots per inch); 1,200 x 1,200 is the most common for microcomputers.

Types of terminals

dumb terminals, intelligent terminals

Printers are either what two things?

either impact or nonimpact

Image scanners are used in ____________________________.

electronic imaging

OCR

optical character recognition; converts scanned texts from images (pictures of the text) to an editable text format

OMR

optical mark recognition. uses a special scanner that reads bubble (pencil) marks. Used in standardized tests such as the SAT and GRE

What software do laser printers run?

page description language (PDL)

Speech-recognition devices are helpful for whom>

people with visual or physical disabilities that prevent them from using other input devices

What is voice output used in?

phone trees, cars, toys and games, GPS systems, and TTS (text-to-speech) systems for hearing-impaired people.

Flatbed scanners work like _________________.

photocopiers

Video output

photographic images played quickly enough to appear as full-motion.

Keyboards are either tactile (______________) or touch screen (______________)

physical, virtual

What do laser printers have their own of?

their own CPU, ROM, and memory (RAM