BTM 200: Ch. 5
3D bar code
"bumpy" code that differentiates by symbol height. Can be used on metal, hard rubber, other tough surfaces
2D bar code
(different-sized rectangles) can hold 1,000 to 2,000 ASCII characters
1D bar code
(regular vertical stripes) holds up to 16 ASCII characters
What is the best dot pitch?
.25 dp or better
Types of keyboards
104-108 keys desktop standard, 80-85 keys for laptops, wired, wireless use either IR or RF technlogy
What size RAM do laser printers usually have?
16 megabytes (expandable generally up to 512 megabytes for higher-cost printers
Bar code types
1D, 2D, 3D
Touch screens
A video display screen sensitized to receive input from a finger touch. Used in ATMs, information, kiosks, reservation kiosks, voting machines, cellphones, tablets, and e-books.
Frame-grabber video card
Can capture and digitize 1 frame at a time
Full-motion video card
Can convert analog to digital signals at rates up to 30 frames per second. Looks like a motion picture
What are the pros and cons of multifunction printers?
Cost less and take up less space than buying the four separate office machines. But if one component malfunctions, so will the other functions.
What may be harmful to health regarding technology
Electromagnetic fields
What are examples of biometrics?
Example: notebook computers equipped with biometric sensors that read fingerprints, instead of passwords, before allowing access to networks. Airport and building security systems use biometrics.
Other health symptoms from using technological devices
Eyestrain, headaches, back and neck pains can be problems
Graphic cards have their own _____________________, which stores __________________.
Graphics cards have their own memory (VRAM), which stores each pixel's information.
Dumb terminals
Has display screen and keyboard. Can do input and output only, no data processing
Intelligent terminals
Has screen, processor, keyboard, and memory. Can perform some independent functions. Automated teller machine; point-of-sale terminal; mobile data terminal
Sensors
Input device that collects specific data directly from the environment and transmits it to a computer.
How to make workplace safer and workers more efficient
Keyboards must be placed at the correct height depending on each worker's size; detachable keyboards are useful. Monitor refresh rates must be fast enough to avoid eyestrain. Monitor heights must be correct for comfortable viewing; use a tilting screen. Wrist rests may help avoid carpal tunnel syndrome.
One type of flat-panel display
Liquid crystal display (LCD
Pointing stick
Located between the keys on a laptop keyboard, a pointing stick is a pressure-sensitive device that allows the user to control the pointer by directing the stick with one finger.
Thermal printers
Low- to medium-resolution printers that use a type of coated paper that darkens when heat is applied to it; typically used in business for bar-code label applications and for printing cash register receipts
Put unit 1 AND unit 3.notes on Quizlet
OK
DO QUIZ FOR UNIT 1 EVEN THOUGH IT SAYS EVERYTHING COMPLETED FOR THAT UNIT... YOU DIDNT DO THE QUIZ SO DO IT ASAP
Ok
Bar-code readers
Photoelectric (optical) scanners that translate bar code symbols into digital code. The digital code is then sent to a computer. The computer looks up the item and displays its name and associated information
A laser printer comes with one or both types of PDL. What are they?
PostScript or PCL (Printer Control Language. In desktop publishing, PostScript is the preferred PDL
Thermal wax-transfer printers
Print a wax-based ink onto paper. After it becomes cool, the wax adheres permanently to the paper. Because of their waterfastness, these labels find uses in industrial label printing.
Multifunction printers
Printers that combine several capabilities: Printing, Scanning, Copying, and Faxing
Dumb terminals AKA
Video Display Terminal (VDT
Webcams
Video cameras attached to a computer to record live moving images then post them to a website in real time.
What is needed for video files and why?
Video files are large, so a lot of storage is needed, too
Video output requires...
Requires powerful processor and video card
Types of audio-input devices
Sound board, MIDI board, and speech-recognition systems
Scanning & reading devices
Source data-entry devices that create machine-readable data and feed it directly into the computer (no keyboard is used
Photo printers
Specialized machines for printing continuoustone photo prints , with special paper and color dyes.
Plotters
Specialized output device designed to produce large high-quality, 3-D graphics in a variety of colors
Multiple screens
Splitting the monitor display area into multiple screens, to view different documents at once.
Aspect ratio of standard displays and wide-screen displays
Standard displays have a 4:3 aspect ratio (4 units wide to 3 units high); wide-screen displays have 16:9 or 16:10.
MIDI board
Stands for Musical Instrument Digital Exchange. Uses a standard for the interchange between musical instruments, synthesizers, and computers
Digital cameras
Use a light-sensitive processor chip to capture photographic images in digital form and store them on a small disk in the camera or on flash memory cards.
Speech-recognition systems
Use a microphone or telephone as an input device. Converts a person's speech into digital signals by comparing against 200,000 or so stored patterns
Pen input
Uses a pen-like stylus for input. Uses handwriting recognition to translate cursive writing into data (handwriting recognition).
Digitizer
Uses an electronic pen or puck to convert drawings and photos to digital data. Digitizing tablets are often used in architecture
Desktop publishers, graphics artists, and gamers need lots of _____________.
VRAM
The more ______________, the higher the resolution you can use.
VRAM
Digital pen
Writing instrument. Writers can write on paper. A tiny camera in the pen tip captures the writing. A microchip in the pen converts the pen to digital ink. The writing is sent as an image file to the computer. Some versions require special paper
For good sound output, you need...
You need a sound card and sound software.
How keyboards work
You press a key. This interrupts the current flowing through the circuits. Processor determines where the break occurs. It compares the location of the break with the (x,y) character map for the language on the keyboard's ROM chip. A character is stored in keyboard memory. The character is then sent to PC as a data stream via wire or wireless connection. OS interprets its own operating-system-specific commands and sends the others to the application for interpretation
Mechanical mouse
a ball inside the mouse touches the desktop surface and rolls with the mouse.
What is a laser printer similar to?
a dot-matrix printer
Plotters used by...
architects, engineers, and map-makers
Large-format plotters
are large-scale inkjet printers used by graphic artists
Color depth AKA
bit depth
Color depth: The higher the number of ________________ the more true the colors
bits
How are digital cameras connected to a PC?
by USB
Keyboards
convert letters, numbers, and characters into electrical signals
Voice output
converts digital data into speechlike sounds.
Laser printer
creates images with dots. However, as in a photocopying machine, these images are produced on a drum, treated with an electrically charged inklike toner (powder), and then transferred from drum to paper
Softcopy
data shown on a display screen or is in audio or voice form; it exists only electronically. This kind of output is not tangible; it cannot be touched. You can touch disks on which programs are stored, but the software itself is intangible.
Overuse injuries and repetitive stress injuries may affect...
data-entry operators who average 15,000 keystrokes an hour. May affect computer users whose monitor, keyboard, and workstation are not arranged for comfort
Types of image-capture devices
digital cameras and webcams
Cathode-ray tube (CRT) and others
falling out of use (are very old monitors like in the 2000s
The most common type of display
flat-panel displays
Types of display devices
flat-panel displays, liquid crystal display (LCD), plasma displays, cathode-ray tube, multiple screens
Webcams include what two cards?
frame-grabber video card and full-motion video card
What can improve sound output?
good speakers
Microcomputers come with ________________ (_____________________________) that work with the __________________.
graphics cards (video cards), screen
Passive RFID tags
have no battery power of their own and must be read by some sort of scanner.
Active RFID tags
have their own power source and can transmit signals over a distance to a reader device.
Main types of scanners
image and flatbed scanners
Resolution
image sharpness
Where are speech-recognition devices used?
in places where people need their hands free - warehouses, car radios, stock exchange trades.
IR
infrared technology
What do inkjet printers do like laser and dot-matrix printers?
inkjet printers form images with little dots. Inkjet printers commonly have a dpi of 4,800 x 1,200; they spray ink onto the page a line at a time, in both high-quality black-and-white text and high-quality color graphics
Three major types of input hardware
keyboards, pointing devices, and source data-entry devices
Plotters designed for...
large-format printing
Examples of nonimpact printers
laser printers, inkjet printers, thermal printers, thermal wax-transfer printers, and photo printers
Electrostatic plotters
lie partially flat on a table and use toner as photocopiers do.
What do scanners use?
light-sensing equipment to translate images of text, drawings, and photos into digital form
Flat-panel displays
made up of two plates of glass separated by a layer of a substance in which light is manipulated.
MICR
magnetic-ink character recognition; uses special magnetized inks. Must be read by a special scanner that reads this ink. Used on bank checks.
When you need to print out graphics-heavy color documents, your printer will need more what?
memory
Liquid crystal display (LCD
molecules of liquid crystal line up in a way that alters their optical properties, creating images on the screen by transmitting or blocking light.
What are the types of pointing devices and which one is the principal one?
mouse (principal pointing device), trackball, touchpad, pointing stick, touch screens, multitouch screens, pen input, light pen, digitizer, digital pen
Overuse injuries and repetitive stress injuries result when...
muscle groups are forced through fast, repetitive motions
What are the pros and cons of plasma display?
offer brighter colors and screen sizes up to 150 inches wide; however, they usually do not last as long as other display types
Make a Quizlet based on unit 1 notes
ok
Resolution: the more ___________, the better the resolution.
pixels
Carpal tunnel syndrome caused by...
pressure on the median nerve in the wrist, through short repetitive movements.
Impact printers
print by striking the paper directly
What do printers do?
print text and graphics on paper or other hardcopy materials.
Sound output
produces digitized sounds, even "3-D" sound.
RF
radio frequency technology
Types of source-data entry devices
scanners, bar-code readers, radio-frequency identification (RFID), mark recognition devices such as MICR, OMR, and OCR
Other types of scanners other than image scanners and flatbed scanners
sheet-fed, handheld, and drum
What are the two ways to digitize audio (often via microphone)?
sound board and MIDI board
Mixed output
sound output, voice output, and video output
Sensors can be used to detect what?
speed, movement, weight, pressure, temperature, humidity, wind, current, fog, gas, smoke, light, shapes, images, earthquakes, etc
Inkjet printers
spray onto paper small, electrically charged droplets of ink from four or more nozzles through holes in a matrix at high speed.
Hardcopy
tangible output, usually printed. The principal examples are printouts, whether text or graphics, from printers. Film, including microfilm and microfiche, is also considered hardcopy output.
Page Description Language (PDL)
tells the printer how to lay out the printed page and supports various fonts
Dot pitch (dp)
the amount of space between adjacent pixels (square picture elements) on screen.
What does resolution refer to?
the image sharpness, measured in dots per inch (dpi
Ergonomics
the methodology of designing a workplace to make working conditions and equipment safer and more efficient.
Color depth (bit depth
the number of bits stored in a dot (pixel
Refresh rate
the number of times per second the pixels are recharged - a higher rate gives less flicker.
Aspect ratio
the proportional relationship of a display screen's width and height.
Biometrics
the science of measuring individual body characteristics, then using them to identify a person through a fingerprint, hand, eye, voice, or facial characteristics.
Active display area
the size of a computer screen measured diagonally from corner to corner in inches.
Pen plotters
use one or more colored pens.
Active and passive RFID tags common characteristic
used for a wide range of purposes and are starting to replace bar codes in many situations.
Optical mouse
uses laser beams and special chips to encode data for the computer
24-bit color depth is better than 8-bit color depth, but it needs more __________________________.
video card memory
Form of video output
videoconferencing
Plasma displays
A layer of gas is sandwiched between two glass plates, and when voltage is applied, the gas releases ultraviolet light, which activates the pixels on the screen and forms an image.
Light pen
A light-sensitive penlike device that uses a wired connection to a computer terminal. Bring the pen to the desired point on the display screen and press a button to identify the screen location. Used by graphics artists, engineers, and in situations that require covered hands
Trackball
A movable ball mounted on top of a stationary device. Good for locations where a mouse can't move around enough
Sound board
An add-on board in a computer that converts analog sound to digital sound, stores it, and plays it back to speakers or amp
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
Based on an identifying tag bearing a microchip that contains specific code numbers. These code numbers are read by the radio waves of a scanner linked to a database.
A wired keyboard connects to ______________ via a _____________ or _________________.
CPU, serial, USB port
What is the future of inputs?
Data will be input from more and more locations. Use of source data entry will increase. Better input devices for people with disabilities. Better speech recognition. Better touch and gesture-recognition input. Pattern recognition and improved biometrics. Brainwave input devices
Active display area for desktops, laptops, tablets, and smartphones
Desktop computers are commonly 15-30 inches (laptops 12-18 inches, tablets 8.4-14.1 inches, and smartphones 2.5-4.1 inches
Input hardware
Devices that translate data into a form the computer can process. Translates words, numbers, sounds, and pictures into binary 0s and 1s (off or on electrical signals or light pulses
Output hardware
Devices that translate information processed by the computer into a form humans can understand. Translates binary code into words, numbers, sounds, and pictures
Multitouch screens
Display screens that allow two or more fingers or other gestures such as pinching motions to be recognized as input at any one time. It allows pinching and stretching gestures on the screen to control zooming.
The future of output
More unusual forms of output. More data used in (Big Data). More realistic output. Better and cheaper display screens. Printers that use less ink. Movie-quality video for PCs. Increased use of 3D output
Audio-input devices
Record analog sound and translate it into digital files for storage and processing
Touchpad
To use: slide your finger over this small flat surface on the laptop. Click by tapping you finger on the surface. May require more practice to use than a mouse. Used on laptops
How are webcams attached to computers/devices ?
can be attached externally or built into the computer/device
Dot pitch: the ____________ the pixels, the crisper the image.
closer
Nonimpact printers
do not have direct contact with the hardcopy medium.
Screen clarity (components
dot pitch (dp), resolution, color depth, refresh rate
Impact printers AKA
dotmatrix printer
Resolution is expressed in ____________________
dots per inch (dpi)
How is printer resolution measured? What is the most common for microcomputers?
dpi (dots per inch); 1,200 x 1,200 is the most common for microcomputers.
Types of terminals
dumb terminals, intelligent terminals
Printers are either what two things?
either impact or nonimpact
Image scanners are used in ____________________________.
electronic imaging
OCR
optical character recognition; converts scanned texts from images (pictures of the text) to an editable text format
OMR
optical mark recognition. uses a special scanner that reads bubble (pencil) marks. Used in standardized tests such as the SAT and GRE
What software do laser printers run?
page description language (PDL)
Speech-recognition devices are helpful for whom>
people with visual or physical disabilities that prevent them from using other input devices
What is voice output used in?
phone trees, cars, toys and games, GPS systems, and TTS (text-to-speech) systems for hearing-impaired people.
Flatbed scanners work like _________________.
photocopiers
Video output
photographic images played quickly enough to appear as full-motion.
Keyboards are either tactile (______________) or touch screen (______________)
physical, virtual
What do laser printers have their own of?
their own CPU, ROM, and memory (RAM
