BUAD 304 Midterm Practice Quiz

The components of attitudes include

Affective, cognitive, and behavioral

An example of the ________ heuristic occurs when you see news reports about people losing their jobs, and then start believing that you are in danger of being laid off. You start lying awake in bed each night worrying that you are about to be fired.

Availability heuristic (a decision maker's tendency to base decisions on information readily available in memory)

Alexa, a manager, explains to Harvey that if he is late to work one more time in the next six weeks he will be suspended without pay for a day. Alexa is exercising _______ power.

Coercion power (the ability to make threats of punishment and deliver actual punishment)

Which of the following situations is most likely to result in conflict?

Competition for limited resources

Dr. Davis, an accounting professor, is concerned that he was not engaging his students as much as he would like. He asks his boss, the department chair, and two of his colleagues to sit in on one of his classes, to give him comments and suggestions for improvement. He also passes out student evaluation forms. Dr. Davis is

Conducting a 360-degree feedback process (where individuals compare perceptions of their own performance with behaviorally specific performance information from their manager, subordinates, and peers)

Roger runs a small nonprofit group. He wants to buy a copier, because he knows it will be cheaper than going to the copy store. One of the other employees remarks that they should make do with an inexpensive copier from Walmart or Staples, but Roger wants one that will copy legal documents and collate reports. Roger may be impacted by _______ bias.

Confirmation bias (how we selectively gather information and has two components: 1. subconsciously decides something even before investigating why it is the right decision and 2. seeks information that supports or confirms the decision while discounting information that does not)

Morgan, who has been a salesperson for six months, receives a review that she feels is unfair. Her manager just completed Samuel's review yesterday. Samuel has been a top salesperson for four years. It's likely that her manager has committed a _______ perceptual error.

Contrast effects (to evaluate people or objects by comparing them with characteristics of recently observed people or objects)

People who are high on openness to experience are likely to demonstrate

Curiosity and broad-mindedness

Orna is a restaurant manager. She is helping a server who has a difficult guest. Everything is wrong—the water, the menu, the food, the service. Orna knows that this customer is always unhappy and delights in picking on the server. Orna bluntly tells the server that she needs to learn better conflict handling skills. But then, Orna goes over to the customer, who begins to argue with her. So she tells the customer to leave and not bother coming back. This best represents the _________ conflict handling style.

Dominating (a high concern for self and a low concern for other)

Otto wants to develop a program to increase employee productivity. He suggests doubling each employee's production quota and providing a 2 percent bonus for meeting these expectations. According to expectancy theory, what result can Otto expect?

Employee efforts will probably decrease (According to expectancy theory, employee motivation will boil down to deciding how much effort to exert in a specific task situation)

Harry is thinking about meeting Connie. He writes a text message to Connie, inviting her for a drink at the local bar. This is an example of

Encoding (translating thoughts into a code or language that can be understood by others)

Waco Company monitors employees' perceptions of fairness by quarterly surveys and occasional focus groups. Management is following the _____ model.

Equity (proposes that management monitor employees' perceptions of fairness and interact with them so they feel fairly treated)

You are late in the preparation of the computer graphics for your final report and presentation. You run into a friend who is great at computer graphics just as he is heading out of the office at the end of the day and say, "I need your help for my project. If you could come back for two or three hours tonight and help me with these graphics, I will complete those spreadsheets you have been complaining about." Which influence tactic are you using with your friend?

Exchange (making explicit or implied promises and trading favors)

Don believes that if he works hard and attends every class, he will get an A in his OB course. This belief is called a(n)

Expectancy (an individual's belief that a particular degree of effort will be followed by a particular level of performance)

Marion will receive a promotion and a raise if she completes a difficult assignment. This is an example of

Extrinsic motivation (results from the potential or actual receipt of extrinsic rewards, such as a promotion)

TRUE OR FALSE: The ability to monitor one's own and others' feelings, to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide one's thinking and actions is known as emotional stability.

False; this is emotional intelligence

Harry, Marsha, Eve, and Don are discussing ways to increase sales. Harry and Eve want to stick with the current sales promotion plan created four months ago. They say it needs more time to show results. Marsha and Don disagree; they feel sales have continued to decline and will not turn around. As the discussion progresses, various alternatives are proposed. Harry then suggests a modification to the current sales promotion plan that meets with everyone's approval. This is an example of the benefits of ______ conflict.

Functional conflict (constructive or cooperative conflict and is characterized by consultative interactions, a focus on the issues, mutual respect, and useful give and take)

Ted was dissatisfied with his job. He said that the company policy, supervision, and working conditions were responsible for his dissatisfaction. According to Frederick Herzberg's theory, ________ are the extrinsic factors that create job dissatisfaction.

Hygiene factors (causes a person to move from a state of no satisfaction to dissatisfaction)

OB is important in all facets of school and work because

It helps us to understand and manage people (organizational behavior includes knowing about managing yourself, as well as others, up, down, and sideways)

Conflict is considered to be dysfunctional when

It hinders organizational performance (dysfunctional conflict threatens an organization's interests)

We all use shortcuts or ________ when making decisions.

Judgmental heuristics (cognitive shortcuts or biases that are used to simplify the process of making decisions)

Dewey, a manager at the Busy Bee Restaurant, gives Alice her schedule for the next week. Alice knows she must follow that schedule. What kind of power is Dewey exercising?

Legitimate power (the base of power that most people think of as authority and is anchored to one's formal position)

Which of the following is a "hard" influence tactic?

Legitimating tactics (HARD tactics: exchange, coalition, pressure, and legitimating. SOFT tactics: rational persuasion, inspirational appeals, consultation, ingratiation, and personal appeals)

Low job satisfaction and low employee engagement can lead to

Low task performance (& also higher employee turnover)

Which of the following is one of the assumptions underlying nonrational models of decision making?

Managers do not possess complete information (non-rational models of decision making typically build on assumptions that decision making is uncertain, that decision makers do not possess complete information, and that managers struggle to make optimal decisions)

Wayne is on the production line for Medical Services Inc. He has been there for five years and has won Employee of the Month more than anyone else. Zander, his coworker, who has only been at Medical Services three years and hasn't even been nominated for Employee of the Month, just received a promotion. Wayne perceives a

Negative inequity (if the comparison person enjoys greater outcomes for similar inputs)

Amy receives a note from Carrie, asking her to pick up some materials for a project from Staples. Amy does the shopping but misses a few items because she can't decipher Carrie's writing. This is an example of

Noise (interferes with the transmission and understanding of the message)

Of the following, which is the most closely aligned with employees' perceptions of distributive justice?

Organizational commitment

In the Integrative Framework, which of the following is an outcome?

Organizational turnover (The Integrative Framework implies that person factors and situation characteristics are the initial drivers (inputs) of all outcomes that managers want to achieve)

You value achievement and your employer rewards people for accomplishing goals, so you are very committed to the company. _____ fit is the consistency between personal and company values.

Person-culture fit

Regarding the relative importance of personal and technical skills,

Personal skills become more important as job level increases (the importance of technical skills decline as you move to higher levels of responsibility)

In Maslow's needs hierarchy theory, _______ is the lowest level and __________ is the highest level.

Physiological; self-actualization

Matt completes his assignments on time. His teacher said that she would allow extra play time to children who submit their assignments on or before the due date. Which of the following made Matt complete his assignments on time?

Positive reinforcement (the process of strengthening a behavior by contingently presenting something pleasing)

Janice creates advertising slogans for the advertising firm that employs her. She works with beliefs, perceptions, and informal obligations about what she is entitled to receive in return for what she provides to the organization. A(n) ________ represents Janice's beliefs.

Psychological contract (individuals' perceptions about the terms and conditions of a reciprocal exchange between them and their organization)

Barney is late to work one morning, so he drives over the speed limit through a school zone. As a result, he gets pulled over by a police officer and receives a ticket. This scenario is an instance of

Punishment (process of weakening behavior through either the contingent presentation of something displeasing or the contingent withdrawal of something positive)

Individuals or organizations have _______ power if they can obtain compliance by promising or delivering positive reinforcement.

Reward power

ABC Company recently held a company picnic. _________ theory would suggest that this kind of event is good because it increases employees' ________

Self-determination; relatedness (this theory assumes that three innate needs influence our behavior and well-being—the needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness)

In the context of goal setting, SMART stands for

Specific, measurable, attainable, results oriented, and time bound

Gerry, one of your subordinates, seems to care so much about being liked that he rarely states strong opinions in meetings of your department. Based on this, Gerry probably has a

Strong need for affiliation (the desire to maintain social relationships, to be liked, and to join groups)

Ellen has worked on a project to market a new medication from beginning to end—advertising, packaging, etc. The design program wins an award. Ellen's _____ is high.

Task identity (the extent to which the job requires an individual to perform a whole or completely identifiable piece of work)

Papa Bill's, a local pizza chain, institutes a new compensation policy to increase the on-time delivery of its pizzas. Drivers are paid an extra $1.00 for each on-time delivery, payable at the next pay period. However, a review of the policy showed that traffic tickets for reckless driving among delivery drivers increased by 50 percent since the new policy was introduced. Which of the following best explains why this reward system did not perform as expected?

The organization was unintentionally rewarding counterproductive behavior

Research shows that sustainable businesses are led by CEOs who take a people-centered, inclusive approach.

True

TRUE OR FALSE: Negative feedback can have a positive motivational effect.

True

TRUE OR FALSE: The rational model of decision making explains how managers should make decisions. It assumes that managers are completely objective and possess all information for their decisions. In this model, decisions thus demonstrate excellent logic and promote the organization's best interests.

True

Schwartz's model suggests that

Values may conflict with each other (Schwartz model proposes that values that are in opposing directions from the center of his model conflict with each other)