Buddhism: Chapter 3
Features that distinguish Theravada
1) adherence to the Tipitaka; 2) centrality of monastic life; 3) affirmation of the verbatim words of the Four Noble Truths; 4) self reliance is the mode of operation - each is responsible for achieving liberation 5) making merit
Five Aggregates composed of bodily and physical states
1) body/rupa 2) feelings/vedana 3) perceptions/sanna 4) predispositions from past impressions 5) consciousness/vijnana
Three kinds of merit making
1) giving 2) virtue - which entails living ethically, calmly and tranquility 3) Mental development - entails cultivation of charity, loving-kindness, mental discipline of purity
Five Virtues - Abstain from
1) harming living beings 2) taking what is not given 3) misconduct concerning sense pleasure 4) False speech 5)unmindful states due to drugs or alcohol
Mahayana branch of Buddhism
1) largest form 2) many varieties 3) goal is liberation from samsara
Common features of Tibetan Buddhists
1) worship prioritizes ritual over meditation; 2) mandalas -magical diagrams; 3) uses tantrism 4)worship of Prayer wheels
What is the name of the leader of Tibetan Buddhism?
Dalai Lama
The Third Noble Truth
Dukkha nirodha - suffering can end if we stop thirsting for things.
The Second Noble Truth
Dukkha samudaya - suffering is caused when we desire and crave
The First Noble Truth
Dukkha;life is filled with all kind of suffering
Mahayana
East Asia
stupas
Eight relic mounds in which Buddhas ashes are divided
Gohonzon
Object of Worship, legacy of Nichiren
Avalokiteshvara
the embodiment of compassion; all seeing, all knowing one, 130 different depictions of him; most popular bodhisattva; Kuan-yin in China; Kannon in Japan; chief attendant to Amitabha; resides in the Pure Land
Annicca
the idea that everything is impermanent
Dharma wheel
the way to enlightenment
Pure Land Buddhism refers to
the worship of Amitabha Buddha
Mahayana Buddhists believe
they can have direct contact with Buddha
Literal meaning of Nirvana
to blow out
Bon
traditional Tibetan indigenous religion
Dharma literally means
what holds together, cosmic order, natural law
Buddhist scriptures were written in Pali, a venacular language
which meant that Buddhist truths were more accessible to all people regardless of caste.
Theravada
Branch of Buddhism found in South East Asia
Flower Sermon
Buddhas last sermon; gives lotus flower to Mahakashyapa, who is awakened
Tibetan Buddhism combines
Buddhism and Bon
tantra
complicated, esoteric meditational systems
tanha
craving; the thirst for things that is the root of suffering
What caused the split in Buddhism
disagreement over the Vinaya Pikata
Vinaya
disciplines or rules that members of the sangha lived by
Maitreya
earliest cult bodhisattva; accepted by both Theravada and Mahayana followers
arhat/arahant
enlightened one/holy one
bodhi
enlightenment
Annatta
everything lacks an abiding, enduring persistent self
Three marks of existence
annicca, annatta, maya
What is a mandalas
anthropomorphic representations
Acharya Nagarjuna
argued that there is no such thing as a self-essence of any kind; applied the idea of sunyata to everything
Punya
meritorious acts that produce happiness or good karma
Buddhism is the earliest of the three
missionary religions
bhikkhu
monk
Dukkha-dukkha
obvious physical or mental pain
Tathagata
one who has gone (how Lord Buddha referred to himself)
Bodhisattvas
other Buddhas
Viraparinama-dukkha
pain of change; loss of something valuable
Abhidharma
philosophical texts
Turning of the dharma wheel
refers to the teaching and disseminating of Buddhist insights.
Sutras
series of talks Buddha gave to his disciples
Abhidharma Pitaka is divided into
seven sections
Upaya
skillful means; a way or device to persuade individuals toward liberation
Dukkha means
suffering of all kinds
Majjhima Patipada
the Middle Path
Maya
the appearance of permanency is an illusion
The historical Buddha grew up within
the cultural and religious world of Hinduism
Mahasanghikas
"greater order of monks" (more liberal interpretations)
Eightfold path
1) Do not say anything to hurt others (Right Speech) 2) respect life, morality and property (right action) 3) work at a job that does not injure anyone (right livlihood) 4) Try to free your mind from evil thoughts (right effort) 5) be in control of your thoughts and feelings (right mindfulness) 6) practice proper concentration (right concentration); 7)try to resist evil (right thought) 8) Know the truth (right understanding)
The Four Noble Truths
1) Suffering/Dukkha; 2)Suffering's origins/Dukkha samaudaya; 3)Suffering's cessation/Dukkha nirodha 4)The path leading to cessation of suffering/Dukkha nirodha gamini patipada magga
Common themes of Mahayana
1) Sunyata -everything is void and empty 2) parinirvana (Buddha's death) was an illusion; 3) seeking enlightenment for the sake of serving others 4) Direct contact with Buddha
How many Buddhists are there world wide
375 Million
Samadhi
4) right effort, 5) right mindfulness 6) right concentration
Prajna
7) right thoughts 8) right understandings
Who is Nagarjuna
A Mahayana philosopher; articulated the doctrine of emptiness (shunyata) and is traditionally regarded as the founder of the Madhyamika ("Middle Way") school, an important tradition of Mahayana Buddhist philosophy
Shingon Buddhism
A form of Vajrayana found in Japan
The only claim Lord Buddha made for himself
I am awake
Three Refuges or Three Jewels
I take refuge in the Buddha; I take refuge in the dharma; I take refuge in the sangha
Nichiren Buddhism
Japanese sect founded by Nichiren a Tendai monk
Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara is the same as
Kuan-yin
Jataka Tales
Legends of the historical Buddha
Siddhartha is
Lord Buddha
Mahakashyapa
Lord Buddha's closest disciple; the first of the Zen patriarchs
What is the name for "Great Vehicle" within Buddhism?
Mahayana
Lotus Sutra
Mahayana text that laid out the fundamental concept of skillful means, which is a way or divice to move toward liberation
Tipitaka is made up of
Monastic code/Vinaya Pitaka, the word of Lord Buddha/Sutra Pitaka; philosophical analyses and discussions of other pitakas/Abhidharma Pitaka
Buddhism can be described as a
Shramanic movement which describes monks and nuns who were wandering ascetics working toward their liberation
Tendai Buddhism
Teaches the superiority of the Lotus Sutra over all other scriptures
Lord Buddha regarded extreme asceticism
as unnecessary for liberation and advocated the Middle Way.
According to Buddhism, what transmigrates
The Five Aggregates (skandhas); Body, Feelings, Perceptions, predispositions, and consciousness.
Majjhima Patpada
The Middle Path
Triratna
The Three Jewels
Sthaviravadins
The way of the elders (more conservative group)
What are the two branches of Buddhism
Theravada and Mahayana
The Fourth Noble Truth
There is a path to the cessation of suffering known as the Eightfold Path
What are the four mindfulnesses? Mindful contemplation of the
body; feelings, thoughts, and elements of reality
Monk Saicho
brought Tendai to Japan from China
Sangha
community or congregation
Vajrayana
Tibetan Buddhism
Pali Canon
Tripatka
Tipitaka or Tripitaka
Vinaya; Sutras; Abhidharma
What Buddhist tradition uses the saying "what is the sound of one hand clapping"
Zen Buddhism
bodhisattva
a being who has achieved enlightenment and dedicates themselves to helping others reach enlightenment; quasi saviors
Naraka
a kind of pergatory
The four sights of suffering Siddhartha saw were
a very old man, a sick person, a corpse, and an ascetic
Parinirvana
final nirvana or real transformation
Sutra Pitaka is divided into
five major collections (nikayas)
Zen Buddhism
focus on meditation as the path to enlightenment; in favor of training for direct intuition of cosmic unity; use sitting meditation -zazen; use of word puzzles -koans
Sila
good behavior that reflects ethical conduct 1)right speech 2) right action, 3) right livelihood
Avidya
ignorance of the nonself
Samkhara-dukkha
ignorance of thinking that cravings can be satisfied
satori
individual enlightenment; flash of sudden awareness
Anagarika Dharmapala
introduced the West to Buddhism at the World Parliament of Religions; name means homeless guardian of the Dharma; first missionary of Theravada Buddhism to the U.S.; also preached on three continents - Asia, North America; Europe
sadhu
it is good,
Emperor Asoka
major proponent of Buddhism