BUS 203 Final Exam

fundamental attribution error

Just as Fred is getting ready to leave for class, his mother learns about an emergency at work. She says, "Fred, I know it'll make you late for class, but I really need you to drop your brother off at high school on your way. I have to deal with this emergency and can't take him myself." Prof. Smith is irritated when Fred comes to class late. He hassles Fred afterward, saying "you're really disrespectful and need to take your schoolwork more seriously." The professor is showing signs of

socioemotional role

Kari works hard as a team member to make sure everyone feels welcome and enjoys their time together. She makes sure to show interest in teammates' personal lives, and she cracks jokes so that everyone has a good time. Kari is playing a strong

halo effect

Katrina really likes her employee, Ben, who is a friendly and charming member of her sales team. As a result, she treats him differently than other employees. If he comes in late, she shrugs it off as no big deal. If he misspells things, she tells people that he's a "big picture" thinker and doesn't always pay attention to the details. When he reads texts during meetings, she will sometimes comment on how great it is that he's so good at multitasking. Katrina seems to be displaying

multidomestic

Kellogg Company produces a wide array of snack and breakfast foods, including some you probably haven't heard of (e.g., Zucaritas, Croco Copters, and Rice Bubbles). The people reporting to the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) include the heads of Kellogg Europe, Kellogg Latin America, and Kellogg North America. Kellogg probably has a

focus initially on socioemotional activity, but then focus on the task when the deadline gets close.

Research on the punctuated equilibrium model has found that group members tend to

Team diversity

is especially beneficial when the team has to do complex problem solving

negative emotions, such as anxiety, anger, discouragement, or embarrassment.

The trait measuring emotional stability versus instability is mainly focused on the extent to which the person does or doesn't feel

Expatriate

is on a work assignment in another country

false

Data entry is a boring and routine job. It's a good idea to hire someone with a high need for achievement if you want this job done well.

The demand-control model of workplace stress

is supported by some research, but particular aspects of the situation affect how well it predicts stress reactions.

implicit person theory

Janice interviews Cleo for an accounting job, but decides not to hire him. She tells her partner: "Cleo clearly has a good GPA and everything, but he's too friendly and outgoing. I think we want someone for this job who is more introverted. Outgoing people aren't very good at paying attention to details or persisting to make sure the work is done thoroughly." Janice is showing signs of

What was the ranking of the United States in 2019?

23

a feminine culture.

A culture that values the enjoyment of life, family and friends; cares for the environment and for people in need; and values teamwork, cooperation, discussion and compromise is likely to be

true

A key feature of the Delphi technique is that people are surveyed on a topic two or more times, with group members receiving summaries of what others think before responding to the survey again.

projection

A member of a Parent-Teacher Association is asked to call other parents to see what they think of the idea of school uniforms. The first parent she talks with says "Of course they're a great idea. I don't know why you even need to do a survey. Uniforms make it easy for kids to figure out what to wear each day, and they really save us from having to spend all that money so our kids have stylish clothes." The second parent says, "Who would want their kids to all look the same? We all want our kids to be creative and express themselves, not to become little conformists. It seems silly that you have to bother to do a survey!" Both of these surveyed parents are showing signs of

need for personal power

A person who's high in Machiavellianism is probably high in

True

According to expectancy theory, the concept labeled as "expectancy" captures the person's belief in his/her ABILITY to do the job well, whereas the concept of "instrumentality" captures his/her belief that there are INCENTIVES for doing the job well.

False

According to federal guidelines for Affirmative Action Programs, companies should consider lowering their standards for hiring and promotion to ensure better representation of women and minorities.

be trusting, kind, warm, nice, and cooperative

Agreeableness reflects the extent to which a person tends to

esteem and self-actualization needs

Alderfer's "growth need" category comes closest to Maslow's:

50%

Approximately what percent of personality is genetically determined?

true

Brain-writing contains elements of the nominal group technique

false

Brainstorming tends to produce better results than the nominal group technique.

Russia

Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa are jointly called the "BRICS" countries; they are regarded as representing the fastest growing emerging markets. Which of these has the WORST ranking in terms of corruption (in 2019)?

expectancies

Choosing highly capable employees, giving advice to employees, and finding resources to make sure your employees can do their jobs well are all ways to make sure your employees have high

has an internal locus of control

Clyde is a clear "go-getter." When he was in college, he started his own car detailing business, washing and cleaning out people's cars while they were at work. After college, he took a job as a pharmaceutical sales representative, convincing doctors to use his company's pharmaceutical drugs. That led to his interest in medicine, and he eventually went to medical school. He's now a renowned cardiologist. He always believed in himself— and in the idea that if he just worked hard, he could make good things happen in his life. Of the following, Clyde most clearly

Dianne

Dianne and Carl both work as administrative assistants in fast-paced, high stress workplaces. Dianne works at a very busy medical practice where she must follow the detailed instructions her boss provides for completing insurance forms, maintaining medical records, and scheduling patients. Carl handles all of the administrative duties at a busy law practice. As the only administrative assistant there, he makes the decisions regarding how to handle records, fit clients into schedules, and set up billing. The lawyers even ask him to do some legal research at times. If the demand-control model is correct, which one should be experiencing more negative effects from his or her demanding job?

chronic stress

Gary's wife was laid off six months ago, and they're using up their savings at a fast rate. Their teenage son has been arrested twice on drug charges over the last three years, and Gary and his wife have found empty gin bottles and drug paraphernalia in their son's room on multiple occasions. The son gets angry about the parents' snooping, and has even punched holes in the walls. Gary's parents are elderly and starting to have serious health issues. It's probably the case that Gary is suffering from:

is high in self-monitoring.

Greg fits in well in many different situations. On his internship, he's serious and hard-working. At poker games with his fraternity brothers, he cracks jokes and is the life of the party. When he's with his girlfriend, he's thoughtful and romantic. He's polite and respectful with his very "traditional"grandparents. He even starts speaking with a southern drawl when he hangs out with his friends from Alabama. It sounds like Greg

false

Groupthink is one of the main advantages of having groups make decisions

professional jobs, and are low in authoritarianism.

Having a directive leader produces more stress for employees who are doing

instrumentalities

Having employees rate their coworkers' contributions to group projects, tracking the sales made by different salespeople, and making sure the rewards you give aren't influenced by how much you personally like different individuals are all things you can do as a manager to help ensure that your employees will have high

Authoritarianism

Hofstede considered "high power distance" cultures to be ones in which people tended to value clear hierarchies, where bosses (or parents, teachers, ministers, etc.) make the decisions and others obey. The concept of power distance sounds MOST similar to the personality trait of

el salvador

Hofstede found the following results for four countries. In which of them would you be most likely to find that people: want to enjoy a relaxed, stress-free quality of life; are highly committed to doing what's in the interest of others (their friends, coworkers, and extended family); like knowing what's expected of them; and don't mind that bosses supervise them and tell them what to do?

Syria, South Sudan, and Somalia are ranked as the "most corrupt" countries.

In 2013, Afghanistan, North Korea, and Somalia were seen as the most corrupt countries of those studied. Which ones are most corrupt as of 2019?

Dialectical inquiry and devil's advocacy

Introducing more conflict into group discussions

false

Introverts tend to like their jobs more than extraverts do.

global strategy and a global product structure

Itochu Corp., headquartered in Japan, sells machinery, textiles, metals and minerals, and chemicals. The company generally sells the same products in pretty much the same ways in the various countries in which it does business. As a result, the company is likely to adopt a

instrumentality.

Marty is an intern for Big Systems, Inc. His supervisor told the interns that he was going to start them off with easy assignments, but that if they performed well, they'd get to do more challenging work. So Marty worked really hard, finished the work quickly, and did the work much better than the other interns. But it turned out that there really was only one challenging work assignment to give the interns, and the supervisor gave it to a guy Reuben. Reuben didn't even know what he was doing! Marty had helped Reuben figure out the company's software, and eventually Reuben did manage to finish the work. But their boss didn't know that Reuben was clueless and wasn't aware that it was really Marty who'd handled his own work AND helped Reuben with his. In Marty's case, his motivation to continue to work hard is being hurt by a low

false

Men tend to experience higher levels of workplace stress than women.

Mondelēz wants to make and sell its product lines in different ways in different countries.

Mondelēz International sells foods and beverages. A spinoff from Kraft Foods, its dozens of products include Oreos, Toblerone, Dentyne, and Tang. The individuals reporting to the CEO include: Executive Vice President and President, Asia, Middle East & Africa - Maurizio Brusadelli. Executive Vice President & President Mondelēz Europe - Vince Gruber Executive Vice President and President, Latin America - Alejandro Lorenzo Executive Vice President and President, North America - Glen Walter Executive Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer - Paulette Alviti Executive Vice President, Global Chief Marketing Officer - Martin Renaud Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer - Luca Zaramella Based on the job titles of the executives, which of the following statements is more likely to be true?

conscientiousness

Of the "big 5" personality traits, which is believed to have the greatest effect on workplace outcomes—giving people the edge in most occupations?

extraversion

Of the following traits, which has been found to be most clearly associated with being a good manager?

False

Once a person has satisfied a particular need, he or she is no longer likely to be motivated by the desire to satisfy that need.

False

People do seem to have about five different groups of needs, just as Maslow suggested

be organized and try to do everything well.

People high in conscientiousness tend to

stereotyping

People often jump to conclusions about people who have tattoos, who are accountants, who major in religion, who are Italian-American, and so forth. The biased perception someone has based simply on a group that the other person belongs to is called

happy and cheerful too

People who are themselves happy and excited are likely to see others as

expectancy

Reuben is an intern for Big Systems, Inc. His supervisor told the interns that he was going to start them off with easy assignments, but that if they performed well, they'd get to do more challenging work. Reuben really wants to prove himself in this job, and likes the idea of advancing to more challenging assignments. But the company uses some software he's not familiar with, and as a result he's having trouble doing even the easy work. No one seems to have time to help him! In Reuben's case, his motivation is being hurt by his low

false

Senior managers (e.g., CEOs) experience higher levels of stress than middle managers.

brainstorming

Share any idea that comes to mind, no matter how bad it may seem

Power distance

Some cultures are very accepting of hierarchical social structures—in other words, it "feels right" in that culture for "superiors" such as parents, bosses, teachers, government officials, and ministers to give direction, make decisions, and be respected and obeyed. These cultures tend to have tall hierarchies in their organizations—i.e., they have lots of layers of people in charge. This type of culture is best characterized as high in

African American Males

Some members of corporate boards of directors belong to the boards of multiple corporations. This is especially the case for

People who grew up under more favorable conditions

Some people grow up under conditions of socioeconomic hardship. Others grow up in favorable socioeconomic conditions. Who's more likely to value hard work, ambition, and self-control when they reach adulthood?

don't have good interpersonal cohesion

Sometimes team members don't like their task and aren't committed to it. If that's the case, the team's performance will be better if they

devils advocate

Stacy, who sees that her teammates are all jumping too quickly to an agreed upon solution, so she speaks up and questions their assumptions

maintain a high level of effort.

Steph is working on a group project and has a sense that everyone else on the team is going to work hard and try to do a good job. This belief is likely to cause Steph to

"incremental theorist."

Stewart knows that he is a pessimist and a fairly negative person. He tends to dwell on what could go wrong, and people have told him that he complains too much about things that aren't that bad. Stewart has made up his mind that he is going to try to have a sunnier outlook, to say positive things about situations, and stop complaining. He thinks that if he does this, he'll be a more pleasant person to be around. It sounds like Stewart is an

Stuart will feel guilty that he's making more than Adonis.

Stuart and Adonis were both hired as business development specialists for Big Systems, Inc. when they graduated from college five years ago. Stuart happened to see a confidential salary list last week and found out that he's making $2600 a year more than Adonis. According to equity theory, it's most likely that

valences

Surveying your employees to find out what rewards they want, finding ways to make sure the job is less boring and fatiguing, and seeking resources to make sure you can offer attractive rewards are all ways you can improve your employees'

low valence

Susie is an intern for Big Systems, Inc. Her supervisor told the interns that he was going to start them off with easy assignments, but that if they performed well, they'd get to do more challenging work. Susie likes doing easy work, and isn't at all motivated by the idea that she'd get more challenging assignments! Susie's lack of motivation is due to a

global product structure

The Gap Inc owns Gap clothing stores, but other stores as well: Old Navy, Banana Republic, Intermix and Athleta. The above chart shows their basic structure (from a few years ago). This organization structure represents a

Venus, who's set a personal goal of selling 17 systems next month.

The average salesperson at Big Systems, Inc. typically sells somewhere between 11 and 15 systems per month, though the record salesperson once sold 25 systems in a month. Which of these individuals is likely to be highest in "need for achievement"?

False

The boards of directors that oversee corporations are required by law to have at least 25% of members be women, Hispanics, and/or racial minorities

Faultline

The group consists of 3 employees, all over age 50, from the production department plus 5 employees, all under age 30, from the marketing department.

true

The nominal group technique requires group members to spend time writing down their ideas privately before sharing them.

it has strong brand "identities," such that Old Navy, Athleta, Banana Republic, etc., are recognized as pretty consistent brands all around the world

The organization chart for Gap, Inc. tells us that the firm wants to make sure that

attribution

The process of deciding what caused an observed behavior is known as

False

The purpose of an Affirmative Action Program is to ensure that you get the best out of all of your employees by training people to work well together and live up to their potential

the emotional satisfaction of team members

There are various ways to measure team effectiveness. "Affective criteria" for measuring team effectiveness has to do with

has a global product structure

These two paragraphs are from a press release for Eaton Corporation, a large, global technology manufacturer: Diversified industrial manufacturer Eaton Corporation announced January 28 that Eaton's businesses are being reorganized into two sectors - Electrical and Industrial - with a vice chairman and chief operating officer for each sector. The changes are effective February 1. Eaton chairman and chief executive officer Alexander M. Cutler said that Thomas S. Gross, 54, has been named vice chairman and chief operating officer - Electrical Sector.... Craig Arnold, 48, has been named vice chairman and chief operating officer - Industrial Sector, which is being formed by combining Eaton's Aerospace, Automotive, Hydraulics and Truck businesses. This press release suggests that Eaton Corporation

Women who are mothers

What is true of the workforce in the US

Multicultural organizations

What name is given to organizations that work to ensure that employees of all backgrounds feel valued, learn to work well together, and are empowered to do reach their potential?

False

When a company adopts an Affirmative Action Program, it sets hiring quotas to ensure that the percentages of women and minority group members in the company reflect the percentages in the local population.

true

When it comes down to it, brainwriting, the nominal group technique, and electronic brainstorming are actually quite similar to one another

do especially well in front of the audience.

When other people watch you while you're doing something fairly simple and routine, you are likely to

a self-serving bias.

When things go right, your boss seems to take credit for it. But when things go wrong, it's always someone else's fault. Your boss is exhibiting

consensus

When we observe strangers, we often make attributions based on how they behave compared to how other people behave. In other words, we make attributions about strangers based largely on information about

Decline

When you compare the score for the United States in 2019 with its scores from 2015-2018, did its corruption score show improvement (a higher score) or a decline (lower) in 2019?

what the social norms are.

When you start a job as a server at a restaurant, you learn a lot about how to interact with customers and how quick and peppy to be simply by watching what other servers do. This is an example of how we might learn

a consulting firm that has offices in 8 different countries

Which of the following best fits the definition of a multinational corporation?

A 52-year-old job candidate who is told "Sorry, we think someone younger than you would probably do better in this position."

Which of the following individuals would have a good chance of succeeding in an age discrimination law suit?

Diversity-based infighting

Which of the following results from too much diversity in viewpoints, rather than too little?

True

With an Affirmative Action Program, a company takes extra steps to try to recruit, promote, and retain individuals in disadvantaged groups, such as racial minorities, women, and people with disabilities.

true

Women tend to have better strategies for coping with stress than do men.

helping Darlene set fairly challenging goals, and making sure she gets feedback on how well she's doing at reaching them

You supervise Darlene, who seems to have a particularly low need for achievement. In working with Darlene, it's probably a good idea to focus on

is high in openness to experience

You want to hire an engineer to develop new product innovations. If you are trying to find someone who is intellectually curious, creative, and willing to try explore new ideas, it'd be a good idea to hire someone who

institutional power

You're hiring a new sales manager for Big Systems, Inc. You'll especially want to look for someone with a high need for

0

You've told your team of engineers that if they can design a hover board, you'll give them an all-expense paid trip to DisneyWorld. They strongly believe you'll keep your word, and they'd love that trip to DisneyWorld. But they also think there's no chance they could design a hover board. According to the formula for the motivational force score (MF), your engineers' motivational force will be

expectancy

You've told your team of engineers that if they can design a hover board, you'll give them an all-expense paid trip to DisneyWorld. They strongly believe you'll keep your word, and they'd love that trip to DisneyWorld. But they also think there's no chance they could design a hover board. This is a case of low

True

Your "social identity" is based on the groups to which you belong, where your membership in that group has emotional significance. One's racial identity is likely to be more important for the social identity of blacks and Asians than it is for whites.

Yes. It is now tied with Denmark for the #1 rank.

Your textbook (p. 93) shows the results of Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index for 2013. Based on surveys of experts, the CPI measures things like whether a country is likely to have failing schools, counterfeit medicines, extensive bribery, and fraudulent elections. Find the 2019 results online at https://www.transparency.org/cpi2019#results (Links to an external site.). As you look at the table, note that a higher score on the right side of the table means the country is better (that is, less corrupt). The #1, 2, and 3 ranking countries (ranks are on the left) have the three highest scores on the right side of the table. Was New Zealand still the top ranked country (perceived as least corrupt) in 2019?

to provide his or her whole family with training, so the spouse and children can adjust well.

Your textbook cites an expert who says that if an employee is going to work overseas on a job assignment, it would especially help

to make similar decisions about whether to hire white and black candidates except when the qualifications were ambiguous, in which case they chose white candidates at higher rates than black candidates.

Your textbook discusses a study in which white participants made judgments about white and black job candidates based on the person's credentials. The results indicated that the participants tended

Maslow's notion of "prepotency" is based on the idea that:

a need that's not satisfied will be more motivating than other, higher-level needs

False

all companies in the US must have affirmative action programs

Ethnocentric

believes that his or her own culture is better than other cultures

False

companies in the US have the option of requiring employees to retire once they hit 65

The ideal team size

depends on how good the group is at "process management"; very large groups can do fine if run well.

"liaison role

represents the group to others who are not part of the group.