C Programming: Key term chapter 4-6

Function body

it operate on the passed data and return at most on value back to the calling function

Arguments

items enclosed within the parentheses in the call statement aka.('Actual arguments'and 'actual parameters')

Logic error

can either cause a run-time error or produce incorrect results - are characterized by erroneous, unexpected, or unintentional output

Input data Validation

checking user input data for erroneous or unreasonable data

Function header

first line of the function that tells the name of the function, return type value, and parameters

Sequential

means that statements are executed in sequence(Done in the main function)

Pseudorandom number

numbers that are sufficiently random for the task

Nested if statements

one or more if-else statements within an if or if-else statement

Compound statements

one or more statements contained between braces

Default

operates the same as the last else statements; default label is optional

Switch

switch statement is a specialized selection statement that can be used in place of an if-else chain where exactly equality to one or more integer constants is required

Repetition

used to repeat a set of statements

Short circuit evaluation

whenever the truth or falsity of an expression containing any logical operators is definitely determined, evaluation stops, regardless of how many additional operations may exists

Null statement

A semicolon with nothing preceding it; is also a statement Ex.for(;count<=20;)

Iteration

Each repetition that is 'passed through the loop'

Comma separated list

List in C,where commas are required to separate individual expressions in the lists. Ex. for(c=1;c<=8;printf("%d",c),c+=2)

Stub

a fake function/ the beginning of a final function that is used as a placeholder for the final function until the function is completed

Nested loop

a loop contains within another loop

Posttest loop

a loop that evaluates a condition at the end of the repeating section of the code aka.(Exit controlled Loop)

Debugger

a program that controls the execution of a C program, can interpret the C program at any point in its execution and can display the vales of all variables at the point of interruption

Random number

a series of numbers whose order cannot be predicted

Echo printing

add temporary code that displays the variable of all input date to check the input received

Fixed count loop

aka.(counter-controlled loop) the condition is used to keep track of the number of repetitions that have occurred (for loop)

Parameter

argument names in the header line aka.('formal parameters' and 'formal arguments')

Case

compares the values that will be compared

relational expression

consist of relational operator that compare two operands

sentinel

data values used to signal either the start or the end of a data series

Funtion prototype

declaration statement for a function

Compile time and Run time

distinguish between errors based on when the error is detected

Run-time error

error that occur while the program is running

Compile-time error

errors detected by the compiler aka.('syntax error' or 'parse error')

Break

identifies the end of a particular case

If-else chain

if statement following by if else statements and ending with an else statement

Program tracing

imitate the computer and execute each statement by hand

Diagnostic printf()

include the printf() function in the program to display the value of selected variables

Invocation

invoking a sequence of instruction using a single statement

Selection

is used to select which statements are to be performed next based on a condition being true or false (done using if-else conditional statements)

Entrance controlled loops

pretest loop

relational operator

shows the relationship between two operands

EOF (End Of File)

signals the compiler to stop the loop

One-way if statement

simplest C selection statement

Typographical errror

spelling errors

if(condition)

statements are executed if condition is true

Pretest loop

the case where the test occurs at the beginning of the loop before any statement within the loop is executed e.g. for and while loop

Outter loop

the first loop that controlled the inner one

Calling function

the function that does the calling

Called function

the function that is called into action

Lifetime

the length of time that storage locations are reserved for a variable

Scaling

the method for adjusting the random numbers produced by a random-number generator to reside within a specific range

Desk checking

the method for detecting errors before a program iscompiled

Program testing

the method for detecting errors wither while the program is executing or after it has executed

Flow of Control

the order in which a program's statements are executed

Defensive Programming

the program includes code to check for improper data before an attempt is made to process it further

Inner loop

the second loop that is within the outer loop

Loop

the section of the code that is repeated

Program loop

the transfer of control back to the start of a while statement to reevaluate the expression

Pass by Value (call by value)

the value of the variables are passed into the called function for each argument