C100 Unit Questions set 1

Which of the following statements is true of Classical music? a) It developed at the same time as the ancient Classical Period in the visual arts, literature and philosophy. b) It coincided with the Neoclassical movement in the visual arts and emphasized lyrical melodies over more homophonic texture. c) It embraced much of the musical tradition of the Renaissance including a focus on Madrigal songs. d) It favored the more intricate, complex and embellished structure popular in the Baroque Period.

Classical music was produced in the Enlightenment Period, coinciding with the Neoclassical movement in the visual arts. It emphasized lyrical melodies over more homophonic texture.

How does the Neoclassical Period influence contemporary culture? a) The religious view of Deism developed in the Neoclassical Period continues to be widely accepted today. b) Neoclassical art's emphasis on order and clarity continue to be key themes of contemporary art in the Postmodern Period. c) Contemporary political satire, including shows like The Daily Show, traces its roots to the use of political satire in the Neoclassical Period. d) The opulent sets and costumes of today's theatre stand in stark contrast to the spare, simplistic trappings of Neoclassical theatre.

Contemporary political satire, including shows like The Daily Show, traces its roots to the use of political satire in the Neoclassical Period.Satires were popular in the Neoclassical Period and continue to be used for didactic purposes.

Which of the following are major themes of the Enlightenment? (Choose all that apply) Your Answer a) Deism b) Deconstructionism c) Empiricism d) Order e) Passion f) Divine Right of Kings

DEISM, EMPIRICISM, ORDER ; Enlightenment thinkers were often Deists, those who believed in a more distant, impersonal god. They also believed in empiricism, learning through observation and experimentation, and in the order of the universe.

gothic literature/gothic novel

Gothic literature sought to address larger Romantic themes in a darker way. While other Romantic writers celebrated the potential for harmony between nature and the human soul, Gothic writers explored what happens when there is disharmony.

Frederick Douglass:

He became the most visible African American abolitionist of the era through his eloquent speeches and the publication of his autobiography The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. This autobiography detailed the abuse and inhumanity of slavery while accentuating the hypocrisy it represented in a nation that claimed freedom and Christianity as fundamental elements of his culture.

John Keats (1795-1821)

He is considered one of the core Romantic poets and is best known for his poetry, including "Ode on a Grecian Urn." In his work, Keats often found exceptional beauty in the ordinary. Keats drew heavily from historical themes and merged diverse concepts, such as love and death, in his poetry.

Idealism states that...

reality is a mental construct, and therefore, the only knowledge we have of the world is knowledge of our mental experiences. There is no objective reality but rather a subjective reality as perceived by a human being, existing only in relation to that person's experience.

American Romanticism

writers share their English counterparts' investment in nature, introspection, and the sublime. American Romantics, however, anchor their thought in distinctly American themes and American frames of reference.

During the Romantic Period, orchestras expanded...

to include percussion and keyboard instruments in addition to woodwinds, brass, and strings. Opera dealt with Romantic themes as well and emphasized more elaborate solos.

Which of the following statements would a Deist philosopher during the Enlightenment subscribe to?

A Deist would believe that God created the universe and decreed its order.

Key Romantic Philosophers

Among the important Romantic philosophers Friedrich Nietzsche and Ralph Waldo Emerson.

Romantic Period Culture

Due to improvements in transportation technology, Romantic writers, artists, and musicians traveled through the East in search of new inspiration>>> In France, artists such as Antoine Jean Gros and Théodore Géricault made strong political statements and used exotic figures and locations in their paintings. French artists Eugène Delacroix and Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres conjured exotic images drawn from the Middle East and Africa. In England, John Nash designed the Royal Pavilion, which reflected a new exoticism in the use of Mughal and Islamic architectural elements. In America, artists such as George Caleb Bingham and George Catlin depicted cultural aspects of the Native Americans. American composers of hymns and church music looked abroad for inspiration, drawing from the works of the great classical composers of Europe.

Which of the following philosophical approaches relies on direct observation and experimentation? a) Epicureanism b) Rationalism c) Empiricism d) Utilitarianism

Empiricism uses direct observation and experimentation to obtain knowledge.

English Romanticism

English Romantic poets expressed a love of nature, an interest in exoticism, a reveling in the senses, and an investigation into the darker side of human emotion and humanity in their works. Central figures of the English Romantic literary period include:

Lord Byron:

Famous for his flamboyant style and numerous love affairs, Lord Byron helped create the notion of the Byronic hero. The Byronic hero first appeared in Byron's epic narrative poem "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage" and is best exemplified in his poem "The Corsair."

Slave Narrators

Frederick Douglass: Harriet Jacobs: Sojourner Truth:

Ralph Waldo Emerson:

He is considered to be the father of American literature. He is one of the central figures in the American Transcendentalist movement. He was a champion of individualism and the importance of nature upon the development of consciousness. Several of Emerson's essays have had a profound effect on the development of American character and literature. These include "The Poet," "The American Scholar," "Nature," and "Self-Reliance."

Walt Whitman

He is often considered the Father of American poetry and was a key figure in the Transcendentalist movement. Whitman included Romantic themes in his work, such as a reverence for nature, an appreciation of the common man, and poetic expression that abandoned traditional forms. His seminal work, Leaves of Grass, contains "Song of Myself," in which Whitman expressed his personal connection to diverse aspects of humanity.

William Wordsworth (1770-1850)

He is one of the foundational English Romantic poets. His work articulates the beauty of nature and explores the craft of writing. He believed in writing in "common speech" to reach all members of society. His autobiographical poem, The Prelude, describes his own creative journey, demonstrating the introspection that characterizes Romanticism.

Herman Melville:

He was a prolific American novelist, short story writer, and poet. He is best-known for his epic novel Moby Dick; or the White Whale, in which the Captain Ahab sacrifices all in a futile quest to dominate nature in the form of the elusive white whale, Moby Dick. The ship in this novel serves as a symbol for America during a trying social and political time.

Romantic philosophers were significantly influenced by social, political, and philosophical trends that were popular during the Enlightenment. Some of the important philosophical movements of the Romantic Period include ...

Idealism, transcendentalism & nationalsim,.

Why is Jacques-Louis David's painting The Death of Marat typical of the Neoclassical style? (Select two) a) It uses sharp, clean lines and chiaroscuro. b) It is characterized by a playful tone and ornate embellishment. c) The figure has a sculpted quality, inspired by Classical statues. d) It has even, diffused lighting and distinct brushstrokes.

It uses sharp, clean lines and chiaroscuro. The figure has a sculpted quality, inspired by Classical statues. David is considered one of the preeminent Neoclassical painters and his paintings have sharp colors and chiaroscuro (the contrast of light and dark to create depth) and c. the human figures in his paintings appear sculptural in nature, as in the painting above..

Which of the following statements about philosophical works in the Enlightenment is false? a) Jean-Jacques Rousseau's theory of the "noble savage" placed the burden of educating Native Americans on the upper class and nobility. b) Mary Wollstonecraft argued that women were capable of rationality and should be educated in A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. c) Denis Diderot's Encyclopédie represented a fundamental principle of the Enlightenment: to accumulate, codify, and preserve human knowledge. d) John Locke's Two Treatise of Government advocated a more representative form of government, paving the way for more modern democracies.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau's theory of the "noble savage" placed the burden of educating Native Americans on the upper class and nobility.

Key Romantic composers included

Johannes Brahms, Frédéric Chopin, Franz Liszt, Richard Strauss, Sergei Rachmaninoff, Richard Wagner, and Giacomo Puccini.

Gothic writers

Mary Shelley: The Brontë sisters:

American Romantic Authors..

Ralph Waldo Emerson: Herman Melville: Walt Whitman:

Romantic literary themes included:

Romantic literary themes included: a movement away from rationalism to embrace the imagination a focus on the superiority of nature a contemplation of the divine or higher moral purpose a focus on the self and introspection

Literature in the Romantic Period

Romantics sought new modes of representation and crafted innovative ways to signal their departure from previously held beliefs, traditions, and literary forms. As such, Romantic literature is iconoclastic in nature; it sought to break down conventions and societal norms. Romantic literary themes included: a movement away from rationalism to embrace the imagination a focus on the superiority of nature a return to medieval aesthetics a contemplation of the divine or higher moral purpose a focus on the self and introspection

Harriet Jacobs

She was an African American writer and prominent abolitionist speaker. She detailed the horrors of slavery in her narrative Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl in an attempt to inspire abolitionist actions. In her narrative, she declared her dream to create a home for herself and her children, a desire that 19th century female readers would have connected with strongly.

Mary Shelley:

She was an English writer who began her career editing for her husband, Percy Bysshe Shelley. She became a respected author with her novel Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus Frankenstein is inspired by the story of Prometheus. Prometheus created man from clay, in Ancient Greek mythology. In this story, scientist Victor Frankenstein uses his mastery of the sciences to create a living being in pursuit of the meaning of life.

Sojourner Truth (1797-1883)

She was an abolitionist and former slave who advocated for African-American women's rights. She brought the plight of African American women to the mainstream women's movement when she delivered her speech, "Ain't I a Woman?" (1851), which demanded that the rights of African Americans play a role in the political goals of the American women's movement.

Slave Narratives

Slave narratives combined reason, sympathy, and empathy to make a statement about the plight of slaves in the United States and to provide a narrative rallying cry for abolitionist action. Like their contemporaries, these writers appealed to emotion and logic to outline the importance of liberty, democracy, individualism, and the power of education, reform, and the imagination.

How did slave narratives, such as The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, affect cultural exchange and diversity within the Enlightenment period? a) Cultural exchange and diversity was stifled by the popularity of the slave narrative which put forth a limited view of slavery. b) Slave narratives were popular forms of entertainment and were widely considered fictional. c) Slave narratives confirmed the pro-slavery sentiments popular in the American South during this time. d) Social progress was aided through realistic depictions of the living conditions of slaves.

Social progress was aided through realistic depictions of the living conditions of slaves. Cultural exchange and diversity were aided by first-hand accounts of becoming enslaved, the experience of slavery, and seeking freedom.

How do themes of the Enlightenment contrast with themes of the Renaissance Period? (Choose Two) Your Answer a) The Enlightenment valued the order and clarity of classical art, while the Renaissance Period focused on the classical ideas of humanism. b) The Enlightenment focused on the divine right of kings, whereas the Renaissance Period focused on themes of revolution. c) The Enlightenment embraced Deism's understanding of God as a grand architect, while the Renaissance Period explored Catholic and Protestant teachings. d) The Enlightenment explored polytheism, while the Renaissance Period emphasized monotheism. e) The Enlightenment emphasized the importance of self-fashioning, while the Renaissance embraced skepticism.

The Enlightenment valued the order and clarity of classical art, while the Renaissance Period focused on the classical ideas of humanism. The Enlightenment embraced Deism's understanding of God as a grand architect, while the Renaissance Period explored Catholic and Protestant teachings.

Art and Architecture in the Romantic Period

The artists of the Romantic Period mirrored the Romantic movement as a whole by celebrating the wild and irrational aspects of humanity. Romantic artists stressed passion, emotion, and exotic settings with dramatic action. There was a focus on heroic subject matters employing intense colors and loose brush strokes. Romantic painters also addressed political matters. Examples of this include Eugène Delacroix and his painting Liberty Leading the People Other prominent artists of the period include Théodore Géricault, Francisco de Goya, J.M.W. Turner, and Caspar David Friedrich.

Music in the Romantic Period

The music of the Romantic Period replaced the restrained style of classical music with more expressive and emotional music. Romantic composers found inspiration in heroic and nationalistic themes. They wrote pieces that demonstrated an appreciation of nature, a turn towards the mystic and the supernatural, and an embrace of strong, irrational emotions over logic and reason. Opera dealt with Romantic themes as well and emphasized more elaborate solos.

How did the rise of capitalism affect cultural exchange in the Enlightenment? a) The rise of capitalism created a barrier between North America and European nations, allowing individuals to concentrate solely on their own traditions. b) The rise of capitalism helped to increase the exchange of information, allowing intellectuals to form new opinions rather than relying on the bias of tradition. c) The rise of capitalism increased the welfare of the slaves, whose songs were published during the period, allowing them to gain personal profit for the first time. d) The rise of capitalism allowed for the exchange of information, which in turn caused individuals to cling to the influence of traditional values.

The rise of capitalism helped to increase the exchange of information, allowing intellectuals to form new opinions rather than relying on the bias of tradition. Cultural exchange and diversity were important in achieving individualized thought and challenging tradition. The rise of capitalism facilitated the increasing exchange of information, and this access to varied information led to a stronger sense of self-awareness. With a wide and varied cultural knowledge base, intellectuals of the period were able to turn to the power of their minds to form opinions rather than the biased influence of tradition.

Why did many Enlightenment thinkers reject slavery? a) They embraced the dignity of individual human reason and thought, regardless of racial background. b) They were fascinated with African culture because of artists' and writers' interest in exoticism. c) They hoped to enlist slaves in their revolutionary plans to reform the governments of Europe and North America. d) They believed slavery to be an antiquated legal institution that belonged to the Classical ways of thinking.

They embraced the dignity of individual human reason and thought, regardless of racial background. Enlightenment thinkers saw each human being as possessing a universal capacity for reason and independent thought. Therefore, each person possessed human dignity, meaning that slavery could only unjustly prevent someone from exercising their right to freedom of mind and body.

Central figures of the English Romantic literary period include:

William Wordsworth: He is one of the foundational English Romantic poets. His work articulates the beauty of nature and explores the craft of writing. He believed in writing in "common speech" to reach all members of society. His autobiographical poem, The Prelude, describes his own creative journey, demonstrating the introspection that characterizes Romanticism. John Keats: He is considered one of the core Romantic poets and is best known for his poetry, including "Ode on a Grecian Urn." In his work, Keats often found exceptional beauty in the ordinary. Keats drew heavily from historical themes and merged diverse concepts, such as love and death, in his poetry. Lord Byron: Famous for his flamboyant style and numerous love affairs, Lord Byron helped create the notion of the Byronic hero. The Byronic hero first appeared in Byron's epic narrative poem "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage" and is best exemplified in his poem "The Corsair."

Which of the following are characteristic uses of political satire? (Choose 1) a) To unify and embolden b) To criticize and entertain c) To preserve and protect d) To celebrate and dignify

b) To criticize and entertain Satire both criticizes a practice or person and entertains the audience.

Why is Voltaire's novel Candide a significant work from the Enlightenment? a) It uses an ironic tone to celebrate certain political and religious figures who were popular at the time. b) It is one of the first literary works to give a practical plan for building a utopian society based on Christian ideals. c) It is skeptical of philosophers who believe this is the best of all possible worlds d) It explores themes of industry and revolution, showing how these modern advances have exploited the poor.

c) It is skeptical of philosophers who believe this is the best of all possible worlds. Voltaire was famous for writing witty satires of the social and political practices of his day. Candide features a philosopher who, despite terrible misfortunes, continues to believe this is the best of all possible worlds.

the architecture of the Romantic Period ...

demonstrated an embrace of Gothic Revival, a movement that celebrated the religiosity of older Gothic buildings. Romantic architects also experimented with different building materials, such as iron, steel, and glass.

According to transcendentalists...

society and social institutions ultimately corrupt individuals, stripping them of their natural freedom. Transcendentalists believe that people must become free and self-reliant by returning to nature.

Cultural exchange and diversity during the Romantic Period

stemmed from the European interest in exoticism, the glorification of cultural aspects from nonwestern civilizations.

The Brontë sisters:

the Brontë sisters were prolific English poets and novelists. Emily Brontë wrote Wuthering Heights, a Gothic novel about doomed love set on an English moor. Charlotte Brontë wrote Jane Eyre, in which the title character negotiates the limitations of class and gender.

According to nationalism....

the political legitimacy of a state results from some inherent unity or cohesion among the people that live in the area governed by that state. This unity is the result of some commonalities shared by the people, including things like race, culture, and language.