C857 Software Quality Assurance, Overview
Boolean logic
A "cause-effect graph" requires an understanding of what? [Lesson 4, Testing Fundamentals: Test-Case Design]
5
Based on the work of Jakob Nielsen, how many testers will collectively find 83% of errors during a usability test? [Lesson 7, Testing Types: Usability (User) Testing]
Time consuming and inefficient
Brute-force debugging requires no thought and is crude in both approach and output. It can be considered what? [Lesson 8, Testing Considerations: Debugging]
Less costly
Finding and fixing bugs early in the development process rather than finding and fixing bugs all at once near the end of a project is more or less costly? [Best Practices, Lesson 1: Process Improvement]
It will help deliver compliant business-enabling systems
How is a solid IT-QA relationship fundamental to business success? [Best Practices, Lesson 2: Bug Management]
Meeting design specifications and customer expectations
How is quality defined in Extreme Programming? [Lesson 9, Testing Considerations: Testing in the Agile Environment]
None
If a combination of test methodologies creates a reasonable strategy, which type of test cases are adequate by themselves? [Lesson 4, Testing Fundamentals: Test-Case Design]
Not
In "cause-effect graphing", what type of function states that if a is 1, b is 0, else b is 1? [Lesson 4, Testing Fundamentals: Test-Case Design]
Identity
In "cause-effect graphing", what type of function states that if a is 1, b is 1; else b is 0? [Lesson 4, Testing Fundamentals: Test-Case Design]
Or
In "cause-effect graphing", what type of function states that if a or b or c is 1, d is 1; else d is 0? [Lesson 4, Testing Fundamentals: Test-Case Design]
And
In "cause-effect graphing", what type of function states that if both a and b are 1, c is 1; else c is 0? [Lesson 4, Testing Fundamentals: Test-Case Design]
Usability issues
In addition to finding errors, what else would a black-box tester look for when testing a program? [Lesson 2, Testing Fundamentals: The Psychology and Economics of Software Testing]
Subordinate (calling) module
In top-down testing, for the selected module to be eligible for inclusion in the next module, at least one of these must be previously tested? [Lesson 5, Testing Types: Module (Unit) Testing]
More costly
Studies have shown that the defects found and fixed in the requirements phase are more likely to be what? [Best Practices, Lesson 1: Process Improvement]
Code-level tools
What can a developer employ to identify and resolve code quality issues? [Best Practices, Lesson 3: Code Quality]
A measurable business result
What can be achieved with a process improvement initiative based on the CMMI? [Best Practices, Lesson 1: Process Improvement]
Software development
What can be described as the process of moving from the conceptual to the concrete? [Lesson 6, Testing Types: Higher-Order Testing]
Process improvement
What can help software development build and retain product and service quality? [Best Practices, Lesson 1: Process Improvement]
Collective code ownership
What concept is a feature of extreme programming in agile methodology? [Lesson 9, Testing Considerations: Testing in the Agile Environment]
Eliminating the need for human participation
What could be considered the ultimate goal of automated testing? [Best Practices, Lesson 3: Code Quality]
Condition
What coverage type checks that each state in a decision in the program takes all possible outcomes at least once? [Lesson 4, Testing Fundamentals: Test-Case Design]
Multiple-condition
What coverage type evaluates each decision for all the combinations of conditions? [Lesson 4, Testing Fundamentals: Test-Case Design]
Decision/condition
What coverage type follows that every condition in a decision and every decision in the program takes all possible outcomes at least once? [Lesson 4, Testing Fundamentals: Test-Case Design]
Statement
What coverage type involves execution of all the executable statements in the source code at least once? [Lesson 4, Testing Fundamentals: Test-Case Design]
Decision
What coverage type states creation of enough test cases that each branch direction must be traversed at least once? [Lesson 4, Testing Fundamentals: Test-Case Design]
Automated testing
What does agile testing rely on in order to facilitate the timely feedback needed for rapid development? [Lesson 9, Testing Considerations: Testing in the Agile Environment]
Supplemental test conditions
What does boundary value analysis, an analysis of input and output boundaries, produce? [Lesson 4, Testing Fundamentals: Test-Case Design]
Finding and removing errors
What does it mean to raise the reliability of a program? [Lesson 2, Testing Fundamentals: The Psychology and Economics of Software Testing]
Mental process
What does the most effective method of debugging involve? [Lesson 8, Testing Considerations: Debugging]
Input/Output parameters
What does the specification for a module typically define? [Lesson 5, Testing Types: Module (Unit) Testing]
A bug base
What is a system for keeping track of every bug logged in a database system called? [Best Practices, Lesson 2: Bug Management]
Requirements
What is a translation of the program user's needs and specifies why the program is needed? [Lesson 6, Testing Types: Higher-Order Testing]
A matrix of impacts versus severity
What is a visual definition of how you will prioritize bugs as they are discovered? [Best Practices, Lesson 2: Bug Management]
Observation of test results is easier
What is an advantage of bottom-up testing? [Lesson 5, Testing Types: Module (Unit) Testing]
Programming errors are detected earlier
What is an advantage of incremental testing? [Lesson 5, Testing Types: Module (Unit) Testing]
A bug model
What is based on historical data and planned activities and predicts how many bugs will be found during the project? [Best Practices, Lesson 2: Bug Management]
Nonincremental testing
What is testing each module independently and then combining the modules to form the program called? [Lesson 5, Testing Types: Module (Unit) Testing]
Giving the team the opportunity to voice their concerns and advocate for their own priorities
What is the benefit of building a discrete list of defects and ranking them in order of importance? [Best Practices, Lesson 2: Bug Management]
A test case management system
What is the best way to document and keep track of test cases? [Best Practices, Lesson 2: Bug Management]
Optimizing your process and making testing more efficient
What is the intent of test automation? [Best Practices, Lesson 3: Code Quality]
Consistent and well-planned testing
What is the key to successful higher-order testing? [Lesson 6, Testing Types: Higher-Order Testing]
A program performs according to its specifications
What is the main consideration for a usability test? [Lesson 7, Testing Types: Usability (User) Testing]
Design and creation of effective test cases
What is the most important consideration in program testing? [Lesson 4, Testing Fundamentals: Test-Case Design]
A program's usability
What is the primary concern of a user in the context of user-based testing? [Lesson 7, Testing Types: Usability (User) Testing]
Testing
What is the process of executing a program with the intent of finding errors? [Lesson 2, Testing Fundamentals: The Psychology and Economics of Software Testing]
Module testing
What is the process of testing the individual subprograms, subroutines, classes, or procedures in a program called? [Lesson 5, Testing Types: Module (Unit) Testing]
Having clearly defined goals for every milestone
What key best practice bring the development process together in order to meet the deliverable deadline? [Best Practices, Lesson 1: Process Improvement]
Discovery of a new error
What makes a test run successful? [Lesson 2, Testing Fundamentals: The Psychology and Economics of Software Testing]
A program's intended purpose and user
What must a black-box tester focus on? [Lesson 2, Testing Fundamentals: The Psychology and Economics of Software Testing]
Test cases
What must be written for input conditions that are invalid and unexpected, as well as for those that are valid and expected? [Lesson 2, Testing Fundamentals: The Psychology and Economics of Software Testing]
Add additional test cases
What should you use the error-guessing technique for? [Lesson 4, Testing Fundamentals: Test-Case Design]
Top-down strategy
What testing strategy starts with the initial module in the program? [Lesson 5, Testing Types: Module (Unit) Testing]
Bottom-up strategy
What testing strategy starts with the terminal modules, modules that do not call other modules, in the program? [Lesson 5, Testing Types: Module (Unit) Testing]
Incremental integration
What type of module testing includes strategies such as top-down and bottom-up? [Lesson 5, Testing Types: Module (Unit) Testing]
Think aloud
What type of protocol can provide excellent data on software usability and user perceptions about the application? [Lesson 7, Testing Types: Usability (User) Testing]
Acceptance test
What type of test compares the program to its initial requirements and the current needs of its end users? [Lesson 6, Testing Types: Higher-Order Testing]
White-box test
What type of test is a module test? [Lesson 5, Testing Types: Module (Unit) Testing]
Random
What types of users can uncover errors or user interface problems that might not be found by experts? These types of users are persons who are not familiar with the program's specification, or perhaps even the industry or market for which it is intended. [Lesson 7, Testing Types: Usability (User) Testing]
Combinations of input conditions
What would the test specification need to contain if you started with the cause-effect testing strategy? [Lesson 4, Testing Fundamentals: Test-Case Design]
You are confident that you do not want anything to change in the code
When is a good time to start automation testing? [Best Practices, Lesson 3: Code Quality]
As early as possible
When is the appropriate time to include people responsible for quality in the development cycle? [Best Practices, Lesson 1: Process Improvement]
A white-box tester
When the testing is focused on how the application behaves at a code level, who should create the tests? [Best Practices, Lesson 3: Code Quality]
Extreme Programming
Which agile method is being used when the programmer designs an application to pass the unit tests, therefore increasing the probability that it will meet specifications? [Lesson 9, Testing Considerations: Testing in the Agile Environment]
Scrum
Which agile methodology is an iterative and incremental project management approach that supports many other agile methodologies? [Lesson 9, Testing Considerations: Testing in the Agile Environment]
User questionnaire
Which approach gathers information and comments that can be counted and analyzed across the spectrum of testers? [Lesson 7, Testing Types: Usability (User) Testing]
Input/Output errors
Which category on the inspection error checklist checks if files are explicitly declared and their attributes are correct? [Lesson 3, Testing Fundamentals: Program Inspections, Walkthroughs, and Reviews]
Debugging by backtracking
Which debugging method looks at a reverse execution of the program? [Lesson 8, Testing Considerations: Debugging]
Debugging by induction
Which debugging method moves from the particulars of a situation to the larger picture? [Lesson 8, Testing Considerations: Debugging]
Recording all errors found
Which duty is a responsibility of the code inspection team moderator? [Lesson 3, Testing Fundamentals: Program Inspections, Walkthroughs, and Reviews]
A screenshot
Which element of a bug record will provide the programmer with a visual representation of the problem? [Best Practices, Lesson 2: Bug Management]
Agile testing
Which form of testing involves everyone in the process through the design, implementation, and execution of the test plan? [Lesson 9, Testing Considerations: Testing in the Agile Environment]
Desk checking
Which human error detection process is considered relatively unproductive? [Lesson 3, Testing Fundamentals: Program Inspections, Walkthroughs, and Reviews]
System validation
Which is a key principle of testing? [Best Practices, Lesson 1: Process Improvement]
Dumping memory locations
Which of the following is a brute-force debugging technique? [Lesson 8, Testing Considerations: Debugging]
Where there is one bug, there is likely to be another
Which of the following is a debugging principle? [Lesson 8, Testing Considerations: Debugging]
Secretary
Which role records all errors found in a code walkthrough? [Lesson 3, Testing Fundamentals: Program Inspections, Walkthroughs, and Reviews]
A programmer should avoid attempting to test his or her own program.
Which software testing principle states that a programmer may subconsciously avoid finding errors for fear of retribution from peers, a supervisor, a client, or the owner of the program or system being developed? [Lesson 2, Testing Fundamentals: The Psychology and Economics of Software Testing]
External specifications
Which step in the software development process defines the exact representation of the program to users? [Lesson 6, Testing Types: Higher-Order Testing]
Objectives
Which step in the software development process translates requirements into specific objectives? [Lesson 6, Testing Types: Higher-Order Testing]
Peer ratings
Which technique is used to evaluate anonymous programs in terms of their overall quality, maintainability, extensibility, usability, and clarity? [Lesson 3, Testing Fundamentals: Program Inspections, Walkthroughs, and Reviews]
Error guessing
Which test case design technique relies on the intuitive and expert knowledge of test team members to write test cases around probable types of errors? [Lesson 4, Testing Fundamentals: Test-Case Design]
Installation test
Which test requires the organization that produced the program to create the test cases? [Lesson 6, Testing Types: Higher-Order Testing]
Acceptance testing
Which test type will satisfy the final validation and verification criteria? [Best Practices, Lesson 1: Process Improvement]
Function test
Which test will show that a program does not match its external specifications? [Lesson 6, Testing Types: Higher-Order Testing]
Equivalence partitioning
Which type of black-box testing divides the input domain of a program into a finite number of classes and then identifies the test cases? [Lesson 4, Testing Fundamentals: Test-Case Design]
Cause-effect graphing
Which type of black-box testing shows the connection between a given outcome and all issues that manipulate the outcome? [Lesson 4, Testing Fundamentals: Test-Case Design]
Boundary value analysis
Which type of black-box testing tests extreme ends or boundaries between partitions of the input values? [Lesson 4, Testing Fundamentals: Test-Case Design]
Peer review
Which type of review is considered a walkthrough? [Best Practices, Lesson 1: Process Improvement]
System test
Which type of test would reveal that the program as a whole either meets or doesn't meet its objectives? [Lesson 6, Testing Types: Higher-Order Testing]
White-box tester
Which type of tester focuses exclusively on validating the interactions and behaviors that result in functionality? [Lesson 2, Testing Fundamentals: The Psychology and Economics of Software Testing]
Black-box tester
Which type of tester is not concerned about the internal behavior and structure of a program? [Lesson 2, Testing Fundamentals: The Psychology and Economics of Software Testing]
Incremental testing
Which type of testing combines one module with a set of previously tested modules before it is tested? [Lesson 5, Testing Types: Module (Unit) Testing]
Extreme unit testing
Which type of testing includes the rule: "All code modules must have unit tests before coding begins"? [Lesson 9, Testing Considerations: Testing in the Agile Environment]
People other than the developer
Who conducts the majority of program testing during a walkthrough? [Lesson 3, Testing Fundamentals: Program Inspections, Walkthroughs, and Reviews]
Moderator
Who ensures that the code inspection stays on course? [Lesson 3, Testing Fundamentals: Program Inspections, Walkthroughs, and Reviews]
Programmer
Who narrates the logic of a program, statement by statement, during a code inspection? [Lesson 3, Testing Fundamentals: Program Inspections, Walkthroughs, and Reviews]
Program developer
Who should create automated unit tests? [Best Practices, Lesson 3: Code Quality]
Because people other than the author are involved in the process
Why is a code inspection more effective than a desk-checking process? [Lesson 3, Testing Fundamentals: Program Inspections, Walkthroughs, and Reviews]
Unit test
With the exception of this type of test, the programmer should never test the program he or she originally developed. With a system test, the organization that developed the program should also not test the program. [Lesson 6, Testing Types: Higher-Order Testing]
Logic coverage
You have this type of test coverage when you have tests that exercise all decision point outcomes at least once, and ensure that all statements or entry points are executed at least once? [Lesson 4, Testing Fundamentals: Test-Case Design]
