Calvin Cycle

What does PGA get converted to?

PGAL

Does photorespiration increase or reduce C3 efficiency?

Reduces

Does the Calvin cycle happen a. at night b. in the day c. day and night

c. day and night

What percent of plants use CAM pathway?

3-4%

Calvin Cycle is also known as...

Carbon Reactions

When do CAM plants open stromata?

Only at night

After Carbon fixation creates an unstable molecule what does it break down to?

PGA

How does opening stromata create a problem for plants?

Releases H2O

How many times is Carbon fixed in a CAM plant?

Twice

In CAM reactions does carbon fixation occur in same cell?

Yes

What percent of plants use C4 pathway?

1%

When is CO2 fixed in a CAM plant?

1. At night when stromata open 2. In day fixed in Calvin cycle

How is PGAL used?

1. Can create bigger carbs like glucose and sucrose 2. Some is rearranged to make more RuBP to continue Carbon reactions.

Where does the Calvin cycle occur in C4 plants?

Bundle Sheath Cells

PGAL

Carbohydrate product that leaves the Calvin cycle

What do Carbon reactions produce?

Carbohydrates

Why is C3 pathway called the C3 pathway?

In the Calvin cycle the 3 carbon molecule PGA is the first stable molecule to be produced.

Where do light reactions occur in C4 plants?

Mesophyll cells

What percent of plant species use C3 pathways?

95%

Besides the being called the Calvin Cycle and Carbon reactions, what is a third name for this process?

C3 Pathway

CAM stands for what?

Crassulacean Acid Metabolism

Do C4 pathways do light an carbon reaction in same or different cells?

Different

The _____ and _____ produced in light reactions Provides the ______ and _____ needed to drive the Calvin Cycle.

ATP and NADPH electrons and potential energy

How is photorespiration minimized?

Plants opens stromata to release O2 and allow CO2 to enter.

What does carbon bind to in carbon fixation?

Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP)

What enzyme catalyzes carbon fixation to RuBP?

Rubisco

How does photorespiration reduce efficiency?

Rubisco uses O2 to instead of CO2 as a substrate which removes already fixed Carbon molecules.

Calvin Cycle is the ______ reaction in Photosynthesis.

Second

What plants are C3?

Spinach, Tobacco, peanuts, soybeans, sugar beats, some trees, some grasses.

Where do carbon reactions occur?

Stroma

When CO2 is added to RuBP is a stable or unstable molecule created?

Unstable