Calvin Cycle
What does PGA get converted to?
PGAL
Does photorespiration increase or reduce C3 efficiency?
Reduces
Does the Calvin cycle happen a. at night b. in the day c. day and night
c. day and night
What percent of plants use CAM pathway?
3-4%
Calvin Cycle is also known as...
Carbon Reactions
When do CAM plants open stromata?
Only at night
After Carbon fixation creates an unstable molecule what does it break down to?
PGA
How does opening stromata create a problem for plants?
Releases H2O
How many times is Carbon fixed in a CAM plant?
Twice
In CAM reactions does carbon fixation occur in same cell?
Yes
What percent of plants use C4 pathway?
1%
When is CO2 fixed in a CAM plant?
1. At night when stromata open 2. In day fixed in Calvin cycle
How is PGAL used?
1. Can create bigger carbs like glucose and sucrose 2. Some is rearranged to make more RuBP to continue Carbon reactions.
Where does the Calvin cycle occur in C4 plants?
Bundle Sheath Cells
PGAL
Carbohydrate product that leaves the Calvin cycle
What do Carbon reactions produce?
Carbohydrates
Why is C3 pathway called the C3 pathway?
In the Calvin cycle the 3 carbon molecule PGA is the first stable molecule to be produced.
Where do light reactions occur in C4 plants?
Mesophyll cells
What percent of plant species use C3 pathways?
95%
Besides the being called the Calvin Cycle and Carbon reactions, what is a third name for this process?
C3 Pathway
CAM stands for what?
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism
Do C4 pathways do light an carbon reaction in same or different cells?
Different
The _____ and _____ produced in light reactions Provides the ______ and _____ needed to drive the Calvin Cycle.
ATP and NADPH electrons and potential energy
How is photorespiration minimized?
Plants opens stromata to release O2 and allow CO2 to enter.
What does carbon bind to in carbon fixation?
Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP)
What enzyme catalyzes carbon fixation to RuBP?
Rubisco
How does photorespiration reduce efficiency?
Rubisco uses O2 to instead of CO2 as a substrate which removes already fixed Carbon molecules.
Calvin Cycle is the ______ reaction in Photosynthesis.
Second
What plants are C3?
Spinach, Tobacco, peanuts, soybeans, sugar beats, some trees, some grasses.
Where do carbon reactions occur?
Stroma
When CO2 is added to RuBP is a stable or unstable molecule created?
Unstable
