Cap's AP Psych Chapter 1 - Test (Ex 4)

Who used the method of introspection to scientifically identify basic elements of mind?

Edward Titchener

The method of introspection was used by Titchener to identify:

elements of sensory experience.

The ideas of Francis Bacon provided an impetus for what came to be known as:

empiricism

Who was a student of William James and the first female president of the American Psychological Association?

Mary Calkins

Humanistic psychologists focused attention on the importance of:

healthy growth potential

Professor Reed attempts to assess the relative contributions of heredity and home environment on children's susceptibility to depression. Her research best illustrates the concerns of the ________ perspective.

behavior genetics

Which perspective is most directly concerned with assessing the relative impact of both nature and nurture on our psychological traits?

behavior genetics

In the 1960s, humanistic psychologists considered the approach advanced by behaviorists to be excessively:

mechanistic

Socrates, Plato, and Descartes believed that:

mind and body are distinct and separable

Which perspective is most directly concerned with how the physical properties of the brain influence behaviors and mental states?

neuroscience

Which perspective is most relevant to understanding the impact of strokes and brain diseases on memory?

neuroscience

In the context of debates regarding the origins of knowledge, Aristotle is to ________ as Plato is to ________.

nurture; nature

The personality theorist, Sigmund Freud, was an Austrian:

physician

The unreliability of introspection contributed to the waning popularity of:

structuralism

The distinctive feature of the psychodynamic perspective is its emphasis on:

unconscious conflicts

The first psychological laboratory was established by:

Wilhelm Wundt

Contemporary psychology is best defined as the scientific study of:

behavior and mental processes

Which philosopher would have been most enthusiastic about modern empiricism?

Aristotle

The inheritance of behavioral characteristics was emphasized by:

Charles Darwin

Who highlighted the reproductive advantages of environmentally adaptive traits?

Charles Darwin

Who most clearly emphasized that the immaterial mind was distinct from the body?

Descartes

The early school of psychology known as functionalism was developed by:

James

Who suggested that animal spirits flow through the nerves so as to produce movements of the body?

René Descartes

Which of the following psychologists most clearly rejected the value of introspection?

Watson

Who would have been most likely to ignore mental processes and to define psychology as "the scientific study of observable behavior"?

Watson

Mark believes that people are genetically predisposed to dislike bitter-tasting foods because this has enhanced human survival. His belief best illustrates the ________ perspective.

evolutionary

Professor Crisman believes that most women prefer tall and physically strong partners because this preference enhanced the survival of our ancestors' genes. This viewpoint best illustrates the ________ perspective.

evolutionary

Which perspective highlights the reproductive advantages of inherited psychological traits?

evolutionary

William James was a prominent American:

functionalist

Research participants were asked to monitor and report their own immediate sensory reactions to differently colored objects. This research involved a technique known as:

introspection

Research participants who carefully observe and report their immediate reactions and feelings in response to different musical sounds are using the method known as:

introspection

The self-reflective observation of one's own sensations and feelings is called:

introspection

The biopsychosocial approach provides an understanding of social-cultural influences integrated within the larger framework of:

multiple levels of analysis

The survival of organisms best suited to a particular environment is known as:

natural selection

Arguments as to whether psychological differences between men and women result from biological or social influences most clearly involve a debate over the issue of:

nature versus nurture

In a class lecture, Professor Hampton emphasized the extent to which abnormal blood chemistry can contribute to psychological disorders. The professor's lecture highlighted a ________ perspective on psychological disorders.

neuroscience

Professor Lopez believes that severe depression results primarily from an imbalanced diet and abnormal brain chemistry. Professor Lopez favors a ________ perspective on depression.

neuroscience

Wilhelm Wundt's laboratory work involved experimental studies of:

reactions to sensory stimulation.