Cap's AP Psych Chapter 1 - Test (Ex 4)
Who used the method of introspection to scientifically identify basic elements of mind?
Edward Titchener
The method of introspection was used by Titchener to identify:
elements of sensory experience.
The ideas of Francis Bacon provided an impetus for what came to be known as:
empiricism
Who was a student of William James and the first female president of the American Psychological Association?
Mary Calkins
Humanistic psychologists focused attention on the importance of:
healthy growth potential
Professor Reed attempts to assess the relative contributions of heredity and home environment on children's susceptibility to depression. Her research best illustrates the concerns of the ________ perspective.
behavior genetics
Which perspective is most directly concerned with assessing the relative impact of both nature and nurture on our psychological traits?
behavior genetics
In the 1960s, humanistic psychologists considered the approach advanced by behaviorists to be excessively:
mechanistic
Socrates, Plato, and Descartes believed that:
mind and body are distinct and separable
Which perspective is most directly concerned with how the physical properties of the brain influence behaviors and mental states?
neuroscience
Which perspective is most relevant to understanding the impact of strokes and brain diseases on memory?
neuroscience
In the context of debates regarding the origins of knowledge, Aristotle is to ________ as Plato is to ________.
nurture; nature
The personality theorist, Sigmund Freud, was an Austrian:
physician
The unreliability of introspection contributed to the waning popularity of:
structuralism
The distinctive feature of the psychodynamic perspective is its emphasis on:
unconscious conflicts
The first psychological laboratory was established by:
Wilhelm Wundt
Contemporary psychology is best defined as the scientific study of:
behavior and mental processes
Which philosopher would have been most enthusiastic about modern empiricism?
Aristotle
The inheritance of behavioral characteristics was emphasized by:
Charles Darwin
Who highlighted the reproductive advantages of environmentally adaptive traits?
Charles Darwin
Who most clearly emphasized that the immaterial mind was distinct from the body?
Descartes
The early school of psychology known as functionalism was developed by:
James
Who suggested that animal spirits flow through the nerves so as to produce movements of the body?
René Descartes
Which of the following psychologists most clearly rejected the value of introspection?
Watson
Who would have been most likely to ignore mental processes and to define psychology as "the scientific study of observable behavior"?
Watson
Mark believes that people are genetically predisposed to dislike bitter-tasting foods because this has enhanced human survival. His belief best illustrates the ________ perspective.
evolutionary
Professor Crisman believes that most women prefer tall and physically strong partners because this preference enhanced the survival of our ancestors' genes. This viewpoint best illustrates the ________ perspective.
evolutionary
Which perspective highlights the reproductive advantages of inherited psychological traits?
evolutionary
William James was a prominent American:
functionalist
Research participants were asked to monitor and report their own immediate sensory reactions to differently colored objects. This research involved a technique known as:
introspection
Research participants who carefully observe and report their immediate reactions and feelings in response to different musical sounds are using the method known as:
introspection
The self-reflective observation of one's own sensations and feelings is called:
introspection
The biopsychosocial approach provides an understanding of social-cultural influences integrated within the larger framework of:
multiple levels of analysis
The survival of organisms best suited to a particular environment is known as:
natural selection
Arguments as to whether psychological differences between men and women result from biological or social influences most clearly involve a debate over the issue of:
nature versus nurture
In a class lecture, Professor Hampton emphasized the extent to which abnormal blood chemistry can contribute to psychological disorders. The professor's lecture highlighted a ________ perspective on psychological disorders.
neuroscience
Professor Lopez believes that severe depression results primarily from an imbalanced diet and abnormal brain chemistry. Professor Lopez favors a ________ perspective on depression.
neuroscience
Wilhelm Wundt's laboratory work involved experimental studies of:
reactions to sensory stimulation.