Carbohydrates-monosaccharides, Disaccharides, & Polysaccharides

5 Monosaccharides (Monomers of carbohydrates)

Glucose Fructose Galactose Deoxyribose Ribose

MALTOSE made up of?

Glucose & Glucose

SUCROSE made up of?

Glucose & fructose

Chemicals that are sugars often have names ending in?

"-ose". For example, note the suffix "-ose" in fructose, glucose, galactose, sucrose, lactose, and maltose.

Definition of a sugar?

A carbohydrate that is soluble in water. Sugars are usually crystalline and have a sweet taste.

LACTOSE made up of ?

Galactose & Glucose

Polysaccharides are

Long branching chains (polymers) of linked monosaccharides.

Monosaccharides are?

Monosaccharides are simple ("unit") sugars.

Cellulose is a?

Polysaccharide. •Chemically, consists of long chains of glucose (a monosaccharide ) molecules •Forms the structure of some plants •Indigestible by humans but digestible by some other animals. •Valuable in human diet as source of dietary fibre.

Starch is a?

Polysaccharide. •Chemically, consists of long chains of glucose (a monosaccharide) molecules •Formed by plants during photosynthesis •Present in many plant-based food sources, such as root vegetables. e.g. potatoes, cereals e.g. and pulses.

Dextrin is a?

Polysaccharide. •Formed when starchy foods (i.e. foods that contain starch, such as bread or potatoes) are baked or toasted. Dextrin is formed as part of the dry "crust" •Dextrin is more soluble than starch

Glycogen is a?

Polysaccharide. •The stored form of glucose (glucose is a monosaccharide) present in animals including humans. •Energy stored within the body, stored within muscles and the liver and brain •Humans store sufficient glycogen for 24 hours

Pectin is a?

Polysaccharide. •Present in the roots and/or fruits of certain plants e.g. types of plums and apples •Pectin forms a gel in water and has uses for setting jam and making various sweet foods. •Sometimes used as a vegan alternative to gelatin (also known as gelatine) in the preparation of "set" or glazed foods because the beef (cow) or pork (pig) origin of gelatin is not acceptable to some people. •Pectin forms a complex polysaccharide

Carbohydrates include?

Sugars & the polymers of sugars

Disaccharides consist of?

molecules whose form is that of two monosaccharide molecules joined together.

ogliosaccharides

short-chain carbohydrates 3- 10 monomers and can be found as glycolipids embedded in the cell membranes

Fructose (Sugar)

•Also known as "Fruit Sugar" •Main sources are many kinds of fruits, as well as honey.

Galactose(sugar)

•Present in mammals' milk, hence associated with diary products •Provides mammilian infants with a source of energy

Characteristics of monosaccharides?

•Soluble in water •Sweetness varies (with individual monosaccharide)

Types of Polysaccharides(5)

•Starch •Dextrin •Cellulose •Pectin •Glycogen

Glucose(sugar)

•Very important in animal (including human) physiology, diet and nutrition •because GLUCOSE IS THE FORM OF SUGAR THAT IS USED BY THE BODY FOR ENERGY. •All other carbohydrates, including all other sugars, are converted into glucose within the digestive system (digestive processes) •Present in various forms of vegetation including many ripe fruits as well as onions and beetroot.