Cardiovascular System
The correct sequence of layers of a typical blood vessel, from superficial to deep, are ________. A) tunica media, tunica intima, tunica externa B) tunica media, tunica externa, tunica intima C) tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima D) tunica externa, tunica intima, tunica media E) tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa
tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima
The vessel that carries oxygenated and nutrient-rich blood to the fetus is the ________. A) hepatic portal vein B) umbilical vein C) ductus arteriosus D) umbilical artery
umbilical vein
Large veins have ________ to prevent the backflow of blood. A) tunics B) sphincters C) valves D) shunts
valves
The narrowing of blood vessels is known as ________. A) vasodilation B) diastole C) vasoconstriction D) systole
vasoconstriction
Which of the following vessels has the lowest blood pressure? A) veins B) capillaries C) venae cavae D) arteries E) arterioles
venae cavae
During mid-to-late diastole, blood flows from the atria to the ________. A) ventricles B) lungs C) aorta D) pulmonary trunk
ventricles
Capillary beds are drained by vessels known as ________. A) venules B) venae cavae C) arterioles D) arteries
venules
The mitral valve is normally closed ________. A) when the ventricle is in diastole B) when the ventricle is in systole C) when the atrium is contracting D) by the movement of blood from the atrium to the ventricle E) when the ventricle is relaxed
when the ventricle is in systole
Which of the following hormones promotes sodium ion reabsorption by the kidney in order to increase blood pressure and blood volume? A) glucagon B) thyroxine C) epinephrine D) aldosterone E) antidiuretic hormone
aldosterone
Which blood vessels are direct branches of the left coronary artery? A) circumflex and marginal arteries B) anterior and posterior interventricular arteries C) anterior interventricular and marginal arteries D) anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries E) posterior interventricular and marginal arteries
anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries
Blood leaves the left ventricle through an artery known as the ________. A) pulmonary trunk B) aorta C) superior vena cava D) coronary sinus
aorta
The largest artery in the body is the ________. A) brachiocephalic artery B) pulmonary trunk C) aorta D) common carotid artery
aorta
Which of these pathways correctly traces blood as it travels from the aortic arch to the left arm? A) aortic arch, brachiocephalic trunk, right common carotid artery B) aortic arch, left common carotid artery, left internal carotid artery C) aortic arch, left subclavian artery, left axillary artery, left brachial artery D) ascending aorta, right coronary arteries E) abdominal aorta, celiac trunk, left gastric artery
aortic arch, left subclavian artery, left axillary artery, left brachial artery
Which valve guards the base of the aorta and opens when the ventricles are contracting? A) mitral valve B) aortic semilunar valve C) bicuspid valve D) pulmonary semilunar valve E) tricuspid valve
aortic semilunar valve
The pointed, inferior portion of the heart, known as the ________, rests on the diaphragm and is oriented toward the left hip. A) base B) mediastinum C) apex D) pericardium
apex
Large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called ________. A) arteries B) capillaries C) veins D) venae cavae
arteries
The path of blood flow within the systemic vascular system is ________. A) arterioles, arteries, capillary beds, venules, veins B) arterioles, arteries, capillary beds, veins, venules C) arterioles, arteries, venules, veins, capillary beds D) arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, veins, venules E) arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, venules, veins
arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, venules, veins
The two superior receiving chambers of the heart are known as the ________, while the two inferior discharging chambers of the heart are known as the ________. A) ventricles; atria B) atria; ventricles C) arteries; veins D) veins; arteries
atria; ventricles
The first heart sound, "lub," is caused by the closure of the ________ valves. A) semilunar B) pulmonary C) atrioventricular (AV) D) aortic
atrioventricular (AV)
The valves located between the atria and ventricles are known as the ________ valves. A) pulmonary B) atrioventricular (AV) C) aortic D) semilunar
atrioventricular (AV)
Substances tend to leave the bloodstream at the arterial end of the capillary because ________. A) the osmotic pressure of the blood is higher at the arterial end of the capillary B) the osmotic pressure of the blood is higher at the venule end of the capillary C) blood pressure is higher at the arterial end of the capillary D) blood pressure is higher at the venule end of the capillary E) interstitial pressure is higher at the arterial end of the capillary
blood pressure is higher at the arterial end of the capillary
Fluid tends to be forced out of a capillary bed by ________ while ________ tends to draw fluid into the capillary bed. A) systolic pressure; diastolic pressure B) blood pressure; osmotic pressure C) osmotic pressure; diastolic pressure D) osmotic pressure; blood pressure
blood pressure; osmotic pressure
Pulmonary arteries transport ________. A) oxygenated blood to the lungs B) blood rich in carbon dioxide to the lungs C) oxygenated blood to the heart D) oxygenated blood directly to the aorta E) blood rich in carbon dioxide to the right atrium of the heart
blood rich in carbon dioxide to the lungs
Which vein returns blood to the superior vena cava? A) brachiocephalic vein B) renal vein C) hepatic portal vein D) common iliac vein E) great saphenous vein
brachiocephalic vein
Which type of vessel is constructed only from tunica intima? A) arteries B) arterioles C) capillaries D) veins E) venules
capillaries
Which of the following arteries is the first branch of the abdominal aorta? A) splenic artery B) superior mesenteric artery C) celiac artery D) femoral artery E) hepatic artery
celiac artery
The tiny white cords that anchor the cusps or flaps of endocardium to the walls of the ventricles are called the ________. A) chordae tendineae B) ligamentum arteriosum C) ductus venosus D) myocardium
chordae tendineae
What anchors the flaps of the atrioventricular valves to the walls of the ventricles? A) ligamentum arteriosum B) fossa ovalis C) chordae tendineae D) interatrial septum E) coronary sulcus
chordae tendineae
The heart sounds "lub" and "dup" result from ________. A) opening of the heart valves B) firing of the nodes of the intrinsic conduction system C) blood rushing through the chambers D) closure of heart valves E) contraction of the heart
closure of heart valves
The internal iliac vein empties blood directly into the ________. A) femoral vein B) common iliac vein C) superior vena cava D) hepatic portal vein E) external iliac vein
common iliac vein
When ventricles ________, the AV valves are closed. A) relax B) open C) contract D) dilate
contract
Oxygented blood nourishing the myocardium comes from vessels that branch off the aorta called ________. A) pulmonary arteries B) pulmonary veins C) coronary arteries D) venae cavae
coronary arteries
The coronary veins empty blood from the myocardium into a large vein on the posterior side of the heart known as the ________. A) pulmonary vein B) inferior vena cava C) superior vena cava D) coronary sinus
coronary sinus
Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood from cardiac circulation to the right atrium of the heart? A) coronary sulcus B) coronary artery C) coronary sinus D) circumflex artery E) pulmonary vein
coronary sinus
Which of the following is NOT a method or pathway of movement for substances traveling across a capillary wall? A) intercellular clefts B) diffusion C) endocytosis or exocytosis D) desmosomes E) fenestrated capillaries
desmosomes
The flaplike opening in the interatrial septum of the fetus through which blood is shunted directly from the right atrium to the left atrium is the ________. A) ductus arteriosus B) ligamentum arteriosum C) ductus venosus D) foramen ovale
foramen ovale
Which fetal shunt bypasses the lungs by directly connecting the right atrium and the left atrium? A) ligamentum arteriosum B) umbilical vein C) foramen ovale D) ductus arteriosus E) ductus venosus
foramen ovale
The longest veins in the body drain the leg and are the ________. A) femoral veins B) great saphenous veins C) venae cavae D) anterior and posterior tibial veins
great saphenous veins
Which of these events is NOT associated with ventricular systole? A) atrioventricular valves close B) heart is relaxed C) blood rushes out of the ventricles D) pressure in ventricles rises E) semilunar valves open
heart is relaxed
The vagus nerve operates under the control of the parasympathetic nervous system and causes the ________. A) heart rate to decrease B) heart rate to increase, then decrease C) heart rate to increase D) blood pressure to increase
heart rate to decrease
The single vessel that drains blood from the digestive tract organs to the liver is the ________. A) hepatic vein B) hepatic portal vein C) renal vein D) inferior vena cava
hepatic portal vein
Sustained elevated arterial blood pressure above 140/90 mm Hg is a condition known as ________. A) hypertension (high blood pressure) B) orthostatic hypotension C) circulatory shock D) myocardial infarction
hypertension (high blood pressure)
What structure divides the left atrium from the right atrium? A) interventricular septum B) interatrial septum C) bicuspid valve D) tricuspid valve E) chordae tendineae
interatrial septum
Branches of the common carotid arteries, known as the ________, travel through the neck into the skull through the temporal bone to supply the brain and cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) with blood. A) external carotid arteries B) internal carotid arteries C) brachiocephalic trunk D) subclavian arteries
internal carotid arteries
The partition where the bundle branches are located is called the ________. A) left atrioventricular groove B) interatrial septum C) interventricular septum D) right atrioventricular groove
interventricular septum
The organs served by the renal arteries and veins are the ________. A) ovaries B) kidneys C) testes D) lungs
kidneys
The four pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to this chamber
left atrium
Heart chamber with the thickest wall
left ventricle
Inferior discharging chamber on the left side of the heart
left ventricle
Roof of this chamber contains the bicuspid valve
left ventricle
The walls of the ________ are substantially thicker because that chamber acts as the more powerful systemic pump of the heart. A) left atrium B) left ventricle C) right atrium D) right ventricle
left ventricle
When the ventricles contract, the bicuspid (mitral) valve prevents blood from flowing from the ________. A) right ventricle to the right atrium B) left ventricle to the left atrium C) left atrium to the right atrium D) right atrium to the left atrium E) left ventricle to the right ventricle
left ventricle to the left atrium
The sinoatrial (SA) node is indicated by ________.
letter A
The atrioventricular (AV) node is indicated by ________.
letter B
The atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His) is represented by ________.
letter C
The bundle branches are indicated by ________.
letter D
The Purkinje fibers are indicated by ________.
letter E
What is the effect of parasympathetic nervous system control on the vascular system? A) little to no effect B) heart rate increases C) blood pressure increases D) vasoconstriction E) epinephrine release brings about many changes
little to no effect
What organ receives blood from the hepatic portal vein? A) liver B) kidney C) pancreas D) large intestine E) brain
liver
Pulmonary circulation involves blood flow to and from the heart and the ________. A) body B) digestive organs C) skin D) lungs E) brain
lungs
Tunica ________, the middle layer of a typical blood vessel, contains smooth muscle and elastic fibers. A) intima B) externa C) media D) adventitia
media
The heart is situated within the medial section of the thoracic cavity known as the ________. A) mediastinum B) hiatus C) pleural cavity D) hilus E) diaphragm
mediastinum
The flow of blood through a capillary bed is called ________. A) pulmonary circulation B) hepatic portal circulation C) systemic circulation D) microcirculation
microcirculation
The bicuspid valve is also referred to as the ________ valve. A) mitral B) pulmonary C) semilunar D) aortic
mitral
The layer of the heart wall that receives the stimulus from letter E is called the ________.
myocardium
The external carotid artery serves the skin and muscles of the head and ________. A) armpit B) groin C) neck D) abdomen E) leg
neck
Veins ________. A) carry blood away from the heart B) branch into smaller vessels called arterioles C) transport oxygen-rich blood D) operate under high pressure E) often have valves to prevent the backflow of blood
often have valves to prevent the backflow of blood
The pressure that draws fluid into capillaries since blood has a higher solute concentration than interstitial fluid is known as ________. A) blood pressure B) systolic pressure C) osmotic pressure D) diastolic pressure
osmotic pressure
The umbilical vein carries ________. A) metabolic wastes and carbon dioxide from the fetus to the placenta B) metabolic wastes and carbon dioxide from the placenta to the fetus C) oxygen and nutrients from the fetus to the placenta D) oxygen and nutrients from the placenta to the fetus E) blood from the navel into the inferior vena cava
oxygen and nutrients from the placenta to the fetus
The sinoatrial node, located in the right atrium of the heart, is often called the ________. A) pacemaker B) pericardial cavity C) atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His) D) auricle
pacemaker
The friction blood encounters as it flows through the vessels is called ________. A) cardiac output B) stroke volume C) peripheral resistance D) blood pressure E) diastolic pressure
peripheral resistance
Arteries are normally depicted as red while veins are colored blue. The exceptions to this rule are the ________ arteries and veins. A) systemic B) hepatic C) coronary D) pulmonary
pulmonary
The transportation of blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart is known as ________ circulation. A) systemic B) cardiac C) pulmonary D) coronary
pulmonary
Which one of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood? A) superior vena cava B) inferior vena cava C) coronary sinus D) pulmonary artery E) pulmonary vein
pulmonary vein
The left atrium receives blood from the ________. A) pulmonary arteries B) superior vena cava C) aorta D) pulmonary veins E) inferior vena cava
pulmonary veins
The alternating expansion and recoil of an artery that occurs with each beat of the left ventricle creates a pressure wave known as a(n) ________. A) cardiac output B) pulse C) pressure point D) stroke volume
pulse
Which one of the following areas is NOT a pressure point? A) renal artery B) radial artery C) facial artery D) dorsalis pedis artery E) posterior tibial artery
renal artery
Which of the following blood vessels is a direct branch of the ascending aorta? A) right subclavian artery B) left internal carotid artery C) right pulmonary artery D) left brachiocephalic artery E) right and left coronary arteries
right and left coronary arteries
Heart chamber that contains the sinoatrial node
right atrium
The coronary sinus empties blood from cardiac circulation into this chamber
right atrium
The fossa ovalis is visible in this chamber
right atrium
The sinoatrial node is located in the ________. A) aorta B) right atrium C) left atrium D) right ventricle E) interventricular septum
right atrium
The tricuspid valve is located between the ________. A) right atrium and left atrium B) right atrium and right ventricle C) left ventricle and pulmonary artery D) left ventricle and aorta E) right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk
right atrium and right ventricle
Which one of the following does NOT receive blood directly from the aortic arch? A) brachiocephalic artery B) left subclavian artery C) left common carotid artery D) right common carotid artery E) thoracic aorta
right common carotid artery
Heart chamber that pumps blood to the pulmonary trunk
right ventricle
You notice a missing P wave on a patient's electrocardiogram (ECG) and believe there is a problem with the ________. A) atrioventricular (AV) node B) Purkinje fibers C) left bundle branch D) atrioventricular (AV) bundle E) sinoatrial (SA) node
sinoatrial (SA) node
Which one of the following represents the correct path for the transmission of an impulse in the intrinsic conduction system of the heart? A) atrioventricular (AV) node, sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers B) atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), sinoatrial (SA) node, Purkinje fibers, right and left bundle branches C) sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), atrioventricular (AV) node, Purkinje fibers, right and left bundle branches D) sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), atrioventricular (AV) node, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers E) sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
The volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle with each beat of the heart is called the ________. A) cardiac output B) cardiac cycle C) stroke volume D) heart rate E) diastolic pressure
stroke volume
The volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle with each heartbeat is known as ________. A) heart rate (HR) B) stroke volume (SV) C) cardiac output (CO) D) blood pressure (BP)
stroke volume (SV)
Veins draining the head and arms empty into the ________, which carries blood to the right atrium of the heart. A) superior vena cava B) inferior vena cava C) common iliac vein D) great saphenous vein
superior vena cava
The term that means heart contraction is ________. A) diastole B) tachycardia C) systole D) fibrillation
systole
Coronary artery disease results from ________. A) persistent parasympathetic nervous system stimulation of the heart B) the accumulation of fatty substances within blood vessels C) temporary loss of oxygen to the heart D) incompetent venous valves E) scar tissue in the myocardium of the heart from repeated myocardial infarctions
the accumulation of fatty substances within blood vessels
The length of the cardiac cycle is normally ________ second(s) in length. A) 2 B) 4 C) 0.8 D) 0.3
0.8
A person with a heart rate of 75 beats per minute and a stroke volume of 60 mL per beat has a cardiac output of ________. A) 4500 mL/minute B) 1.25 mL/minute C) 0.8 mL/minute D) 6000 mL/minute E) 120 mL/minute
4500 mL/minute
The average heart beats about ________ times per minute. A) 35 B) 50 C) 75 D) 105
75
The electrocardiogram (ECG) wave that results from the firing of the sinoatrial (SA) node is the ________ wave. A) QRS B) T C) P D) S-T
P
The brachial vein ________. A) drains blood from the radial and ulnar veins, then empties that blood into the axillary vein B) drains blood from the internal jugular vein, then empties that blood into the superior vena cava C) drains blood from the popliteal vein, then empties that blood into the external iliac vein D) drains blood from the axillary vein, then empties that blood into the superior vena cava E) drains blood from the popliteal vein, then empties that blood into the femoral vein
drains blood from the radial and ulnar veins, then empties that blood into the axillary vein
The layer of the heart wall synonymous with the visceral layer of the serous pericardium is ________. A) myocardium B) endocardium C) epicardium D) parietal layer of the serous pericardium E) either endocardium or epicardium
epicardium
The visceral layer of the serous pericardium is actually the same layer as the ________. A) epicardium B) myocardium C) fibrous pericardium D) endocardium
epicardium
Which of the following increases heart rate? A) low levels of calcium B) parasympathetic nervous system stimulation C) vagus nerve stimulation D) cold E) epinephrine
epinephrine