Cardiovascular System

The correct sequence of layers of a typical blood vessel, from superficial to deep, are ________. A) tunica media, tunica intima, tunica externa B) tunica media, tunica externa, tunica intima C) tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima D) tunica externa, tunica intima, tunica media E) tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa

tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima

The vessel that carries oxygenated and nutrient-rich blood to the fetus is the ________. A) hepatic portal vein B) umbilical vein C) ductus arteriosus D) umbilical artery

umbilical vein

Large veins have ________ to prevent the backflow of blood. A) tunics B) sphincters C) valves D) shunts

valves

The narrowing of blood vessels is known as ________. A) vasodilation B) diastole C) vasoconstriction D) systole

vasoconstriction

Which of the following vessels has the lowest blood pressure? A) veins B) capillaries C) venae cavae D) arteries E) arterioles

venae cavae

During mid-to-late diastole, blood flows from the atria to the ________. A) ventricles B) lungs C) aorta D) pulmonary trunk

ventricles

Capillary beds are drained by vessels known as ________. A) venules B) venae cavae C) arterioles D) arteries

venules

The mitral valve is normally closed ________. A) when the ventricle is in diastole B) when the ventricle is in systole C) when the atrium is contracting D) by the movement of blood from the atrium to the ventricle E) when the ventricle is relaxed

when the ventricle is in systole

Which of the following hormones promotes sodium ion reabsorption by the kidney in order to increase blood pressure and blood volume? A) glucagon B) thyroxine C) epinephrine D) aldosterone E) antidiuretic hormone

aldosterone

Which blood vessels are direct branches of the left coronary artery? A) circumflex and marginal arteries B) anterior and posterior interventricular arteries C) anterior interventricular and marginal arteries D) anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries E) posterior interventricular and marginal arteries

anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries

Blood leaves the left ventricle through an artery known as the ________. A) pulmonary trunk B) aorta C) superior vena cava D) coronary sinus

aorta

The largest artery in the body is the ________. A) brachiocephalic artery B) pulmonary trunk C) aorta D) common carotid artery

aorta

Which of these pathways correctly traces blood as it travels from the aortic arch to the left arm? A) aortic arch, brachiocephalic trunk, right common carotid artery B) aortic arch, left common carotid artery, left internal carotid artery C) aortic arch, left subclavian artery, left axillary artery, left brachial artery D) ascending aorta, right coronary arteries E) abdominal aorta, celiac trunk, left gastric artery

aortic arch, left subclavian artery, left axillary artery, left brachial artery

Which valve guards the base of the aorta and opens when the ventricles are contracting? A) mitral valve B) aortic semilunar valve C) bicuspid valve D) pulmonary semilunar valve E) tricuspid valve

aortic semilunar valve

The pointed, inferior portion of the heart, known as the ________, rests on the diaphragm and is oriented toward the left hip. A) base B) mediastinum C) apex D) pericardium

apex

Large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called ________. A) arteries B) capillaries C) veins D) venae cavae

arteries

The path of blood flow within the systemic vascular system is ________. A) arterioles, arteries, capillary beds, venules, veins B) arterioles, arteries, capillary beds, veins, venules C) arterioles, arteries, venules, veins, capillary beds D) arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, veins, venules E) arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, venules, veins

arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, venules, veins

The two superior receiving chambers of the heart are known as the ________, while the two inferior discharging chambers of the heart are known as the ________. A) ventricles; atria B) atria; ventricles C) arteries; veins D) veins; arteries

atria; ventricles

The first heart sound, "lub," is caused by the closure of the ________ valves. A) semilunar B) pulmonary C) atrioventricular (AV) D) aortic

atrioventricular (AV)

The valves located between the atria and ventricles are known as the ________ valves. A) pulmonary B) atrioventricular (AV) C) aortic D) semilunar

atrioventricular (AV)

Substances tend to leave the bloodstream at the arterial end of the capillary because ________. A) the osmotic pressure of the blood is higher at the arterial end of the capillary B) the osmotic pressure of the blood is higher at the venule end of the capillary C) blood pressure is higher at the arterial end of the capillary D) blood pressure is higher at the venule end of the capillary E) interstitial pressure is higher at the arterial end of the capillary

blood pressure is higher at the arterial end of the capillary

Fluid tends to be forced out of a capillary bed by ________ while ________ tends to draw fluid into the capillary bed. A) systolic pressure; diastolic pressure B) blood pressure; osmotic pressure C) osmotic pressure; diastolic pressure D) osmotic pressure; blood pressure

blood pressure; osmotic pressure

Pulmonary arteries transport ________. A) oxygenated blood to the lungs B) blood rich in carbon dioxide to the lungs C) oxygenated blood to the heart D) oxygenated blood directly to the aorta E) blood rich in carbon dioxide to the right atrium of the heart

blood rich in carbon dioxide to the lungs

Which vein returns blood to the superior vena cava? A) brachiocephalic vein B) renal vein C) hepatic portal vein D) common iliac vein E) great saphenous vein

brachiocephalic vein

Which type of vessel is constructed only from tunica intima? A) arteries B) arterioles C) capillaries D) veins E) venules

capillaries

Which of the following arteries is the first branch of the abdominal aorta? A) splenic artery B) superior mesenteric artery C) celiac artery D) femoral artery E) hepatic artery

celiac artery

The tiny white cords that anchor the cusps or flaps of endocardium to the walls of the ventricles are called the ________. A) chordae tendineae B) ligamentum arteriosum C) ductus venosus D) myocardium

chordae tendineae

What anchors the flaps of the atrioventricular valves to the walls of the ventricles? A) ligamentum arteriosum B) fossa ovalis C) chordae tendineae D) interatrial septum E) coronary sulcus

chordae tendineae

The heart sounds "lub" and "dup" result from ________. A) opening of the heart valves B) firing of the nodes of the intrinsic conduction system C) blood rushing through the chambers D) closure of heart valves E) contraction of the heart

closure of heart valves

The internal iliac vein empties blood directly into the ________. A) femoral vein B) common iliac vein C) superior vena cava D) hepatic portal vein E) external iliac vein

common iliac vein

When ventricles ________, the AV valves are closed. A) relax B) open C) contract D) dilate

contract

Oxygented blood nourishing the myocardium comes from vessels that branch off the aorta called ________. A) pulmonary arteries B) pulmonary veins C) coronary arteries D) venae cavae

coronary arteries

The coronary veins empty blood from the myocardium into a large vein on the posterior side of the heart known as the ________. A) pulmonary vein B) inferior vena cava C) superior vena cava D) coronary sinus

coronary sinus

Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood from cardiac circulation to the right atrium of the heart? A) coronary sulcus B) coronary artery C) coronary sinus D) circumflex artery E) pulmonary vein

coronary sinus

Which of the following is NOT a method or pathway of movement for substances traveling across a capillary wall? A) intercellular clefts B) diffusion C) endocytosis or exocytosis D) desmosomes E) fenestrated capillaries

desmosomes

The flaplike opening in the interatrial septum of the fetus through which blood is shunted directly from the right atrium to the left atrium is the ________. A) ductus arteriosus B) ligamentum arteriosum C) ductus venosus D) foramen ovale

foramen ovale

Which fetal shunt bypasses the lungs by directly connecting the right atrium and the left atrium? A) ligamentum arteriosum B) umbilical vein C) foramen ovale D) ductus arteriosus E) ductus venosus

foramen ovale

The longest veins in the body drain the leg and are the ________. A) femoral veins B) great saphenous veins C) venae cavae D) anterior and posterior tibial veins

great saphenous veins

Which of these events is NOT associated with ventricular systole? A) atrioventricular valves close B) heart is relaxed C) blood rushes out of the ventricles D) pressure in ventricles rises E) semilunar valves open

heart is relaxed

The vagus nerve operates under the control of the parasympathetic nervous system and causes the ________. A) heart rate to decrease B) heart rate to increase, then decrease C) heart rate to increase D) blood pressure to increase

heart rate to decrease

The single vessel that drains blood from the digestive tract organs to the liver is the ________. A) hepatic vein B) hepatic portal vein C) renal vein D) inferior vena cava

hepatic portal vein

Sustained elevated arterial blood pressure above 140/90 mm Hg is a condition known as ________. A) hypertension (high blood pressure) B) orthostatic hypotension C) circulatory shock D) myocardial infarction

hypertension (high blood pressure)

What structure divides the left atrium from the right atrium? A) interventricular septum B) interatrial septum C) bicuspid valve D) tricuspid valve E) chordae tendineae

interatrial septum

Branches of the common carotid arteries, known as the ________, travel through the neck into the skull through the temporal bone to supply the brain and cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) with blood. A) external carotid arteries B) internal carotid arteries C) brachiocephalic trunk D) subclavian arteries

internal carotid arteries

The partition where the bundle branches are located is called the ________. A) left atrioventricular groove B) interatrial septum C) interventricular septum D) right atrioventricular groove

interventricular septum

The organs served by the renal arteries and veins are the ________. A) ovaries B) kidneys C) testes D) lungs

kidneys

The four pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to this chamber

left atrium

Heart chamber with the thickest wall

left ventricle

Inferior discharging chamber on the left side of the heart

left ventricle

Roof of this chamber contains the bicuspid valve

left ventricle

The walls of the ________ are substantially thicker because that chamber acts as the more powerful systemic pump of the heart. A) left atrium B) left ventricle C) right atrium D) right ventricle

left ventricle

When the ventricles contract, the bicuspid (mitral) valve prevents blood from flowing from the ________. A) right ventricle to the right atrium B) left ventricle to the left atrium C) left atrium to the right atrium D) right atrium to the left atrium E) left ventricle to the right ventricle

left ventricle to the left atrium

The sinoatrial (SA) node is indicated by ________.

letter A

The atrioventricular (AV) node is indicated by ________.

letter B

The atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His) is represented by ________.

letter C

The bundle branches are indicated by ________.

letter D

The Purkinje fibers are indicated by ________.

letter E

What is the effect of parasympathetic nervous system control on the vascular system? A) little to no effect B) heart rate increases C) blood pressure increases D) vasoconstriction E) epinephrine release brings about many changes

little to no effect

What organ receives blood from the hepatic portal vein? A) liver B) kidney C) pancreas D) large intestine E) brain

liver

Pulmonary circulation involves blood flow to and from the heart and the ________. A) body B) digestive organs C) skin D) lungs E) brain

lungs

Tunica ________, the middle layer of a typical blood vessel, contains smooth muscle and elastic fibers. A) intima B) externa C) media D) adventitia

media

The heart is situated within the medial section of the thoracic cavity known as the ________. A) mediastinum B) hiatus C) pleural cavity D) hilus E) diaphragm

mediastinum

The flow of blood through a capillary bed is called ________. A) pulmonary circulation B) hepatic portal circulation C) systemic circulation D) microcirculation

microcirculation

The bicuspid valve is also referred to as the ________ valve. A) mitral B) pulmonary C) semilunar D) aortic

mitral

The layer of the heart wall that receives the stimulus from letter E is called the ________.

myocardium

The external carotid artery serves the skin and muscles of the head and ________. A) armpit B) groin C) neck D) abdomen E) leg

neck

Veins ________. A) carry blood away from the heart B) branch into smaller vessels called arterioles C) transport oxygen-rich blood D) operate under high pressure E) often have valves to prevent the backflow of blood

often have valves to prevent the backflow of blood

The pressure that draws fluid into capillaries since blood has a higher solute concentration than interstitial fluid is known as ________. A) blood pressure B) systolic pressure C) osmotic pressure D) diastolic pressure

osmotic pressure

The umbilical vein carries ________. A) metabolic wastes and carbon dioxide from the fetus to the placenta B) metabolic wastes and carbon dioxide from the placenta to the fetus C) oxygen and nutrients from the fetus to the placenta D) oxygen and nutrients from the placenta to the fetus E) blood from the navel into the inferior vena cava

oxygen and nutrients from the placenta to the fetus

The sinoatrial node, located in the right atrium of the heart, is often called the ________. A) pacemaker B) pericardial cavity C) atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His) D) auricle

pacemaker

The friction blood encounters as it flows through the vessels is called ________. A) cardiac output B) stroke volume C) peripheral resistance D) blood pressure E) diastolic pressure

peripheral resistance

Arteries are normally depicted as red while veins are colored blue. The exceptions to this rule are the ________ arteries and veins. A) systemic B) hepatic C) coronary D) pulmonary

pulmonary

The transportation of blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart is known as ________ circulation. A) systemic B) cardiac C) pulmonary D) coronary

pulmonary

Which one of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood? A) superior vena cava B) inferior vena cava C) coronary sinus D) pulmonary artery E) pulmonary vein

pulmonary vein

The left atrium receives blood from the ________. A) pulmonary arteries B) superior vena cava C) aorta D) pulmonary veins E) inferior vena cava

pulmonary veins

The alternating expansion and recoil of an artery that occurs with each beat of the left ventricle creates a pressure wave known as a(n) ________. A) cardiac output B) pulse C) pressure point D) stroke volume

pulse

Which one of the following areas is NOT a pressure point? A) renal artery B) radial artery C) facial artery D) dorsalis pedis artery E) posterior tibial artery

renal artery

Which of the following blood vessels is a direct branch of the ascending aorta? A) right subclavian artery B) left internal carotid artery C) right pulmonary artery D) left brachiocephalic artery E) right and left coronary arteries

right and left coronary arteries

Heart chamber that contains the sinoatrial node

right atrium

The coronary sinus empties blood from cardiac circulation into this chamber

right atrium

The fossa ovalis is visible in this chamber

right atrium

The sinoatrial node is located in the ________. A) aorta B) right atrium C) left atrium D) right ventricle E) interventricular septum

right atrium

The tricuspid valve is located between the ________. A) right atrium and left atrium B) right atrium and right ventricle C) left ventricle and pulmonary artery D) left ventricle and aorta E) right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk

right atrium and right ventricle

Which one of the following does NOT receive blood directly from the aortic arch? A) brachiocephalic artery B) left subclavian artery C) left common carotid artery D) right common carotid artery E) thoracic aorta

right common carotid artery

Heart chamber that pumps blood to the pulmonary trunk

right ventricle

You notice a missing P wave on a patient's electrocardiogram (ECG) and believe there is a problem with the ________. A) atrioventricular (AV) node B) Purkinje fibers C) left bundle branch D) atrioventricular (AV) bundle E) sinoatrial (SA) node

sinoatrial (SA) node

Which one of the following represents the correct path for the transmission of an impulse in the intrinsic conduction system of the heart? A) atrioventricular (AV) node, sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers B) atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), sinoatrial (SA) node, Purkinje fibers, right and left bundle branches C) sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), atrioventricular (AV) node, Purkinje fibers, right and left bundle branches D) sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), atrioventricular (AV) node, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers E) sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers

sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers

The volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle with each beat of the heart is called the ________. A) cardiac output B) cardiac cycle C) stroke volume D) heart rate E) diastolic pressure

stroke volume

The volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle with each heartbeat is known as ________. A) heart rate (HR) B) stroke volume (SV) C) cardiac output (CO) D) blood pressure (BP)

stroke volume (SV)

Veins draining the head and arms empty into the ________, which carries blood to the right atrium of the heart. A) superior vena cava B) inferior vena cava C) common iliac vein D) great saphenous vein

superior vena cava

The term that means heart contraction is ________. A) diastole B) tachycardia C) systole D) fibrillation

systole

Coronary artery disease results from ________. A) persistent parasympathetic nervous system stimulation of the heart B) the accumulation of fatty substances within blood vessels C) temporary loss of oxygen to the heart D) incompetent venous valves E) scar tissue in the myocardium of the heart from repeated myocardial infarctions

the accumulation of fatty substances within blood vessels

The length of the cardiac cycle is normally ________ second(s) in length. A) 2 B) 4 C) 0.8 D) 0.3

0.8

A person with a heart rate of 75 beats per minute and a stroke volume of 60 mL per beat has a cardiac output of ________. A) 4500 mL/minute B) 1.25 mL/minute C) 0.8 mL/minute D) 6000 mL/minute E) 120 mL/minute

4500 mL/minute

The average heart beats about ________ times per minute. A) 35 B) 50 C) 75 D) 105

75

The electrocardiogram (ECG) wave that results from the firing of the sinoatrial (SA) node is the ________ wave. A) QRS B) T C) P D) S-T

P

The brachial vein ________. A) drains blood from the radial and ulnar veins, then empties that blood into the axillary vein B) drains blood from the internal jugular vein, then empties that blood into the superior vena cava C) drains blood from the popliteal vein, then empties that blood into the external iliac vein D) drains blood from the axillary vein, then empties that blood into the superior vena cava E) drains blood from the popliteal vein, then empties that blood into the femoral vein

drains blood from the radial and ulnar veins, then empties that blood into the axillary vein

The layer of the heart wall synonymous with the visceral layer of the serous pericardium is ________. A) myocardium B) endocardium C) epicardium D) parietal layer of the serous pericardium E) either endocardium or epicardium

epicardium

The visceral layer of the serous pericardium is actually the same layer as the ________. A) epicardium B) myocardium C) fibrous pericardium D) endocardium

epicardium

Which of the following increases heart rate? A) low levels of calcium B) parasympathetic nervous system stimulation C) vagus nerve stimulation D) cold E) epinephrine

epinephrine