Career Counseling QUIZ 1
What are the three information-processing domains addressed by the CIP approach?
1) Knowledge Domain 2) Decision-Making Skills Domain 3) Executive Processing Domain
Occupational Classification System
Anna Roe
Parenting Styles
Anna Roe
Theory of Personality Development and Career Choice
Anna Roe
Which theorist placed the greatest emphasis on the impact of early childhood experiences?
Anna Roe
This episode in Cochran's narrative approach reflected his recognition that achieving career goals may require significant modifications in one's situational circumstances such as child care arrangements. Cystallizing a decision Enacting a role Changing a life structure Constructing reality Founding a future narrative Composing a life history Elaborating a career problem
Changing a life structure
Which of the following concepts is most closely reflected in a child's belief that doctors are boys and nurses are girls?
Circumscription
Which of the following theories focuses on assisting clients with the decision-making step in Frank Parsons' three-step model?
Cognitive Information Processing Approach
According to Cochran, this episode requires attention to the patterns of subjective meaning a client has regarding his or her past. Crystallizing a decision Enacting a role Changing a life structure Constructing reality Founding a future narrative Composing a life history Elaborating a career problem
Composing a life history
This step in Cochran's narrative therapy calls for clients to experience first-hand what careers of interest actually entail through activities such as job shadowing. Crystallizing a decision Enacting a role Changing a life structure Constructing reality Founding a future narrative Composing a life history Elaborating a career problem
Constructing reality
When the action episodes confirm the client's hope that the career path being considered is one which will be rewarding, Cochran would say this has occurred. Crystallizing a decision Enacting a role Changing a life structure Constructing reality Founding a future narrative Composing a life history Elaborating a career problem
Crystallizing a decision
Life-Space, Life-Space Approach
Donald Super
Readiness
Donald Super
Roles and Theatres
Donald Super
Which theorist is associated with maxi and mini cycles?
Donald Super
Which theorist offered 14 propositions?
Donald Super
This person developed a six-step trait factor approach to providing career counseling for college students
E.G. Williamson
Personality Development
Edward Bordin
Psychodynamic Model of Career Choice and Satisfaction
Edward Bordin
The Role of Play
Edward Bordin
Which theorist placed the greatest emphasis on the id, ego and superego?
Edward Bordin
Cochran used this phrase to describe the process by which the counselor and client develop a common understanding of the career problem that prompted the client to seek career counseling. Crystallizing a decision Enacting a role Changing a life structure Constructing reality Founding a future narrative Composing a life history Elaborating a career problem
Elaborating a career problem
Fantasy, Tentative and Realistic Choices
Eli Ginzberg
Optimization
Eli Ginzberg
Theory of Occupational Choice
Eli Ginzberg
Which theorist was an economist?
Eli Ginzberg
Cochran suggested that clients begin making intentional choices to spend their time in activities consistent with their new career goals. Doing so reflects which of the following steps in Cochran's model? Crystallizing a decision Enacting a role Changing a life structure Constructing reality Founding a future narrative Composing a life history Elaborating a career problem
Enacting a role
A major emphasis of narrative theories is helping clients replace the stories they have told themselves with the objective reality.
FALSE
A strength of Roe's theory is the substantial research support for the basic tenets of her theory.
FALSE
According to the Theory of Personality Development and Choice, people working in the sciences and technology are likely to have had over-demanding parents who concentrated their attention on their children.
FALSE
Although Holland identified 6 personality types, he didn't address how these personalities develop.
FALSE
Bordin believed that career choice is determined exclusively by an individual's expression of their unconscious personality structure.
FALSE
Bordin's theory focused on how the parenting styles experienced during childhood affect an individual's later career choices.
FALSE
E.G. Williamson developed a three-step process of trait factor counseling.
FALSE
Ginzberg referred to the internalization of external pressures as compulsions.
FALSE
Gottfredson contended that the primary reason people eliminate career options from consideration is that they lack interest or ability in them.
FALSE
Gottfredson has remained firm in her beliefs that early socialization experiences are the most influential factors influencing career choice.
FALSE
Gottfredson's zone of acceptable alternatives reflects her awareness that most children experience pressure to limit their career choices to a zone in which their parents will offer at least a modicum of approval.
FALSE
Holland referred to the difference between a person's highest numerical score and the lowest numerical score on the SDS as calculus.
FALSE
In Super's theory, the concept of career adaptability is most appropriate for use with adolescents and the concept of career maturity is most appropriate for use with adults.
FALSE
In career counseling, it is best to choose one specific theory and use it exclusively in your work with clients.
FALSE
In the CIP Approach's CASVE model, the C stands for communication and refers to the importance of clients talking with the counselor about their career concerns.
FALSE
Like Frank Parsons, Donald Super came into the profession of career counseling very late in his life after having worked in several other fields.
FALSE
Recycling is a concept in Super's theory that refers to the importance of carefully reviewing one's career options and going back through the advantages and disadvantages of each option before making a final choice.
FALSE
Savickas' approach to career counseling has remained relatively unchanged since he first unveiled it in 2002.
FALSE
The S in the RIASEC model stands for Scientific.
FALSE
To accomplish this step, Cochran suggested using techniques such as life lines and asking clients to project beyond the present day what they would like to have happen. Crystallizing a decision Enacting a role Changing a life structure Constructing reality Founding a future narrative Composing a life history Elaborating a career problem
Founding a future narrative
This person is considered the father of counseling
Frank Parsons
Roe believed that people who experienced warm, loving acceptance during their childhood from their parents would be most likely to choose a career in which occupational grouping? Group I Group III Group V Group VII
Group I
This person developed the RIASEC hexagon
John Holland
Principles of Compromise
Linda Gottfredson
Theory of Circumscription, Compromise and Self-Creation
Linda Gottfredson
Which theorist became controversial due to research about racial differences in intelligence?
Linda Gottfredson
Which theorist placed most emphasis on socialization experiences related to sex roles and socioeconomic status? Anna Roe Edward Bordin Eli Ginzberg Donald Super Linda Gottfredson
Linda Gottfredson
Zone of Acceptable Alternatives
Linda Gottfredson
In which stage must a person decide whether to stagnate or innovate?
Maintenance
Self as Actor
Object career services
The phenomenon of people learning not only as a result of their own behaviors and the consequences they experience directly but also as a result of watching others is called ____________.
Observational learning
According to Krumboltz, career counselors should reframe a client's undecidedness as _____.
Open Mindedness
Self as Author
Project career services
This person developed a trait-factor approach for use in vocational rehabilitation counseling
Rene Dawis
Vocational Guidance
Self as Actor
Which of the following is most closely associated with a child's introjection of guides and incorporation of models? Self as Actor Self as Agent Self as Author All of the above
Self as Actor
Career Education
Self as Agent
Which of the following is most closely associated with a person's internalization of traits others have attributed to him or her? Self as Actor Self as Agent Self as Author All of the above
Self as Agent
Which of the following is most closely associated with the exercise of choice over one's educational and educational plots? Self as Actor Self as Agent Self as Author All of the above
Self as Agent
Career Counseling
Self as Author
Which of the following is most closely associated with the integration and continued development of a unique career identity? Self as Actor Self as Agent Self as Author All of the above
Self as Author
Self as Agent
Subject career service
(Theory of Work Adjustment) TWA theory includes an emphasis on how satisfactory a worker is to an employer.
TRUE
A commonality of the developmental theories of career development is their attention to the role of early childhood experiences and/or lifespan development on a person's career choices.
TRUE
A major premise of Ginzberg's theory is that occupational choice should be conceptualized as a process rather than an event.
TRUE
A major premise of Super's theory is that the choice of a career should be viewed as a way in which a person attempts to implement his or her self-concept.
TRUE
According to Gottfredson, once a career option has been eliminated from consideration, the elimination tends to be permanent.
TRUE
Cochran was interested in helping clients improve their life stories by increasing their feelings of self-efficacy in building their careers.
TRUE
Distal contextual factors are also known as background contextual affordances (or the lack thereof).
TRUE
Frank Parsons believed that no one should select a career without careful self-analysis.
TRUE
Ginzberg publicly chastized the profession of vocational guidance for having an insufficient theoretical base.
TRUE
Ginzberg's decision to revise his theory was motivated by an expansion of his own research from an exclusively upper class sample of well-educated males to a more diverse sample.
TRUE
Ginzberg's theory places emphasis on the various stages of career decision-making.
TRUE
Gottfredson has reversed herself and drawn the conclusion that innate learning abilities rather than socialization are primarily responsible for gaps in academic and career achievement.
TRUE
Narrative theories of career development are most closely associated with postmodern thought.
TRUE
Savickas' theory places relatively more importance on the development of one's sense of self than does Cochran's theory.
TRUE
Super considered it essential to assess a person's readiness to make career choices before assessing a person's interests, abilities or values.
TRUE
Super's life-career rainbow incorporates elements of both life-span and life-space.
TRUE
The Psychodynamic Model of Career Choice and Satisfaction is actually based on a blending of trait-factor theories and Carl Rogers' ideas about self-concept.
TRUE
The focus of Super's lifespan model is on how individuals develop and within their careers of choice.
TRUE
The theory of work adjustment addresses the ways in which people adjust to low levels of satisfaction at work.
TRUE
Whereas the foundational aspects of her theory emphasized the importance of sex-role stereotypes and socioeconomic status on the career aspirations of young people, Gottfredson has shifted her focus to intelligence levels and how they differ across racial groups.
TRUE
Whereas trait factor theorists placed emphasis on the objective assessment of aptitudes and interests and the provision of information about the world of work, Super advocated for going beyond this rational, assessment-based approach.
TRUE
An H is to instrumental learning experiences as a parallelogram is to _____.
Task Approach Skills
Explain the basic difference between social learning theory and social cognitive theory.
Whereas social learning theory emphasizes the impact of observation and modeling on a person's learned behaviors, the focus of social cognitive theory is on how an individual's internal processing of information affects his or her behavior.
Whose theory of self-efficacy served as a foundational concept for many of the learning theories of career development and career counseling? a. Bandura b. Krumboltz c. Lent, Brown & Hackett d. Peterson, Samson, Reardon & Lenz
a. Bandura
Doris's reputation for being slow to start tasks that are assigned to her would be most indicative of ___. a. Celerity b. Pace c. Flexibility d. Perseverance
a. Celerity
In the CIP Approach's CASVE model, valuing refers to which of the following? a. Choosing an occupation, program of study, or job b. Expanding and narrowing my list of options c. Knowing I need to make a choice d. Understanding myself and my options
a. Choosing an occupation, program of study, or job
Which of the following theories focuses on assisting clients with the decision-making step in Frank Parsons' three-step model? a. Cognitive Information Processing Approach b. Happenstance Learning Theory c. Learning Theory of Career Counseling d. Social Cognitive Career Theory
a. Cognitive Information Processing Approach
Which of the following theories recommends a seven-step delivery sequence? a. Cognitive Information Processing Approach b. Happenstance Learning Theory c. Learning Theory of Career Counseling d. Social Cognitive Career Theory
a. Cognitive Information Processing Approach
If you learned that Li Mei had told her parents she declared engineering as her major even though she really has no idea what she wants to do, how would the CIP approach categorize her decision status? a. Decided b. Undecided c. Indecisive d. Complex
a. Decided Author Explanation: In such a situation, the CIP Approach would categorize Li Mei as Decided-Conflict Avoidant.
Which of the following concepts addresses how long a person can tolerate a lack of correspondence before engaging in adjustment behavior? a. Flexibility b. Celerity c. Pace d. Reactiveness
a. Flexibility
The Self-Directed Search is most closely aligned with which theory? a. Person-Environment Fit Theory b. Theory of Circumscription and Compromise c. Theory of Work Adjustment d. Life-Span Life-Space Theory
a. Person-Environment Fit Theory
This theory focuses on the assessment of interests and personality. a. Person-Environment Fit Theory b. Theory of Work Adjustment c. Narrative Theory of Career Counseling d. CIP Approach
a. Person-Environment Fit Theory
The work of police officers and airline pilots is most closely aligned with which type of model work environment? a. R b. I c. A d. S e. E f. C
a. R- Realistic
Which of the following is not a feature of SCCT? a. Self-Observation Generalizations b. Self-Efficacy Beliefs c. Outcome Expectations d. Triadic Reciprocity
a. Self-Observation Generalizations
Which of the following theories views claims that career assessments are best used to stimulate learning rather than to match personal characteristics with occupational characteristics? a. Cognitive Information Approach b. Happenstance Learning Theory c. Social Cognitive Career Theory d. Social Learning Theory of Career Decision Making
b. Happenstance Learning Theory
Nuclear physicists would most likely work within which model work environment? a. R b. I c. A d. S e. E f. C
b. I- Investigative
Which of the following decision statuses involves difficulty with the executive processing domain? a. Decided-Conflict Avoidant b. Indecisive c. Undecided-Deferred Choice d. Undecided-Developmental
b. Indecisive
Which of the following theorists focused on the role of chance in career development? a. Bandura b. Krumboltz c. Lent, Brown & Hackett d. Peterson, Samson, Reardon & Lenz
b. Krumboltz
Trait factor theories are most closely associated with this state. a. Michigan b. Minnesota c. Mississippi d. Missouri
b. Minnesota
This theory focuses on the assessment of values and abilities. a. Person-Environment Fit Theory b. Theory of Work Adjustment c. Theory of Circumscription and Compromise d. CIP Approach
b. Theory of Work Adjustment
This theory offers a model to predict a worker's satisfaction and satisfactoriness. a. Person-Environment Fit Theory b. Theory of Work Adjustment c. Narrative Theory of Career Counseling d. Social Cognitive Career Theory
b. Theory of Work Adjustment
Floral designers are most likely to be overrepresented in which model work environment? a. R b. I c. A d. S e. E f. C
c. A- Artistic
Which of the following theories would recommend working with young people to assist them in experiencing positive instrumental and associative learning, developing accurate self-observation generalizations, and acquiring useful task approach skills? a. Cognitive Information Approach b. Happenstance Learning Theory c. Learning Theory of Career Counseling d. Social Cognitive Theory Career Theory
c. Learning Theory of Career Counseling
The origin of career development theories can be traced back to ____. a. The Civil War b. World War II c. The Industrial Revolution d. The Agrarian Revolution
c. The Industrial Revolution
This ability test was developed by the U.S. Army. a. Army Cognitive Ability Test b. Army Vocational Ability Test c. Army Basic Skills Battery d. Army Alpha and Beta Test
d. Army Alpha and Beta Test
Which of the following theories does NOT address the role of triadic reciprocality? a. Social Cognitive Theory b. Social Learning Theory of Career Decision Making c. Social Cognitive Career Theory d. Cognitive Information Processing Approach
d. Cognitive Information Processing Approach
Which of the following theories recommends first assessing a client's readiness to make a career decision? a. Social Learning Theory b. Social Cognitive Career Theory c. Happenstance Learning Theory d. Cognitive Information Processing Approach
d. Cognitive Information Processing Approach
The techniques of which field inspired the early trait factor theories? a. Industrial Organizational Psychology b. Social Psychology c. Behavioral Psychology d. Differential Psychology
d. Differential Psychology
Which of the following theorists focused on executive processing functions such as self-talk? a. Bandura b. Krumboltz c. Lent, Brown & Hackett d. Peterson, Samson, Reardon & Lenz
d. Peterson, Samson, Reardon & Lenz
What SCCT concept would most closely capture Lakeesha's experience of needing child care before being able to accept a job? a. Self-Efficacy Beliefs b. Outcome Expectations c. Distal Contextual Factors d. Proximal Contextual Factors
d. Proximal Contextual Factors
Which of the following concepts refers to the typical pattern of a person's pace when engaging in work activities? a. Activeness b. Endurance c. Adjustment Style d. Rhythm
d. Rhythm
In which of the RIASEC model work environments would counselors most likely to be overrepresented? a. R b. I c. A d. S e. E f. C
d. S- Social
Which of the following theories focuses most on triadic reciprocality and self-efficacy? a. Cognitive Information Processing Approach b. Happenstance Learning Theory c. Learning Theory of Career Counseling d. Social Cognitive Career Theory
d. Social Cognitive Career Theory
Which of the following theories recommends working with youth to support healthy career development by providing a broad exposure to the world, encouraging exploration of interests, promoting skill development, assisting with development of accurate self-efficacy, teaching about the world of work, and assisting with the development of accurate outcome expectations? a. Cognitive Information Processing Approach b. Happenstance Learning Theory c. Learning Theory of Career Counseling d. Social Cognitive Career Theory
d. Social Cognitive Career Theory
In which RIASEC model work environment would politicians and sales executives most likely be overrepresented? a. R b. I c. A d. S e. E f. C
e. E- Enterprising
In which RIASEC model work environment would accountants and librarians most likely be overrepresented? a. R b. I c. A d. S e. E f. C
f. C- Conventional