Career Counseling QUIZ 1

What are the three information-processing domains addressed by the CIP approach?

1) Knowledge Domain 2) Decision-Making Skills Domain 3) Executive Processing Domain

Occupational Classification System

Anna Roe

Parenting Styles

Anna Roe

Theory of Personality Development and Career Choice

Anna Roe

Which theorist placed the greatest emphasis on the impact of early childhood experiences?

Anna Roe

This episode in Cochran's narrative approach reflected his recognition that achieving career goals may require significant modifications in one's situational circumstances such as child care arrangements. Cystallizing a decision Enacting a role Changing a life structure Constructing reality Founding a future narrative Composing a life history Elaborating a career problem

Changing a life structure

Which of the following concepts is most closely reflected in a child's belief that doctors are boys and nurses are girls?

Circumscription

Which of the following theories focuses on assisting clients with the decision-making step in Frank Parsons' three-step model?

Cognitive Information Processing Approach

According to Cochran, this episode requires attention to the patterns of subjective meaning a client has regarding his or her past. Crystallizing a decision Enacting a role Changing a life structure Constructing reality Founding a future narrative Composing a life history Elaborating a career problem

Composing a life history

This step in Cochran's narrative therapy calls for clients to experience first-hand what careers of interest actually entail through activities such as job shadowing. Crystallizing a decision Enacting a role Changing a life structure Constructing reality Founding a future narrative Composing a life history Elaborating a career problem

Constructing reality

When the action episodes confirm the client's hope that the career path being considered is one which will be rewarding, Cochran would say this has occurred. Crystallizing a decision Enacting a role Changing a life structure Constructing reality Founding a future narrative Composing a life history Elaborating a career problem

Crystallizing a decision

Life-Space, Life-Space Approach

Donald Super

Readiness

Donald Super

Roles and Theatres

Donald Super

Which theorist is associated with maxi and mini cycles?

Donald Super

Which theorist offered 14 propositions?

Donald Super

This person developed a six-step trait factor approach to providing career counseling for college students

E.G. Williamson

Personality Development

Edward Bordin

Psychodynamic Model of Career Choice and Satisfaction

Edward Bordin

The Role of Play

Edward Bordin

Which theorist placed the greatest emphasis on the id, ego and superego?

Edward Bordin

Cochran used this phrase to describe the process by which the counselor and client develop a common understanding of the career problem that prompted the client to seek career counseling. Crystallizing a decision Enacting a role Changing a life structure Constructing reality Founding a future narrative Composing a life history Elaborating a career problem

Elaborating a career problem

Fantasy, Tentative and Realistic Choices

Eli Ginzberg

Optimization

Eli Ginzberg

Theory of Occupational Choice

Eli Ginzberg

Which theorist was an economist?

Eli Ginzberg

Cochran suggested that clients begin making intentional choices to spend their time in activities consistent with their new career goals. Doing so reflects which of the following steps in Cochran's model? Crystallizing a decision Enacting a role Changing a life structure Constructing reality Founding a future narrative Composing a life history Elaborating a career problem

Enacting a role

A major emphasis of narrative theories is helping clients replace the stories they have told themselves with the objective reality.

FALSE

A strength of Roe's theory is the substantial research support for the basic tenets of her theory.

FALSE

According to the Theory of Personality Development and Choice, people working in the sciences and technology are likely to have had over-demanding parents who concentrated their attention on their children.

FALSE

Although Holland identified 6 personality types, he didn't address how these personalities develop.

FALSE

Bordin believed that career choice is determined exclusively by an individual's expression of their unconscious personality structure.

FALSE

Bordin's theory focused on how the parenting styles experienced during childhood affect an individual's later career choices.

FALSE

E.G. Williamson developed a three-step process of trait factor counseling.

FALSE

Ginzberg referred to the internalization of external pressures as compulsions.

FALSE

Gottfredson contended that the primary reason people eliminate career options from consideration is that they lack interest or ability in them.

FALSE

Gottfredson has remained firm in her beliefs that early socialization experiences are the most influential factors influencing career choice.

FALSE

Gottfredson's zone of acceptable alternatives reflects her awareness that most children experience pressure to limit their career choices to a zone in which their parents will offer at least a modicum of approval.

FALSE

Holland referred to the difference between a person's highest numerical score and the lowest numerical score on the SDS as calculus.

FALSE

In Super's theory, the concept of career adaptability is most appropriate for use with adolescents and the concept of career maturity is most appropriate for use with adults.

FALSE

In career counseling, it is best to choose one specific theory and use it exclusively in your work with clients.

FALSE

In the CIP Approach's CASVE model, the C stands for communication and refers to the importance of clients talking with the counselor about their career concerns.

FALSE

Like Frank Parsons, Donald Super came into the profession of career counseling very late in his life after having worked in several other fields.

FALSE

Recycling is a concept in Super's theory that refers to the importance of carefully reviewing one's career options and going back through the advantages and disadvantages of each option before making a final choice.

FALSE

Savickas' approach to career counseling has remained relatively unchanged since he first unveiled it in 2002.

FALSE

The S in the RIASEC model stands for Scientific.

FALSE

To accomplish this step, Cochran suggested using techniques such as life lines and asking clients to project beyond the present day what they would like to have happen. Crystallizing a decision Enacting a role Changing a life structure Constructing reality Founding a future narrative Composing a life history Elaborating a career problem

Founding a future narrative

This person is considered the father of counseling

Frank Parsons

Roe believed that people who experienced warm, loving acceptance during their childhood from their parents would be most likely to choose a career in which occupational grouping? Group I Group III Group V Group VII

Group I

This person developed the RIASEC hexagon

John Holland

Principles of Compromise

Linda Gottfredson

Theory of Circumscription, Compromise and Self-Creation

Linda Gottfredson

Which theorist became controversial due to research about racial differences in intelligence?

Linda Gottfredson

Which theorist placed most emphasis on socialization experiences related to sex roles and socioeconomic status? Anna Roe Edward Bordin Eli Ginzberg Donald Super Linda Gottfredson

Linda Gottfredson

Zone of Acceptable Alternatives

Linda Gottfredson

In which stage must a person decide whether to stagnate or innovate?

Maintenance

Self as Actor

Object career services

The phenomenon of people learning not only as a result of their own behaviors and the consequences they experience directly but also as a result of watching others is called ____________.

Observational learning

According to Krumboltz, career counselors should reframe a client's undecidedness as _____.

Open Mindedness

Self as Author

Project career services

This person developed a trait-factor approach for use in vocational rehabilitation counseling

Rene Dawis

Vocational Guidance

Self as Actor

Which of the following is most closely associated with a child's introjection of guides and incorporation of models? Self as Actor Self as Agent Self as Author All of the above

Self as Actor

Career Education

Self as Agent

Which of the following is most closely associated with a person's internalization of traits others have attributed to him or her? Self as Actor Self as Agent Self as Author All of the above

Self as Agent

Which of the following is most closely associated with the exercise of choice over one's educational and educational plots? Self as Actor Self as Agent Self as Author All of the above

Self as Agent

Career Counseling

Self as Author

Which of the following is most closely associated with the integration and continued development of a unique career identity? Self as Actor Self as Agent Self as Author All of the above

Self as Author

Self as Agent

Subject career service

(Theory of Work Adjustment) TWA theory includes an emphasis on how satisfactory a worker is to an employer.

TRUE

A commonality of the developmental theories of career development is their attention to the role of early childhood experiences and/or lifespan development on a person's career choices.

TRUE

A major premise of Ginzberg's theory is that occupational choice should be conceptualized as a process rather than an event.

TRUE

A major premise of Super's theory is that the choice of a career should be viewed as a way in which a person attempts to implement his or her self-concept.

TRUE

According to Gottfredson, once a career option has been eliminated from consideration, the elimination tends to be permanent.

TRUE

Cochran was interested in helping clients improve their life stories by increasing their feelings of self-efficacy in building their careers.

TRUE

Distal contextual factors are also known as background contextual affordances (or the lack thereof).

TRUE

Frank Parsons believed that no one should select a career without careful self-analysis.

TRUE

Ginzberg publicly chastized the profession of vocational guidance for having an insufficient theoretical base.

TRUE

Ginzberg's decision to revise his theory was motivated by an expansion of his own research from an exclusively upper class sample of well-educated males to a more diverse sample.

TRUE

Ginzberg's theory places emphasis on the various stages of career decision-making.

TRUE

Gottfredson has reversed herself and drawn the conclusion that innate learning abilities rather than socialization are primarily responsible for gaps in academic and career achievement.

TRUE

Narrative theories of career development are most closely associated with postmodern thought.

TRUE

Savickas' theory places relatively more importance on the development of one's sense of self than does Cochran's theory.

TRUE

Super considered it essential to assess a person's readiness to make career choices before assessing a person's interests, abilities or values.

TRUE

Super's life-career rainbow incorporates elements of both life-span and life-space.

TRUE

The Psychodynamic Model of Career Choice and Satisfaction is actually based on a blending of trait-factor theories and Carl Rogers' ideas about self-concept.

TRUE

The focus of Super's lifespan model is on how individuals develop and within their careers of choice.

TRUE

The theory of work adjustment addresses the ways in which people adjust to low levels of satisfaction at work.

TRUE

Whereas the foundational aspects of her theory emphasized the importance of sex-role stereotypes and socioeconomic status on the career aspirations of young people, Gottfredson has shifted her focus to intelligence levels and how they differ across racial groups.

TRUE

Whereas trait factor theorists placed emphasis on the objective assessment of aptitudes and interests and the provision of information about the world of work, Super advocated for going beyond this rational, assessment-based approach.

TRUE

An H is to instrumental learning experiences as a parallelogram is to _____.

Task Approach Skills

Explain the basic difference between social learning theory and social cognitive theory.

Whereas social learning theory emphasizes the impact of observation and modeling on a person's learned behaviors, the focus of social cognitive theory is on how an individual's internal processing of information affects his or her behavior.

Whose theory of self-efficacy served as a foundational concept for many of the learning theories of career development and career counseling? a. Bandura b. Krumboltz c. Lent, Brown & Hackett d. Peterson, Samson, Reardon & Lenz

a. Bandura

Doris's reputation for being slow to start tasks that are assigned to her would be most indicative of ___. a. Celerity b. Pace c. Flexibility d. Perseverance

a. Celerity

In the CIP Approach's CASVE model, valuing refers to which of the following? a. Choosing an occupation, program of study, or job b. Expanding and narrowing my list of options c. Knowing I need to make a choice d. Understanding myself and my options

a. Choosing an occupation, program of study, or job

Which of the following theories focuses on assisting clients with the decision-making step in Frank Parsons' three-step model? a. Cognitive Information Processing Approach b. Happenstance Learning Theory c. Learning Theory of Career Counseling d. Social Cognitive Career Theory

a. Cognitive Information Processing Approach

Which of the following theories recommends a seven-step delivery sequence? a. Cognitive Information Processing Approach b. Happenstance Learning Theory c. Learning Theory of Career Counseling d. Social Cognitive Career Theory

a. Cognitive Information Processing Approach

If you learned that Li Mei had told her parents she declared engineering as her major even though she really has no idea what she wants to do, how would the CIP approach categorize her decision status? a. Decided b. Undecided c. Indecisive d. Complex

a. Decided Author Explanation: In such a situation, the CIP Approach would categorize Li Mei as Decided-Conflict Avoidant.

Which of the following concepts addresses how long a person can tolerate a lack of correspondence before engaging in adjustment behavior? a. Flexibility b. Celerity c. Pace d. Reactiveness

a. Flexibility

The Self-Directed Search is most closely aligned with which theory? a. Person-Environment Fit Theory b. Theory of Circumscription and Compromise c. Theory of Work Adjustment d. Life-Span Life-Space Theory

a. Person-Environment Fit Theory

This theory focuses on the assessment of interests and personality. a. Person-Environment Fit Theory b. Theory of Work Adjustment c. Narrative Theory of Career Counseling d. CIP Approach

a. Person-Environment Fit Theory

The work of police officers and airline pilots is most closely aligned with which type of model work environment? a. R b. I c. A d. S e. E f. C

a. R- Realistic

Which of the following is not a feature of SCCT? a. Self-Observation Generalizations b. Self-Efficacy Beliefs c. Outcome Expectations d. Triadic Reciprocity

a. Self-Observation Generalizations

Which of the following theories views claims that career assessments are best used to stimulate learning rather than to match personal characteristics with occupational characteristics? a. Cognitive Information Approach b. Happenstance Learning Theory c. Social Cognitive Career Theory d. Social Learning Theory of Career Decision Making

b. Happenstance Learning Theory

Nuclear physicists would most likely work within which model work environment? a. R b. I c. A d. S e. E f. C

b. I- Investigative

Which of the following decision statuses involves difficulty with the executive processing domain? a. Decided-Conflict Avoidant b. Indecisive c. Undecided-Deferred Choice d. Undecided-Developmental

b. Indecisive

Which of the following theorists focused on the role of chance in career development? a. Bandura b. Krumboltz c. Lent, Brown & Hackett d. Peterson, Samson, Reardon & Lenz

b. Krumboltz

Trait factor theories are most closely associated with this state. a. Michigan b. Minnesota c. Mississippi d. Missouri

b. Minnesota

This theory focuses on the assessment of values and abilities. a. Person-Environment Fit Theory b. Theory of Work Adjustment c. Theory of Circumscription and Compromise d. CIP Approach

b. Theory of Work Adjustment

This theory offers a model to predict a worker's satisfaction and satisfactoriness. a. Person-Environment Fit Theory b. Theory of Work Adjustment c. Narrative Theory of Career Counseling d. Social Cognitive Career Theory

b. Theory of Work Adjustment

Floral designers are most likely to be overrepresented in which model work environment? a. R b. I c. A d. S e. E f. C

c. A- Artistic

Which of the following theories would recommend working with young people to assist them in experiencing positive instrumental and associative learning, developing accurate self-observation generalizations, and acquiring useful task approach skills? a. Cognitive Information Approach b. Happenstance Learning Theory c. Learning Theory of Career Counseling d. Social Cognitive Theory Career Theory

c. Learning Theory of Career Counseling

The origin of career development theories can be traced back to ____. a. The Civil War b. World War II c. The Industrial Revolution d. The Agrarian Revolution

c. The Industrial Revolution

This ability test was developed by the U.S. Army. a. Army Cognitive Ability Test b. Army Vocational Ability Test c. Army Basic Skills Battery d. Army Alpha and Beta Test

d. Army Alpha and Beta Test

Which of the following theories does NOT address the role of triadic reciprocality? a. Social Cognitive Theory b. Social Learning Theory of Career Decision Making c. Social Cognitive Career Theory d. Cognitive Information Processing Approach

d. Cognitive Information Processing Approach

Which of the following theories recommends first assessing a client's readiness to make a career decision? a. Social Learning Theory b. Social Cognitive Career Theory c. Happenstance Learning Theory d. Cognitive Information Processing Approach

d. Cognitive Information Processing Approach

The techniques of which field inspired the early trait factor theories? a. Industrial Organizational Psychology b. Social Psychology c. Behavioral Psychology d. Differential Psychology

d. Differential Psychology

Which of the following theorists focused on executive processing functions such as self-talk? a. Bandura b. Krumboltz c. Lent, Brown & Hackett d. Peterson, Samson, Reardon & Lenz

d. Peterson, Samson, Reardon & Lenz

What SCCT concept would most closely capture Lakeesha's experience of needing child care before being able to accept a job? a. Self-Efficacy Beliefs b. Outcome Expectations c. Distal Contextual Factors d. Proximal Contextual Factors

d. Proximal Contextual Factors

Which of the following concepts refers to the typical pattern of a person's pace when engaging in work activities? a. Activeness b. Endurance c. Adjustment Style d. Rhythm

d. Rhythm

In which of the RIASEC model work environments would counselors most likely to be overrepresented? a. R b. I c. A d. S e. E f. C

d. S- Social

Which of the following theories focuses most on triadic reciprocality and self-efficacy? a. Cognitive Information Processing Approach b. Happenstance Learning Theory c. Learning Theory of Career Counseling d. Social Cognitive Career Theory

d. Social Cognitive Career Theory

Which of the following theories recommends working with youth to support healthy career development by providing a broad exposure to the world, encouraging exploration of interests, promoting skill development, assisting with development of accurate self-efficacy, teaching about the world of work, and assisting with the development of accurate outcome expectations? a. Cognitive Information Processing Approach b. Happenstance Learning Theory c. Learning Theory of Career Counseling d. Social Cognitive Career Theory

d. Social Cognitive Career Theory

In which RIASEC model work environment would politicians and sales executives most likely be overrepresented? a. R b. I c. A d. S e. E f. C

e. E- Enterprising

In which RIASEC model work environment would accountants and librarians most likely be overrepresented? a. R b. I c. A d. S e. E f. C

f. C- Conventional