CASP+

Edit the Action to Deny to block internet access from the management platform Edit the Action to be Permit Change the DST port to Any from 80 to allow all unencrypted traffic Enter ANY ANY ANY ANY ANY ANY TCP DENY at the bottom of the access list Edit the DST port to 443 from 80

Task 1) A rule was added to prevent the management platform from accessing the internet. This rule is not working. Identify the rule and correct this issue. Task 2) The firewall must be configured so that the SQL server can only receive requests from the web server. Task 3) The web server must be able to receive unencrypted requests from hosts inside and outside the corporate network. Task 4) Ensure the final rule is an explicit deny. Task 5) Currently the user zone can access internet websites over an unencrypted protocol. Modify a rule so that user access to websites is over secure protocols only.

B Encourage cybersecurity analysts to review open-source intelligence products and threat database to generate new IDS rules based on those sources

The Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) for an organization wants to develop custom IDS rulesets faster, prior to new rules being released by IDS vendors. Which of the following BEST meets this objective? A. Identify a third-party source for IDS rules and change the configuration on the applicable IDSs to pull in the new rulesets B. Encourage cybersecurity analysts to review open-source intelligence products and threat database to generate new IDS rules based on those sources C. Leverage the latest TCP- and UDP-related RFCs to arm sensors and IDSs with appropriate heuristics for anomaly detection D. Use annual hacking conventions to document the latest attacks and threats, and then develop IDS rules to counter those threats

C 1. Obtain the latest IOCs from the open source repositories 2. Perform a sweep across the network to identify positive matches 3. Sandbox any suspicious files 4. Notify the CERT team to apply a future proof threat model

The Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) has asked the security team to determine whether the organization is susceptible to a zero-day exploit utilized in the banking industry and whether attribution is possible. The CISO has asked what process would be utilized to gather the information, and then wants to apply signatureless controls to stop these kinds of attacks in the future. Which of the following are the MOST appropriate ordered steps to take to meet the CISO's request? A. 1. Perform the ongoing research of the best practices 2. Determine current vulnerabilities and threats 3. Apply Big Data techniques 4. Use antivirus control B. 1. Apply artificial intelligence algorithms for detection 2. Inform the CERT team 3. Research threat intelligence and potential adversaries 4. Utilize threat intelligence to apply Big Data techniques C. 1. Obtain the latest IOCs from the open source repositories 2. Perform a sweep across the network to identify positive matches 3. Sandbox any suspicious files 4. Notify the CERT team to apply a future proof threat model D. 1. Analyze the current threat intelligence 2. Utilize information sharing to obtain the latest industry IOCs 3. Perform a sweep across the network to identify positive matches 4. Apply machine learning algorithms

A, D Review the CVE database for critical exploits over the past year, Request information from security vendors and government agencies

The board of a financial services company has requested that the senior security analyst acts as a cybersecurity advisor in order to comply with recent federal legislation. The analyst is required to give a report on current cybersecurity and threat trends in the financial services industry at the next board meeting. Which of the following would be the BEST methods to prepare this report? (Choose two.) A. Review the CVE database for critical exploits over the past year B. Use social media to contact industry analysts C. Use intelligence gathered from the Internet relay chat channels D. Request information from security vendors and government agencies E. Perform a penetration test of the competitor's network and share the results with the board

A Confidential or sensitive documents are inspected by the firewall before being logged

The legal department has required that all traffic to and from a company's cloud-based word processing and email system is logged. To meet this requirement, the Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) has implemented a next-generation firewall to perform inspection of the secure traffic and has decided to use a cloud- based log aggregation solution for all traffic that is logged. Which of the following presents a long-term risk to user privacy in this scenario? A. Confidential or sensitive documents are inspected by the firewall before being logged. B. Latency when viewing videos and other online content may increase. C. Reports generated from the firewall will take longer to produce due to more information from inspected traffic. D. Stored logs may contain non-encrypted usernames and passwords for personal websites.

B Risks introduced by a system in one business unit can affect other business units in ways in which the individual business units have no awareness

The risk subcommittee of a corporate board typically maintains a master register of the most prominent risks to the company. A centralized holistic view of risk is particularly important to the corporate Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) because: A. IT systems are maintained in silos to minimize interconnected risks and provide clear risk boundaries used to implement compensating controls B. risks introduced by a system in one business unit can affect other business units in ways in which the individual business units have no awareness C. corporate general counsel requires a single system boundary to determine overall corporate risk exposure D. major risks identified by the subcommittee merit the prioritized allocation of scare funding to address cybersecurity concerns

B OLA

To meet an SLA, which of the following document should be drafted, defining the company's internal interdependent unit responsibilities and delivery timelines. A. BPA B. OLA C. MSA D. MOU

C Black box

To prepare for an upcoming audit, the Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) asks for all 1200 vulnerabilities on production servers to be remediated. The security engineer must determine which vulnerabilities represent real threats that can be exploited so resources can be prioritized to migrate the most dangerous risks. The CISO wants the security engineer to act in the same manner as would an external threat, while using vulnerability scan results to prioritize any actions. Which of the following approaches is described? A. Blue team B. Red team C. Black box D. White team

D Interconnection security agreement

Two competing companies experienced similar attacks on their networks from various threat actors. To improve response times, the companies wish to share some threat intelligence about the sources and methods of attack. Which of the following business documents would be BEST to document this engagement? A. Business partnership agreement B. Memorandum of understanding C. Service-level agreement D. Interconnection security agreement

A Accept the risk, reverse the settings for the remote location, and have the remote location file a risk exception until the legacy storage device can be upgraded

Two new technical SMB security settings have been enforced and have also become policies that increase secure communications. Network Client: Digitally sign communication Network Server: Digitally sign communication A storage administrator in a remote location with a legacy storage array, which contains time-sensitive data, reports employees can no longer connect to their department shares. Which of the following mitigation strategies should an information security manager recommend to the data owner? A. Accept the risk, reverse the settings for the remote location, and have the remote location file a risk exception until the legacy storage device can be upgraded B. Accept the risk for the remote location, and reverse the settings indefinitely since the legacy storage device will not be upgraded C. Mitigate the risk for the remote location by suggesting a move to a cloud service provider. Have the remote location request an indefinite risk exception for the use of cloud storage D. Avoid the risk, leave the settings alone, and decommission the legacy storage device

D Understand the CIO is a social drinker, and find the means to befriend the CIO at establishments the CIO frequents

A Chief Information Officer (CIO) publicly announces the implementation of a new financial system. As part of a security assessment that includes a social engineering task, which of the following tasks should be conducted to demonstrate the BEST means to gain information to use for a report on social vulnerability details about the financial system? A. Call the CIO and ask for an interview, posing as a job seeker interested in an open position B. Compromise the email server to obtain a list of attendees who responded to the invitation who is on the IT staff C. Notify the CIO that, through observation at events, malicious actors can identify individuals to befriend D. Understand the CIO is a social drinker, and find the means to befriend the CIO at establishments the CIO frequents

A CVE database

A Chief Information Security Officer (CISO is reviewing and revising system configuration and hardening guides that were developed internally and have been used several years to secure the organization's systems. The CISO knows improvements can be made to the guides. Which of the following would be the BEST source of reference during the revision process? A. CVE database B. Internal security assessment reports C. Industry-accepted standards D. External vulnerability scan reports E. Vendor-specific implementation guides

C Because of the significant ALE for each high-risk vulnerability, efforts should be focused on those controls

A Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) is reviewing the results of a gap analysis with an outside cybersecurity consultant. The gap analysis reviewed all procedural and technical controls and found the following: ✑ High-impact controls implemented: 6 out of 10 ✑ Medium-impact controls implemented: 409 out of 472 ✑ Low-impact controls implemented: 97 out of 1000The report includes a cost-benefit analysis for each control gap. The analysis yielded the following information: ✑ Average high-impact control implementation cost: $15,000; Probable ALE for each high-impact control gap: $95,000 ✑ Average medium-impact control implementation cost: $6,250; Probable ALE for each medium-impact control gap: $11,000 Due to the technical construction and configuration of the corporate enterprise, slightly more than 50% of the medium-impact controls will take two years to fully implement. Which of the following conclusions could the CISO draw from the analysis? A. Too much emphasis has been placed on eliminating low-risk vulnerabilities in the past B. The enterprise security team has focused exclusively on mitigating high-level risks C. Because of the significant ALE for each high-risk vulnerability, efforts should be focused on those controls D. The cybersecurity team has balanced residual risk for both high and medium controls

D Establish relationship with a blacklist operators so broad entries can be replaced with more granular entries and incorrect entries can be quickly pruned

A SaaS-based email service provider often receives reports from legitimate customers that their IP netblocks are on blacklists and they cannot send email. The SaaS has confirmed that affected customers typically have IP addresses within broader network ranges and some abusive customers within the same IP ranges may have performed spam campaigns. Which of the following actions should the SaaS provider perform to minimize legitimate customer impact? A. Inform the customer that the service provider does not have any control over third-party blacklist entries. The customer should reach out to the blacklist operator directly B. Perform a takedown of any customer accounts that have entries on email blacklists because this is a strong indicator of hostile behavior C. Work with the legal department and threaten legal action against the blacklist operator if the netblocks are not removed because this is affecting legitimate traffic D. Establish relationship with a blacklist operators so broad entries can be replaced with more granular entries and incorrect entries can be quickly pruned

D Data leak prevention

A breach was caused by an insider threat in which customer PII was compromised. Following the breach, a lead security analyst is asked to determine which vulnerabilities the attacker used to access company resources. Which of the following should the analyst use to remediate the vulnerabilities? A. Protocol analyzer B. Root cause analysis C. Behavioral analytics D. Data leak prevention

B, E, H Data retention policy, Data sovereignty policy, Encryption standard

A business is growing and starting to branch out into other locations. In anticipation of opening an office in a different country, the Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) and legal team agree they need to meet the following criteria regarding data to open the new office: ✑ Store taxation-related documents for five years ✑ Store customer addresses in an encrypted format ✑ Destroy customer information after one year ✑ Keep data only in the customer's home country. Which of the following should the CISO implement to BEST meet these requirements? (Choose three.) A. Capacity planning policy B. Data retention policy C. Data classification standard D. Legal compliance policy E. Data sovereignty policy F. Backup policy G. Acceptable use policy H. Encryption standard

C Scan the site with a port scanner to identify vulnerable services running on the web server

A company contracts a security engineer to perform a penetration test of its client-facing web portal. Which of the following activities would be MOST appropriate? A. Use a protocol analyzer against the site to see if data input can be replayed from the browser B. Scan the website through an interception proxy and identify areas for the code injection C. Scan the site with a port scanner to identify vulnerable services running on the web server D. Use network enumeration tools to identify if the server is running behind a load balancer

C SLA

A company has entered into a business agreement with a business partner for managed human resources services. The Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) has been asked to provide documentation that is required to set up a business-to-business VPN between the two organizations. Which of the following is required in this scenario? A. ISA B. BIA C. SLA D. RA

A The consultant should attempt to gain access to physical offices through social engineering and then attempt data exfiltration

A company has hired an external security consultant to conduct a thorough review of all aspects of corporate security. The company is particularly concerned about unauthorized access to its physical offices resulting in network compromises. Which of the following should the consultant recommend be performed to evaluate potential risks? A. The consultant should attempt to gain access to physical offices through social engineering and then attempt data exfiltration B. The consultant should be granted access to all physical access control systems to review logs and evaluate the likelihood of the threat C. The company should conduct internal audits of access logs and employee social media feeds to identify potential insider threats D. The company should install a temporary CCTV system to detect unauthorized access to physical offices

C, F NDA, MSA

A company is acquiring incident response and forensic assistance from a managed security service provider in the event of a data breach. The company has selected a partner and must now provide required documents to be reviewed and evaluated. Which of the following documents would BEST protect the company and ensure timely assistance? (Choose two.) A. RA B. BIA C. NDA D. RFI E. RFQ F. MSA

B NX/XN bit

A company is developing requirements for a customized OS build that will be used in an embedded environment. The company procured hardware that is capable of reducing the likelihood of successful buffer overruns while executables are processing. Which of the following capabilities must be included for the OS to take advantage of this critical hardware-based countermeasure? A. Application whitelisting B. NX/XN bit C. ASLR D. TrustZone E. SCP

D Pre-release marketing materials for a single device were accidentally left in a public location

A company makes consumer health devices and needs to maintain strict confidentiality of unreleased product designs. Recently, unauthorized photos of products still in development have been for sale on the dark web. The Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) suspects an insider threat, but the team that uses the secret outdoor testing area has been vetted many times, and nothing suspicious has been found. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of the unauthorized photos? A. The location of the testing facility was discovered by analyzing fitness device information the test engineers posted on a website. B. One of the test engineers is working for a competitor and covertly installed a RAT on the marketing department's servers. C. The company failed to implement least privilege on network devices, and a hacktivist published stolen public relations photos. D. Pre-release marketing materials for a single device were accidentally left in a public location.

A Install a HIPS on the web servers

A company monitors the performance of all web servers using WMI. A network administrator informs the security engineer that web servers hosting the company's client-facing portal are running slowly today. After some investigation, the security engineer notices a large number of attempts at enumerating host information via SNMP from multiple IP addresses. Which of the following would be the BEST technique for the security engineer to employ in an attempt to prevent reconnaissance activity? A. Install a HIPS on the web servers B. Disable inbound traffic from offending sources C. Disable SNMP on the web servers D. Install anti-DDoS protection in the DMZ

C Separate the items in the system call to prevent command injection.

A company suspects a web server may have been infiltrated by a rival corporation. The security engineer reviews the web server logs and finds the following: ls -l -a /usr/heinz/public; cat ./config/db.yml The security engineer looks at the code with a developer, and they determine the log entry is created when the following line is run: system ("ls -l -a #{path}") Which of the following is an appropriate security control the company should implement? A. Restrict directory permissions to read-only access. B. Use server-side processing to avoid XSS vulnerabilities in path input. C. Separate the items in the system call to prevent command injection. D. Parameterize a query in the path variable to prevent SQL injection.

B Binary reverse-engineering

A company wants to perform analysis of a tool that is suspected to contain a malicious payload. A forensic analyst is given the following snippet: ^32^[34fda19(fd^43gfd/home/user/lib/module.so.343jk^rfw(342fds43g Which of the following did the analyst use to determine the location of the malicious payload? A. Code deduplicators B. Binary reverse-engineering C. Fuzz testing D. Security containers

A Utilize insider threat consultants to provide expertise

A company's Chief Operating Officer (COO) is concerned about the potential for competitors to infer proprietary information gathered from employee's social media accounts. Which of the following methods should the company use to gauge its own social media threat level without targeting individual employees? A. Utilize insider threat consultants to provide expertise. B. Require that employees divulge social media accounts. C. Leverage Big Data analytical algorithms. D. Perform social engineering tests to evaluate employee awareness.

A. Utilize insider threat consultants to provide expertise.

A company's Chief Operating Officer (COO) is concerned about the potential for competitors to infer proprietary information gathered from employee's social media accounts. Which of the following methods should the company use to gauge its own social media threat level without targeting individual employees? A. Utilize insider threat consultants to provide expertise. B. Require that employees divulge social media accounts. C. Leverage Big Data analytical algorithms. D. Perform social engineering tests to evaluate employee awareness.

A Purchase the SSL, decryption license for the firewalls and route traffic back to the proxies for end-user categorization and malware analysis.

A company's existing forward proxies support software-based TLS decryption, but are currently at 60% load just dealing with AV scanning and content analysis for HTTP traffic. More than 70% outbound web traffic is currently encrypted. The switching and routing network infrastructure precludes adding capacity, preventing the installation of a dedicated TLS decryption system. The network firewall infrastructure is currently at 30% load and has software decryption modules that can be activated by purchasing additional license keys. An existing project is rolling out agent updates to end-user desktops as part of an endpoint security refresh. Which of the following is the BEST way to address these issues and mitigate risks to the organization? A. Purchase the SSL, decryption license for the firewalls and route traffic back to the proxies for end-user categorization and malware analysis. B. Roll out application whitelisting to end-user desktops and decommission the existing proxies, freeing up network ports. C. Use an EDP solution to address the malware issue and accept the diminishing role of the proxy for URL categorization in the short team. D. Accept the current risk and seek possible funding approval in the next budget cycle to replace the existing proxies with ones with more capacity.

A Whois

A consultant is hired to perform a passive vulnerability assessment of a company to determine what information might be collected about the company and its employees. The assessment will be considered successful if the consultant can discover the name of one of the IT administrators. Which of the following is MOST likely to produce the needed information? A. Whois B. DNS enumeration C. Vulnerability scanner D. Fingerprinting

C Vulnerability scanning of the production environment

A deployment manager is working with a software development group to assess the security of a new version of the organization's internally developed ERP tool. The organization prefers to not perform assessment activities following deployment, instead focusing on assessing security throughout the life cycle. Which of the following methods would BEST assess the security of the product? A. Static code analysis in the IDE environment B. Penetration testing of the UAT environment C. Vulnerability scanning of the production environment D. Penetration testing of the production environment E. Peer review prior to unit testing

D Update the antivirus software and definitions

A financial consulting firm recently recovered from some damaging incidents that were associated with malware installed via rootkit. Post-incident analysis is ongoing, and the incident responders and systems administrators are working to determine a strategy to reduce the risk of recurrence. The firm's systems are running modern operating systems and feature UEFI and TPMs. Which of the following technical options would provide the MOST preventive value? A. Update and deploy GPOs B. Configure and use measured boot C. Strengthen the password complexity requirements D. Update the antivirus software and definitions

B Digital signature

A forensics analyst suspects that a breach has occurred. Security logs show the company's OS patch system may be compromised, and it is serving patches that contain a zero-day exploit and backdoor. The analyst extracts an executable file from a packet capture of communication between a client computer and the patch server. Which of the following should the analyst use to confirm this suspicion? A. File size B. Digital signature C. Checksums D. Anti-malware software E. Sandboxing

A When it is mandated by their legal and regulatory requirements

A hospital's security team recently determined its network was breached and patient data was accessed by an external entity. The Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) of the hospital approaches the executive management team with this information, reports the vulnerability that led to the breach has already been remediated, and explains the team is continuing to follow the appropriate incident response plan. The executive team is concerned about the hospital's brand reputation and asks the CISO when the incident should be disclosed to the affected patients. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate response? A. When it is mandated by their legal and regulatory requirements B. As soon as possible in the interest of the patients C. As soon as the public relations department is ready to be interviewed D. When all steps related to the incident response plan are completed E. Upon the approval of the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) to release information to the public

C, D Enforce command shell restrictions via group policies for all workstations by default to limit which native operating system tools are available for use, Modify the existing rules of behavior to include an explicit statement prohibiting users from enumerating user and file directories using available tools and/or accessing visible resources that do not directly pertain to their job functions

A large enterprise with thousands of users is experiencing a relatively high frequency of malicious activity from the insider threats. Much of the activity appears to involve internal reconnaissance that results in targeted attacks against privileged users and network file shares. Given this scenario, which of the following would MOST likely prevent or deter these attacks? (Choose two.) A. Conduct role-based training for privileged users that highlights common threats against them and covers best practices to thwart attacks B. Increase the frequency at which host operating systems are scanned for vulnerabilities, and decrease the amount of time permitted between vulnerability identification and the application of corresponding patches C. Enforce command shell restrictions via group policies for all workstations by default to limit which native operating system tools are available for use D. Modify the existing rules of behavior to include an explicit statement prohibiting users from enumerating user and file directories using available tools and/or accessing visible resources that do not directly pertain to their job functions E. For all workstations, implement full-disk encryption and configure UEFI instances to require complex passwords for authentication F. Implement application blacklisting enforced by the operating systems of all machines in the enterprise

D Employ a second VPN layer concurrently where the other layer's cryptographic implementation is sourced from a different vendor.

A network engineer is attempting to design-in resiliency characteristics for an enterprise network's VPN services. If the engineer wants to help ensure some resilience against zero-day vulnerabilities exploited against the VPN implementation, which of the following decisions would BEST support this objective? A. Implement a reverse proxy for VPN traffic that is defended and monitored by the organization's SOC with near-real-time alerting to administrators. B. Subscribe to a managed service provider capable of supporting the mitigation of advanced DDoS attacks on the enterprise's pool of VPN concentrators. C. Distribute the VPN concentrators across multiple systems at different physical sites to ensure some backup services are available in the event of primary site loss. D. Employ a second VPN layer concurrently where the other layer's cryptographic implementation is sourced from a different vendor.

D The device is rooted

A newly hired systems administrator is trying to connect a new and fully updated, but very customized, Android device to access corporate resources. However, the MDM enrollment process continually fails. The administrator asks a security team member to look into the issue. Which of the following is the MOST likely reason the MDM is not allowing enrollment? A. The OS version is not compatible B. The OEM is prohibited C. The device does not support FDE D. The device is rooted

A Randomly calling customer employees and posing as a help desk technician requiring user password to resolve issues

A penetration tester has been contracted to conduct a physical assessment of a site. Which of the following is the MOST plausible method of social engineering to be conducted during this engagement? A. Randomly calling customer employees and posing as a help desk technician requiring user password to resolve issues B. Posing as a copier service technician and indicating the equipment had ג€phoned homeג€ to alert the technician for a service call C. Simulating an illness while at a client location for a sales call and then recovering once listening devices are installed D. Obtaining fake government credentials and impersonating law enforcement to gain access to a company facility

D Lessons learned report

A recent CRM upgrade at a branch office was completed after the desired deadline. Several technical issues were found during the upgrade and need to be discussed in depth before the next branch office is upgraded. Which of the following should be used to identify weak processes and other vulnerabilities? A. Gap analysis B. Benchmarks and baseline results C. Risk assessment D. Lessons learned report

C Patch management

A recent assessment identified that several users' mobile devices are running outdated versions of endpoint security software that do not meet the company's security policy. Which of the following should be performed to ensure the users can access the network and meet the company's security requirements? A. Vulnerability assessment B. Risk assessment C. Patch management D. Device quarantine E. Incident management

E HIDS

A recent penetration test identified that a web server has a major vulnerability. The web server hosts a critical shipping application for the company and requires 99.99% availability. Attempts to fix the vulnerability would likely break the application. The shipping application is due to be replaced in the next three months. Which of the following would BEST secure the web server until the replacement web server is ready? A. Patch management B. Antivirus C. Application firewall D. Spam filters E. HIDS

C, E, F HIDS, Measured boot, Data encryption

A security administrator is hardening a TrustedSolaris server that processes sensitive data. The data owner has established the following security requirements: ✑ The data is for internal consumption only and shall not be distributed to outside individuals ✑ The systems administrator should not have access to the data processed by the server ✑ The integrity of the kernel image is maintained Which of the following host-based security controls BEST enforce the data owner's requirements? (Choose three.) A. SELinux B. DLP C. HIDS D. Host-based firewall E. Measured boot F. Data encryption G. Watermarking

D DKIM

A security administrator wants to allow external organizations to cryptographically validate the company's domain name in email messages sent by employees. Which of the following should the security administrator implement? A. SPF B. S/MIME C. TLS D. DKIM

D Availability of application layer visualizers

A security analyst has requested network engineers integrate sFlow into the SOC's overall monitoring picture. For this to be a useful addition to the monitoring capabilities, which of the following must be considered by the engineering team? A. Effective deployment of network taps B. Overall bandwidth available at Internet PoP C. Optimal placement of log aggregators D. Availability of application layer visualizers

E, F Containerization, Signed applications

A security analyst is reviewing the corporate MDM settings and notices some disabled settings, which consequently permit users to download programs from untrusted developers and manually install them. After some conversations, it is confirmed that these settings were disabled to support the internal development of mobile applications. The security analyst is now recommending that developers and testers have a separate device profile allowing this, and that the rest of the organization's users do not have the ability to manually download and install untrusted applications. Which of the following settings should be toggled to achieve the goal? (Choose two.) A. OTA updates B. Remote wiping C. Side loading D. Sandboxing E. Containerization F. Signed applications

A Issue digital certificates to all users, including owners of group mailboxes, and require S/MIME with AES-256.

A security architect is implementing security measures in response to an external audit that found vulnerabilities in the corporate collaboration tool suite. The report identified the lack of any mechanism to provide confidentiality for electronic correspondence between users and between users and group mailboxes. Which of the following controls would BEST mitigate the identified vulnerability? A. Issue digital certificates to all users, including owners of group mailboxes, and require S/MIME with AES-256. B. Federate with an existing PKI provider, and reject all non-signed emails C. Implement two-factor email authentication, and require users to hash all email messages upon receipt D. Provide digital certificates to all systems, and eliminate the user group or shared mailboxes

D XML fuzzer

A security controls assessor intends to perform a holistic configuration compliance test of networked assets. The assessor has been handed a package of definitions provided in XML format, and many of the files have two common tags within them: <object object_ref="" /> and <state state_ref="" /> Which of the following tools BEST supports the use of these definitions? A. HTTP interceptor B. Static code analyzer C. SCAP scanner D. XML fuzzer

B, C, E Latency, Availability, Recoverability

A security engineer has implemented an internal user access review tool so service teams can baseline user accounts and group memberships. The tool is functional and popular among its initial set of onboarded teams. However, the tool has not been built to cater to a broader set of internal teams yet. The engineer has sought feedback from internal stakeholders, and a list of summarized requirements is as follows: ✑ The tool needs to be responsive so service teams can query it, and then perform an automated response action. ✑ The tool needs to be resilient to outages so service teams can perform the user access review at any point in time and meet their own SLAs. ✑ The tool will become the system-of-record for approval, reapproval, and removal life cycles of group memberships and must allow for data retrieval after failure. Which of the following need specific attention to meet the requirements listed above? (Choose three.) A. Scalability B. Latency C. Availability D. Usability E. Recoverability F. Maintainability

B Install a client-side VPN on the staff laptops and limit access to the development network

A security engineer is designing a system in which offshore, outsourced staff can push code from the development environment to the production environment securely. The security engineer is concerned with data loss, while the business does not want to slow down its development process. Which of the following solutions BEST balances security requirements with business need? A. Set up a VDI environment that prevents copying and pasting to the local workstations of outsourced staff members B. Install a client-side VPN on the staff laptops and limit access to the development network C. Create an IPSec VPN tunnel from the development network to the office of the outsourced staff D. Use remote SaaS to provide administrative sharing in production

C Host-based firewall

A security incident responder discovers an attacker has gained access to a network and has overwritten key system files with backdoor software. The server was reimaged and patched offline. Which of the following tools should be implemented to detect similar attacks? A. Vulnerability scanner B. TPM C. Host-based firewall D. File integrity monitor E. NIPS

D Implement unit tests that incorporate static code analyzers

A software development manager is running a project using agile development methods. The company cybersecurity engineer has noticed a high number of vulnerabilities have been making it into production code on the project. Which of the following methods could be used in addition to an integrated development environment to reduce the severity of the issue? A. Conduct a penetration test on each function as it is developed B. Develop a set of basic checks for common coding errors C. Adopt a waterfall method of software development D. Implement unit tests that incorporate static code analyzers

D Using a SRTM

A software development team has spent the last 18 months developing a new web-based front-end that will allow clients to check the status of their orders as they proceed through manufacturing. The marketing team schedules a launch party to present the new application to the client base in two weeks. Before the launch, the security team discovers numerous flaws that may introduce dangerous vulnerabilities, allowing direct access to a database used by manufacturing. The development team did not plan to remediate these vulnerabilities during development. Which of the following SDLC best practices should the development team have followed? A. Implementing regression testing B. Completing user acceptance testing C. Verifying system design documentation D. Using a SRTM

A, B Restrict access to the network share by adding a group only for developers to the share's ACL, Implement a new COTS solution that does not use hard-coded credentials and integrates with directory services

A software development team is conducting functional and user acceptance testing of internally developed web applications using a COTS solution. For automated testing, the solution uses valid user credentials from the enterprise directory to authenticate to each application. The solution stores the username in plain text and the corresponding password as an encoded string in a script within a file, located on a globally accessible network share. The account credentials used belong to the development team lead. To reduce the risks associated with this scenario while minimizing disruption to ongoing testing, which of the following are the BEST actions to take? (Choose two.) A. Restrict access to the network share by adding a group only for developers to the share's ACL B. Implement a new COTS solution that does not use hard-coded credentials and integrates with directory services C. Obfuscate the username within the script file with encoding to prevent easy identification and the account used D. Provision a new user account within the enterprise directory and enable its use for authentication to the target applications. Share the username and password with all developers for use in their individual scripts E. Redesign the web applications to accept single-use, local account credentials for authentication

A, F Access control list, Data access policies

A systems administrator recently joined an organization and has been asked to perform a security assessment of controls on the organization's file servers, which contain client data from a number of sensitive systems. The administrator needs to compare documented access requirements to the access implemented within the file system. Which of the following is MOST likely to be reviewed during the assessment? (Choose two.) A. Access control list B. Security requirements traceability matrix C. Data owner matrix D. Roles matrix E. Data design document F. Data access policies

B The organization will be unable to restrict the use of NFC, electromagnetic induction, and Bluetooth technologies

A systems security engineer is assisting an organization's market survey team in reviewing requirements for an upcoming acquisition of mobile devices. The engineer expresses concerns to the survey team about a particular class of devices that uses a separate SoC for baseband radio I/O. For which of the following reasons is the engineer concerned? A. These devices can communicate over networks older than HSPA+ and LTE standards, exposing device communications to poor encryptions routines B. The organization will be unable to restrict the use of NFC, electromagnetic induction, and Bluetooth technologies C. The associated firmware is more likely to remain out of date and potentially vulnerable D. The manufacturers of the baseband radios are unable to enforce mandatory access controls within their driver set

C Single-tenancy PaaS

A team is at the beginning stages of designing a new enterprise-wide application. The new application will have a large database and require a capital investment in hardware. The Chief Information Officer (CIO) has directed the team to save money and reduce the reliance on the datacenter, and the vendor must specialize in hosting large databases in the cloud. Which of the following cloud-hosting options would BEST meet these needs? A. Multi-tenancy SaaS B. Hybrid IaaS C. Single-tenancy PaaS D. Community IaaS

A, D Antivirus, Patch management

A threat advisory alert was just emailed to the IT security staff. The alert references specific types of host operating systems that can allow an unauthorized person to access files on a system remotely. A fix was recently published, but it requires a recent endpoint protection engine to be installed prior to running the fix. Which of the following MOST likely need to be configured to ensure the system are mitigated accordingly? (Choose two.) A. Antivirus B. HIPS C. Application whitelisting D. Patch management E. Group policy implementation F. Firmware updates

C Cookies should be scoped to a relevant domain/path

A web developer has implemented HTML5 optimizations into a legacy web application. One of the modifications the web developer made was the following client side optimization: localStorage.setItem("session-cookie", document.cookie); Which of the following should the security engineer recommend? A. SessionStorage should be used so authorized cookies expire after the session ends B. Cookies should be marked as "secure" and "HttpOnly" C. Cookies should be scoped to a relevant domain/path D. Client-side cookies should be replaced by server-side mechanisms

B, C Route protection, NAC

After embracing a BYOD policy, a company is faced with new security challenges from unmanaged mobile devices and laptops. The company's IT department has seen a large number of the following incidents: ✑ Duplicate IP addresses ✑ Rogue network devices ✑ Infected systems probing the company's network Which of the following should be implemented to remediate the above issues? (Choose two.) A. Port security B. Route protection C. NAC D. HIPS E. NIDS

D Cloud access security broker

After multiple service interruptions caused by an older datacenter design, a company decided to migrate away from its datacenter. The company has successfully completed the migration of all datacenter servers and services to a cloud provider. The migration project includes the following phases: ✑ Selection of a cloud provider ✑ Architectural design ✑ Microservice segmentation ✑ Virtual private cloud ✑ Geographic service redundancy ✑ Service migration The Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) is still concerned with the availability requirements of critical company applications. Which of the following should the company implement NEXT? A. Multicloud solution B. Single-tenancy private cloud C. Hybrid cloud solution D. Cloud access security broker

C, F Input validation, Database activity monitoring

An SQL database is no longer accessible online due to a recent security breach. An investigation reveals that unauthorized access to the database was possible due to an SQL injection vulnerability. To prevent this type of breach in the future, which of the following security controls should be put in place before bringing the database back online? (Choose two.) A. Secure storage policies B. Browser security updates C. Input validation D. Web application firewall E. Secure coding standards F. Database activity monitoring

A, E, F Black box testing, Vulnerability assessment, Pivoting

An advanced threat emulation engineer is conducting testing against a client's network. The engineer conducts the testing in as realistic a manner as possible. Consequently, the engineer has been gradually ramping up the volume of attacks over a long period of time. Which of the following combinations of techniques would the engineer MOST likely use in this testing? (Choose three.) A. Black box testing B. Gray box testing C. Code review D. Social engineering E. Vulnerability assessment F. Pivoting G. Self-assessment H. White teaming I. External auditing

D The employee saved a file on the computer's hard drive that contained archives of emails, which were more than two years old

An agency has implemented a data retention policy that requires tagging data according to type before storing it in the data repository. The policy requires all business emails be automatically deleted after two years. During an open records investigation, information was found on an employee's work computer concerning a conversation that occurred three years prior and proved damaging to the agency's reputation. Which of the following MOST likely caused the data leak? A. The employee manually changed the email client retention settings to prevent deletion of emails B. The file that contained the damaging information was mistagged and retained on the server for longer than it should have been C. The email was encrypted and an exception was put in place via the data classification application D. The employee saved a file on the computer's hard drive that contained archives of emails, which were more than two years old

B,E Install a firewall and IDS between systems and the LAN, Configure the systems to use government-hosted NTP servers

An architect was recently hired by a power utility to increase the security posture of the company's power generation and distribution sites. Upon review, the architect identifies legacy hardware with highly vulnerable and unsupported software driving critical operations. These systems must exchange data with each other, be highly synchronized, and pull from the Internet time sources. Which of the following architectural decisions would BEST reduce the likelihood of a successful attack without harming operational capability? (Choose two.) A. Isolate the systems on their own network B. Install a firewall and IDS between systems and the LAN C. Employ own stratum-0 and stratum-1 NTP servers D. Upgrade the software on critical systems E. Configure the systems to use government-hosted NTP servers

A, C Deploy virtual desktop infrastructure with an OOB management network Leverage separate physical hardware for sensitive services and data

An engineer is assisting with the design of a new virtualized environment that will house critical company services and reduce the datacenter's physical footprint. The company has expressed concern about the integrity of operating systems and wants to ensure a vulnerability exploited in one datacenter segment would not lead to the compromise of all others. Which of the following design objectives should the engineer complete to BEST mitigate the company's concerns? (Choose two.) A. Deploy virtual desktop infrastructure with an OOB management network B. Employ the use of vTPM with boot attestation C. Leverage separate physical hardware for sensitive services and data D. Use a community CSP with independently managed security services E. Deploy to a private cloud with hosted hypervisors on each physical machine

B, E Configure the devices to use an always-on IPSec VPN, Restrict application permissions to establish only HTTPS connections outside of the enterprise boundary

An engineer maintains a corporate-owned mobility infrastructure, and the organization requires that all web browsing using corporate-owned resources be monitored. Which of the following would allow the organization to meet its requirement? (Choose two.) A. Exempt mobile devices from the requirement, as this will lead to privacy violations B. Configure the devices to use an always-on IPSec VPN C. Configure all management traffic to be tunneled into the enterprise via TLS D. Implement a VDI solution and deploy supporting client apps to devices E. Restrict application permissions to establish only HTTPS connections outside of the enterprise boundary

C, E SMS with OTP sent to mobile number, Certificate sent to be installed on a device

An insurance company has two million customers and is researching the top transactions on its customer portal. It identifies that the top transaction is currently password reset. Due to users not remembering their secret questions, a large number of calls are consequently routed to the contact center for manual password resets. The business wants to develop a mobile application to improve customer engagement in the future, continue with a single factor of authentication, minimize management overhead of the solution, remove passwords, and eliminate to the contact center. Which of the following techniques would BEST meet the requirements? (Choose two.) A. Magic link sent to an email address B. Customer ID sent via push notification C. SMS with OTP sent to a mobile number D. Third-party social login E. Certificate sent to be installed on a device F. Hardware tokens sent to customers

F Exploit frameworks

An organization has employed the services of an auditing firm to perform a gap assessment in preparation for an upcoming audit. As part of the gap assessment, the auditor supporting the assessment recommends the organization engage with other industry partners to share information about emerging attacks to organizations in the industry in which the organization functions. Which of the following types of information could be drawn from such participation? A. Threat modeling B. Risk assessment C. Vulnerability data D. Threat intelligence E. Risk metrics F. Exploit frameworks

B Data sovereignty

An organization is currently working with a client to migrate data between a legacy ERP system and a cloud-based ERP tool using a global PaaS provider. As part of the engagement, the organization is performing data deduplication and sanitization of client data to ensure compliance with regulatory requirements. Which of the following is the MOST likely reason for the need to sanitize the client data? A. Data aggregation B. Data sovereignty C. Data isolation D. Data volume E. Data analytics

A VNC, router, and HIPS

An organization is in the process of integrating its operational technology and information technology areas. As part of the integration, some of the cultural aspects it would like to see include more efficient use of resources during change windows, better protection of critical infrastructure, and the ability to respond to incidents. The following observations have been identified: 1. The ICS supplier has specified that any software installed will result in lack of support. 2. There is no documented trust boundary defined between the SCADA and corporate networks. 3. Operational technology staff have to manage the SCADA equipment via the engineering workstation. 4. There is a lack of understanding of what is within the SCADA network. Which of the following capabilities would BEST improve the security position? A. VNC, router, and HIPS B. SIEM, VPN, and firewall C. Proxy, VPN, and WAF D. IDS, NAC, and log monitoring

B Gap assessment

An organization is preparing to develop a business continuity plan. The organization is required to meet regulatory requirements relating to confidentiality and availability, which are well-defined. Management has expressed concern following initial meetings that the organization is not fully aware of the requirements associated with the regulations. Which of the following would be MOST appropriate for the project manager to solicit additional resources for during this phase of the project? A. After-action reports B. Gap assessment C. Security requirements traceability matrix D. Business impact assessment E. Risk analysis

C Perform reverse engineering on the document

Ann, a member of the finance department at a large corporation, has submitted a suspicious email she received to the information security team. The team was not expecting an email from Ann, and it contains a PDF file inside a ZIP compressed archive. The information security team is not sure which files were opened. A security team member uses an air-gapped PC to open the ZIP and PDF, and it appears to be a social engineering attempt to deliver an exploit. Which of the following would provide greater insight on the potential impact of this attempted attack? A. Run an antivirus scan on the finance PC. B. Use a protocol analyzer on the air-gapped PC. C. Perform reverse engineering on the document. D. Analyze network logs for unusual traffic. E. Run a baseline analyzer against the user's computer.

C Merging two enterprise networks could result in an expanded attack surface and could cause outages if trust and permission issues are not handled carefully

Which of the following BEST represents a risk associated with merging two enterprises during an acquisition? A. The consolidation of two different IT enterprises increases the likelihood of the data loss because there are now two backup systems B. Integrating two different IT systems might result in a successful data breach if threat intelligence is not shared between the two enterprises C. Merging two enterprise networks could result in an expanded attack surface and could cause outages if trust and permission issues are not handled carefully D. Expanding the set of data owners requires an in-depth review of all data classification decisions, impacting availability during the review

D Network virtualization

During a security assessment, an organization is advised of inadequate control over network segmentation. The assessor explains that the organization's reliance on VLANs to segment traffic is insufficient to provide segmentation based on regulatory standards. Which of the following should the organization consider implementing along with VLANs to provide a greater level of segmentation? A. Air gaps B. Access control lists C. Spanning tree protocol D. Network virtualization E. Elastic load balancing

C Order of volatility

During a security event investigation, a junior analyst fails to create an image of a server's hard drive before removing the drive and sending it to the forensics analyst. Later, the evidence from the analysis is not usable in the prosecution of the attackers due to the uncertainty of tampering. Which of the following should the junior analyst have followed? A. Continuity of operations B. Chain of custody C. Order of volatility D. Data recovery

B Quantitative risk assessment

Following a security assessment, the Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) is reviewing the results of the assessment and evaluating potential risk treatment strategies. As part of the CISO's evaluation, a judgment of potential impact based on the identified risk is performed. To prioritize response actions, the CISO uses past experience to take into account the exposure factor as well as the external accessibility of the weakness identified. Which of the following is the CISO performing? A. Documentation of lessons learned B. Quantitative risk assessment C. Qualitative assessment of risk D. Business impact scoring E. Threat modeling

B Lessons learned

Legal authorities notify a company that its network has been compromised for the second time in two years. The investigation shows the attackers were able to use the same vulnerability on different systems in both attacks. Which of the following would have allowed the security team to use historical information to protect against the second attack? A. Key risk indicators B. Lessons learned C. Recovery point objectives D. Tabletop exercise

A Data retention policy

Legal counsel has notified the information security manager of a legal matter that will require the preservation of electronic records for 2000 sales force employees. Source records will be email, PC, network shares, and applications. After all restrictions have been lifted, which of the following should the information manager review? A. Data retention policy B. Legal hold C. Chain of custody D. Scope statement

B Mitigate

Management is reviewing the results of a recent risk assessment of the organization's policies and procedures. During the risk assessment it is determined that procedures associated with background checks have not been effectively implemented. In response to this risk, the organization elects to revise policies and procedures related to background checks and use a third-party to perform background checks on all new employees. Which of the following risk management strategies has the organization employed? A. Transfer B. Mitigate C. Accept D. Avoid E. Reject

B, E Phishing simulations, Continuous monitoring

One of the objectives of a bank is to instill a security awareness culture. Which of the following are techniques that could help to achieve this? (Choose two.) A. Blue teaming B. Phishing simulations C. Lunch-and-learn D. Random audits E. Continuous monitoring F. Separation of duties

B Deploying a CASB

Security policies that are in place at an organization prohibit USB drives from being utilized across the entire enterprise, with adequate technical controls in place to block them. As a way to still be able to work from various locations on different computing resources, several sales staff members have signed up for a web- based storage solution without the consent of the IT department. However, the operations department is required to use the same service to transmit certain business partner documents. Which of the following would BEST allow the IT department to monitor and control this behavior? A. Enabling AAA B. Deploying a CASB C. Configuring an NGFW D. Installing a WAF E. Utilizing a vTPM