ccna

What method is used to manage contention-based access on a wireless network?

CSMA/CA

A client packet is received by a server. The packet has a destination port number of 67. What service is the client requesting?

DHCP

If host A sends an IP packet to host B, what will the destination address be in the frame when it leaves host A?

BB:BB:BB:BB:BB:BB

A user is attempting to access http://www.cisco.com/ without success. Which two configuration values must be set on the host to allow this access?

DNS server default gateway

What is an advantage for small organizations of adopting IMAP instead of POP?

Messages are kept in the mail servers until they are manually deleted from the email client.

Layer 3

TTL Source IP Address

What are two primary responsibilities of the Ethernet MAC sublayer?

accessing the media data encapsulation

Layer 4

acknowledgment number destination port number

Which three layers of the OSI model map to the application layer of the TCP/IP model?

application session presentation

What characteristic describes antispyware?

applications that protect end devices from becoming infected with malicious software

What characteristic describes antivirus software?

applications that protect end devices from becoming infected with malicious software

What are two common causes of signal degradation when using UTP cabling?

improper termination low-quality cable or connectors

What two ICMPv6 message types must be permitted through IPv6 access control lists to allow resolution of Layer 3 addresses to Layer 2 MAC addresses? (Choose two.)

neighbor solicitations neighbor advertisements

What characteristic describes adware?

software that is installed on a user device and collects information about the user

What characteristic describes spyware?

software that is installed on a user device and collects information about the user

What two security solutions are most likely to be used only in a corporate environment?

virtual private networks intrusion prevention systems

When a switch configuration includes a user-defined error threshold on a per-port basis, to which switching method will the switch revert when the error threshold is reached?

store-and-forward

Which switching method drops frames that fail the FCS check?

store-and-forward switching

What are the three parts of an IPv6 global unicast address?

subnet ID global routing prefix interface ID

What is the subnet ID associated with the IPv6 address 2001:DA48:FC5:A4:3D1B::1/64?

2001:DA48:FC5:A4::/64​

Which two statements are correct about MAC and IP addresses during data transmission if NAT is not involved?

1. Destination IP addresses in a packet header remain constant along the entire path to a target host.

Host B on subnet Teachers transmits a packet to host D on subnet Students. Which Layer 2 and Layer 3 addresses are contained in the PDUs that are transmitted from host B to the router?

1. Layer 2 destination address = 00-00-0c-94-36-ab 2. Layer 2 source address = 00-00-0c-94-36-bb 3. Layer 3 destination address = 172.16.20.200 4. Layer 3 source address = 172.16.10.200

Data is being sent from a source PC to a destination server. Which three statements correctly describe the function of TCP or UDP in this situation?

1. The source port field identifies the running application or service that will handle data returning to the PC. 2. UDP segments are encapsulated within IP packets for transport across the network. 3. The UDP destination port number identifies the application or service on the server which will handle the data.

What are two features of ARP? (Choose two.)

1.If a host is ready to send a packet to a local destination device and it has the IP address but not the MAC address of the destination, it generates an ARP broadcast. 2.If a device receiving an ARP request has the destination IPv4 address, it responds with an ARP reply.

Which two statements describe features of an IPv4 routing table on a router?

1.If there are two or more possible routes to the same destination, the route associated with the higher metric value is included in the routing table. 2.If a default static route is configured in the router, an entry will be included in the routing table with source code S.

Refer to the exhibit. Which two network addresses can be assigned to the network containing 10 hosts? Your answers should waste the fewest addresses, not reuse addresses that are already assigned, and stay within the 10.18.10.0/24 range of addresses.

10.18.10.208/28 10.18.10.224/28

loopback address

127.0.0.1

A network administrator is adding a new LAN to a branch office. The new LAN must support 90 connected devices. What is the smallest network mask that the network administrator can use for the new network?

255.255.255.128

Refer to the exhibit. A company uses the address block of 128.107.0.0/16 for its network. What subnet mask would provide the maximum number of equal size subnets while providing enough host addresses for each subnet in the exhibit?

255.255.255.128

What subnet mask is needed if an IPv4 network has 40 devices that need IP addresses and address space is not to be wasted?

255.255.255.192

What are three1 characteristics of the CSMA/CD process?

A device listens and waits until the media is not busy before transmitting.

A network administrator wants to have the same subnet mask for three subnetworks at a small site. The site has the following networks and numbers of devices:

255.255.255.240

A network administrator is adding a new LAN to a branch office. The new LAN must support 4 connected devices. What is the smallest network mask that the network administrator can use for the new network?

255.255.255.248

An organization is assigned an IPv6 address block of 2001:db8:0:ca00::/56. How many subnets can be created without using bits in the interface ID space?

256

Layer 2

802.2 header FCS(Frame Check Sequence) Destination Mac address

What service is provided by HTTP?

A basic set of rules for exchanging text, graphic images, sound, video, and other multimedia files on the web.

Which scenario describes a function provided by the transport layer?

A student has two web browser windows open in order to access two web sites. The transport layer ensures the correct web page is delivered to the correct browser window.

What are three2 characteristics of the CSMA/CD process?

After detecting a collision, hosts can attempt to resume transmission after a random time delay has expired.

What are three3 characteristics of the CSMA/CD process?

All of the devices on a segment see data that passes on the network medium.

What service is provided by FTP?

Allows for data transfers between a client and a file server.

Which two statements describe how to assess traffic flow patterns and network traffic types using a protocol analyzer?

Capture traffic during peak utilization times to get a good representation of the different traffic types. Perform the capture on different network segments

What happens when the transport input ssh command is entered on the switch vty lines?

Communication between the switch and remote users is encrypted.

An administrator defined a local user account with a secret password on router R1 for use with SSH. Which three additional steps are required to configure R1 to accept only encrypted SSH connections?

Configure the IP domain name on the router. Generate the SSH keys. Enable inbound vty SSH sessions.

A new network administrator has been asked to enter a banner message on a Cisco device. What is the fastest way a network administrator could test whether the banner is properly configured?

Exit privileged EXEC mode and press Enter .

Which range of link-local addresses can be assigned to an IPv6-enabled interface?

FE80::/10

A network technician is researching the use of fiber optic cabling in a new technology center. Which two issues should be considered before implementing fiber optic media?

Fiber optic cabling requires different termination and splicing expertise from what copper cabling requires. fiber optic provides higher data capacity but is more expensive than copper cabling.

What two pieces of information are displayed in the output of the show ip interface brief command?

IP addresses Layer 1 statuses

What mechanism is used by a router to prevent a received IPv4 packet from traveling endlessly on a network?

It decrements the value of the TTL field by 1 and if the result is 0, it discards the packet and sends a Time Exceeded message to the source host.

How does the service password-encryption command enhance password security on Cisco routers and switches?

It encrypts passwords that are stored in router or switch configuration files.

A client is using SLAAC to obtain an IPv6 address for its interface. After an address has been generated and applied to the interface, what must the client do before it can begin to use this IPv6 address?

It must send an ICMPv6 Neighbor Solicitation message to ensure that the address is not already in use on the network

What is one main characteristic of the data link layer?

It shields the upper layer protocol from being aware of the physical medium to be used in the communication.

What service is provided by BOOTP?

Legacy application that enables a diskless workstation to discover its own IP address and find a BOOTP server on the network.

Which two statements accurately describe an advantage or a disadvantage when deploying NAT for IPv4 in a network?

NAT introduces problems for some applications that require end-to-end connectivity. NAT provides a solution to slow down the IPv4 address depletion.

What is a benefit of using cloud computing in networking?

Network capabilities are extended without requiring investment in new infrastructure, personnel, or software.

PC1 issues an ARP request because it needs to send a packet to PC2.

PC2 will send an ARP reply with its MAC address.

Which two protocols operate at the top layer of the TCP/IP protocol suite?

POP DNS

packet filtering

Prevents or allows access based on IP or MAC addresses.

URL filtering

Prevents or allows access to websites based on specific URLs or keywords.

What service is provided by POP3?

Retrieves email from the server by downloading the email to the local mail application of the client.

A network administrator needs to keep the user ID, password, and session contents private when establishing remote CLI connectivity with a switch to manage it. Which access method should be chosen?

SSH

Two pings were issued from a host on a local network. The first ping was issued to the IP address of the default gateway of the host and it failed. The second ping was issued to the IP address of a host outside the local network and it was successful. What is a possible cause for the failed ping?

Security rules are applied to the default gateway device, preventing it from processing ping requests.

A client packet is received by a server. The packet has a destination port number of 69. What service is the client requesting?

TFTP

What are two problems that can be caused by a large number of ARP request and reply messages?

The ARP request is sent as a broadcast, and will flood the entire subnet. A large number of ARP request and reply messages may slow down the switching process, leading the switch to make many changes in its MAC table

What is the consequence of configuring a router with the ipv6 unicast-routing global configuration command?​

The IPv6 enabled router interfaces begin sending ICMPv6 Router Advertisement messages.

An administrator is trying to configure the switch but receives the error message that is displayed in the exhibit. What is the problem?

The administrator must first enter privileged EXEC mode before issuing the command.

What will happen if the default gateway address is incorrectly configured on a host?

The host cannot communicate with hosts in other networks.

What are the two most effective ways to defend against malware?

Update the operating system and other application software. Install and update antivirus software

The global configuration command ip default-gateway 172.16.100.1 is applied to a switch. What is the effect of this command?

The switch can be remotely managed from a host on another network.

What three facts can be determined from the viewable output of the show ip interface brief command?

The switch can be remotely managed. One device is attached to a physical interface. The default SVI has been configured

On the basis of the output, which two statements about network connectivity are correct?

There are 4 hops between this device and the device at 192.168.100.1. There is connectivity between this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.

addressing

This field helps to direct the frame toward its destination.

frame start

This field identifies the beginning of a frame.

Which type of security threat would be responsible if a spreadsheet add-on disables the local software firewall?

Trojan horse

A company has a file server that shares a folder named Public. The network security policy specifies that the Public folder is assigned Read-Only rights to anyone who can log into the server while the Edit rights are assigned only to the network admin group. Which component is addressed in the AAA network service framework?

authorization

What are two1 functions that are provided by the network layer?

directing data packets to destination hosts on other networks

What are two characteristics of IP?

does not require a dedicated end-to-end connection operates independently of the network media

Which two functions are performed at the LLC sublayer of the OSI Data Link Layer to facilitate Ethernet communication? (Choose two.)

enables IPv4 and IPv6 to utilize the same physical medium places information in the Ethernet frame that identifies which network layer protocol is being encapsulated by the frame

A network administrator is designing the layout of a new wireless network. Which three areas of concern should be accounted for when building a wireless network?

interference security coverage area

logical topology

ip address of a server

Physical topology diagrams

location of a desktop PC in a classroom path of cables tat conect rooms to wiring closets

What does the term "attenuation" mean in data communication?

loss of signal strength as distance increases

What three requirements are defined by the protocols used in network communcations to allow message transmission across a network?

message size message encoding delivery options

retransmission

method of managing segments of data loss

window size

number of bytes a destination device can accept and process a one time

Hardware threats

physical damage to servers, routers, switches, cabling plant, and workstations

A group of Windows PCs in a new subnet has been added to an Ethernet network. When testing the connectivity, a technician finds that these PCs can access local network resources but not the Internet resources. To troubleshoot the problem, the technician wants to initially confirm the IP address and DNS configurations on the PCs, and also verify connectivity to the local router. Which three Windows CLI commands and utilities will provide the necessary information?

ping ipconfig nslookup

Which two functions are performed at the MAC sublayer of the OSI Data Link Layer to facilitate Ethernet communication?

places information in the Ethernet frame that identifies which network layer protocol is being encapsulated by the frame implements trailer with frame check sequence for error detection

Maintenance threats

poor handling of key electrical components (electrostatic discharge), lack of critical spare parts, poor cabling, and poor labeling

application filtering

prevents access by port number

stateful packet inspection

prevents unsolicited incoming sessions

What is a function of the data link layer?

provides for the exchange data over a common local media

acknowledgement

received by a sender before transmitting more segments in a session

A disgruntled employee is using some free wireless networking tools to determine information about the enterprise wireless networks. This person is planning on using this information to hack the wireless network. What type of attack is this?

reconnaissance

If PC1 is sending a packet to PC2 and routing has been configured between the two routers, what will R1 do with the Ethernet frame header attached by PC1?

remove the Ethernet header and configure a new Layer 2 header before sending it out S0/0/0

Which two commands can be used on a Windows host to display the routing table?

route print netstat -r

A user sends an HTTP request to a web server on a remote network. During encapsulation for this request, what information is added to the address field of a frame to indicate the destination?

the MAC address of the default gateway

Which information does the show startup-config command display?

the contents of the saved configuration file in the NVRAM

error detection

the field checks if the frame has been damaged during the transfer

Users are reporting longer delays in authentication and in accessing network resources during certain time periods of the week. What kind of information should network engineers check to find out if this situation is part of a normal network behavior?

the network performance baseline

message sizing

the process of breaking up a long message into individual pieces before being sent over the network

Message Coding

the process of converting information from one format into another acceptable for transmission

Users report that the network access is slow. After questioning the employees, the network administrator learned that one employee downloaded a third-party scanning program for the printer. What type of malware might be introduced that causes slow performance of the network?

worm

Link-local address

169.254.1.5

Public address

198.133.219.2

Experimental address

240.2.6.255

What characteristic describes a VPN?

a tunneling protocol that provides remote users with secure access into the network of an organization

type

this field is used by the llc to identify the layer 3 protocol

What is the purpose of the TCP sliding window?

to request that a source decrease the rate at which it transmits data

A user is complaining that an external web page is taking longer than normal to load.The web page does eventually load on the user machine. Which tool should the technician use with administrator privileges in order to locate where the issue is in the network?

tracert

What technique is used with UTP cable to help protect against signal interference from crosstalk?

twisting the wires together into pairs

Sequence Numbers

used to identify missing segments of data

Electrical threats

voltage spikes, insufficient supply voltage (brownouts), unconditioned power (noise), and total power loss

During the process of forwarding traffic, what will the router do immediately after matching the destination IP address to a network on a directly connected routing table entry?

switch the packet to the directly connected interface

Environmental threat

temperature extremes or humidity extremes

message encapsulation

the process of placing one message format inside another message format

What characteristic describes identity theft?

the use of stolen credentials to access private data

Why would a Layer 2 switch need an IP address?

to enable the switch to be managed remotely

Which subnet would include the address 192.168.1.96 as a usable host address?

192.168.1.64/26

What would be the interface ID of an IPv6 enabled interface with a MAC address of 1C-6F-65-C2-BD-F8 when the interface ID is generated by using the EUI-64 process?

1E6F:65FF:FEC2:BDF8

Which two statements are correct about MAC and IP addresses during data transmission if NAT is not involved?

2. Destination and source MAC addresses have local significance and change every time a frame goes from one LAN to another.

A client packet is received by a server. The packet has a destination port number of 80. What service is the client requesting?

HTTP

An IPv6 enabled device sends a data packet with the destination address of FF02::2. What is the target of this packet?​

all IPv6 configured routers on the local link​

Which frame field is created by a source node and used by a destination node to ensure that a transmitted data signal has not been altered by interference, distortion, or signal loss?

frame check sequence field

A technician can ping the IP address of the web server of a remote company but cannot successfully ping the URL address of the same web server. Which software utility can the technician use to diagnose the problem?

nslookup

What are two functions that are provided by the network layer?

providing end devices with a unique network identifier

An employee of a large corporation remotely logs into the company using the appropriate username and password. The employee is attending an important video conference with a customer concerning a large sale. It is important for the video quality to be excellent during the meeting. The employee is unaware that after a successful login, the connection to the company ISP failed. The secondary connection, however, activated within seconds. The disruption was not noticed by the employee or other employees. What three network characteristics are described in this scenario?

security quality of service fault tolerance