CD exam 2

Which of the following represents a primary circular reaction?

Kala accidentally touches her nose with her thumb and then repeats it

Which of the following is an example of a tertiary circular reaction?

after many tries, Megan turns her toy sideways and was able to pull it into the crib; not, whenever she wants the toy she turns it sideways to pull it through

The words anoxia and hypoxia

are different; with anoxia meaning no oxygen and hypoxia means under oxygen

Infant cries

are expressive and functional

David is a new father and wants to know what he can do to further his child's language development. He reads a few research studies and finds that language growth in children is enhanced when adults

ask questions of the child

One negative factor to consider regarding breast-feeding is that

breast milk can transmit HIV and environmental hazards, such as PCBs, to the infant

how can we assess infant visual preferences?

by measuring how long infants look at particular objects

Research on language development shows that

children are born ready to learn any language, but quickly adapt to their native language

Infant "ooh" and "ah" sounds which are linked to pleasure or positive excitement are called:

cooing

Jocelyn watches as her mother puts her toys in a basket. Two weeks later after having engaged in this behavior, Jocelyn attempts to put her toys in the basket. This illustrates

deferred imitation

second stage of childbirth

ends with the birth of the fetus

What are "Braxton Hick's" contractions?

false labor contractions that can begin as early as the sixth month of pregnancy

Which of the following is a central feature of failure to thrive?

feeding problems

How should new foods be introduced to an infant?

foods should be introduces one at a time to assess for allergies or preferences

Who matures more quickly and will reach half their adult height by 18 months of age?

girls

Once a child is born, various procedures are preformed on the infant, including foot printing, putting antibiotic ointment in the eyes to prevent infection, and giving the baby a shot of Vitamin K to

help the blood clot properly if the newborn bleeds

In comparison to visual acuity in the neonate, hearing

is considerably more developed

When it comes to motor development

it is dependent upon a combination of maturation and experience

A preterm infant

may have a weak sucking and breathing reflexes

Does early maternal contact soon after birth influence bonding?

maybe; the hours after birth are just one element in a complex bonding process

If a child's brain cannot control heartbeat and respiration, which part of the brain might be damaged?

medulla

do neonates have the peripheral vision of older children?

no they do not; infants prefer to look through the centers of their eyes

A child learns to call a dog "bow-wow" and now calls all animals he sees "bow-wow." This is an example of

overextension

Alexander reaches to pick up a Cheerio off the floor. In doing so, he uses his thumb to assist in picking up the piece of cereal. This is referred to as the

pincer grasp

In which substage of sensorimotor development would you first witness goal-directed behavior?

primary circular reactions

in the studies of infants memory in which a mobile was tied to an infant's ankle, infant memory was improves by

priming, or giving a reminder of what the mobile does

Whereas Broca's area is involved in language ____, Wernicke's area is involved in language ____.

production; comprehension

Infants grab large things before than can pick up tiny objects. What type of development does this represent?

proximodistal

Because fetal exposure to ________ can cause defects in a number of organs, pregnant women are advised to avoid unnecessary exposure to _______.

radiation; x-rays

Which of the following is TRUE?

receptive vocabulary generally exceeds expressive vocabulary

An example of shape constancy is

recognizing that a door is a rectangle whether it is closed or ajar.

In what order would an infant display;ay the following movement abilities?

rolling over, sitting up, creeping, crawling

Emma is 7 months old. She shakes a rattle so it will make a noise she likes. This is an example of

secondary circular reaction

The story of Genie

supports the hypothesis that there are sensitive periods for learning language

Environmental agents that can harm the embryo or fetus are called

teratogens

If a child is born with missing or stunted limbs, which of the following is the mother MOST likely to have invested during the second month of pregnancy?

thalidomide

With the rooting reflex:

the baby turns the head and mouth toward a stimulus that strokes the cheek

Which of the following is TRUE about Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

the causes of SIDS are not precisely known

Which of the following is a characteristic of the first stage of childbirth?

the cervix becoming dilated and effaced

When looking at human faces, infants under two months of age prefer to look at

the edges, such as the chin

lightening or dropping, is the process during which

the head of the fetus settles down int he pelvis

What has research shown about the effects of exposing preterm babies to stimulation such as massage and/or kangaroo care?

the infants show weight gains and fewer respiratory problems

At about 18 to 22 months of age, there is a rapid burst in vocabulary. Approximately 75% of the words added during this time are nouns. This vocabulary burst can be called

the naming explosion

Rebecca is in labor with her first child. Her physician informs her it will be necessary to deliver the child via C-section. What does this mean?

the physician will cut through the abdomen and uterus and remove the baby

While Maria's just-born baby is getting an identification bracelet, eye drops, and a vitamin K shot, what is going on in the third stage of childbirth for Maria?

the placenta and fetak membranes are being expelled

The Lamaze method involves

the use of breathing and relaxation techniques during contractions

a woman is considered ready to deliver a fetus

when the cervix is effaced and dilated to 10 cm

Joseph has been treated for FTT and is now returning to his normal growth rate. What does this represent?

Canalization

Research has found that infants as young as 2.5 months of age have a rudimentary form of object permanence. Why then, do they not actively search for hidden objects until 8 months of age?

Coordination of acts do not occur until 8 months

Jan says that neonates are not sensitive to pain and that this adaptive to them in the birthing process. Lynn says that neonates do in fact feel pain and they should be given anesthesia for uncomfortable, painful procedures. Melissa says that neonates do feel pain but they are less sensitive to pain than are older children. Given recent research who is correct?

Lynn

If you change a baby's position, and the infant's reaction is to arch the back, fling the arms and legs out, and then bring them back toward the chest, what reflex has occurred?

Moro

Nicole recently had her first child. Immediately after the birth, she felt somewhat depressed for about 10 days, after which, she felt like her old self again. Which of the following is TRUE?

Nicole likely had the baby blues

Ashley has grown to an adult height of five feet tall. Even though she would like to be taller, she will never grow taller than five feet. She is being restricted by

a genetic limitation called "reaction range"

A child says "doggy" as a way of telling her mother that she sees a dog. This is an example of

a holophrase

What is a language acquisition device (LAD)?

a neural prewiring that allows children to learn grammar

Object permanence refers to

a recognition that things continue to exist even when they are out of sight

Which of the following is NOT assessed with the Apgar scale?

brainwave activity

When it comes to locomotive development

there is a great deal of consistency in the order of skill development

Which of the following is MOST accurate about methadone and heroine?

they can readily cross through the placental membrane to the fetus

Why is voluntary reaching and grasping NOT present at birth?

this requires visual-motor coordination

why might an addicted newborn be given a narcotic shortly after brith?

to avoid serious withdrawal symptoms

The infant brain

tripes in weight by the child's first birthday

A main reason to test infant intelligence is so that we can

try to detect early sensory or neurological problems

A child is holding a toy clumsily, using only his fingers and palm. This is an example of

ulnar grasp

Mirror neurons are activated by

watching another perform the same act and/or imitating it