CD Final Review Quizzes Ingate

Self-care, in which children regularly look after themselves for some period of time during after-school hours, ________.

A. increases with age and with SES

Adam and Philip occasionally wrestle, roll, hit, and run after one another, alternating roles while smiling and laughing. Adam and Philip are engaged in __________ play.

C. rough-and-tumble

Research confirms that an effective way to reduce prejudice is through ________.

A. intergroup contact in racially and ethnically diverse cooperative learning groups

In a two-way language immersion program, ________.

A. language-minority students acquiring English and native English-speaking students are taught together

The correspondence between the classmates children perceive as popular and those classified as popular based on peer preferences is ________, which suggests that children perceived as popular ________.

A. moderate; are not, and many children are more popular than they are perceived to be

Children who __________ are more likely to be overweight later in life.

C. get less nightly sleep

Arthur Jensen promoted the idea that __________ is largely responsible for individual, ethnic, and SES variations in intelligence.

C. heredity

In a study of fourth graders, children who were either experts or novices in knowledge of soccer were given lists of soccer and nonsoccer items to learn. Experts remembered far more items on the soccer list (but not the nonsoccer list), indicating that ________.

C. highly knowledgeable children organize information in their area of expertise with little or no effort

Chronic stress triggers ________, which in turn frequently induces a raging appetite and subsequent weight gain.

C. insulin resistance

Consistently providing children with unearned praise ________.

C. predicts declines in self-esteem over time

Obesity is defined as ________.

C. being more than 20 percent above healthy weight, based on body mass index (BMI)

Which personality traits is a child most likely to describe as feminine?

C. dependent

Which statement about parent-child relationships is true?

A. Both parents tend to devote more time to children of their own sex.

Which statement about the causes of childhood obesity is true?

A. Excessive food intake induces epigenetic modifications in expression of genes affecting metabolism.

Because 5- to 7-year-olds' gross-motor skills are not fully developed, ________ would be a more appropriate sport for them than ________.

A. T-ball; baseball

Which statement about physical education is true?

A. Very few U.S. states require physical education in every grade.

Which statement about the effects of ethnic and political violence on children is true?

A. War-related consequences for children seem to be culturally universal, appearing in children of every war zone studied.

The most effective treatment for enuresis is ________.

A. a urine alarm

In developing countries, rates of obesity have risen as a result of ________.

A. an urbanized shift toward sedentary lifestyles

The most common chronic childhood illness in the United States is ________.

A. asthma

School-age children with a strong sense of attachment security and whose parents use a(n) ________ child-rearing style feel especially good about themselves.

A. authoritative

Which situation is an example of implicit bias?

A. being more likely to associate positive characteristics with one's own group than with others

According to Sternberg, traditional intelligence tests ________.

A. do not capture intellectual strengths acquired through informal learning experiences

Compared to maps made by children from Western cultures, maps made by children from cultures that do not emphasize using maps for navigation would be more likely to depict ________.

A. people and vehicles

Children who are taught mathematics entirely by rote would be likely to ________.

A. persistently make mistakes because they do not understand the rules they are applying

In ________ coping, children appraise a situation as changeable, identify the source of the difficulty, and decide what to do about it.

A. problem-centered

Nick is passive and socially awkward. He worries often, holds negative expectations about his peer interactions, and is disliked by many of his classmates. Nick is a __________ child.

A. rejected-withdrawn

In a constructivist classroom, ________.

A. teachers guide and support learning, but are not the sole authority for knowledge

Which of the following statements about chronically ill children is true?

B. A strong link exists between good family functioning and child well-being for chronically ill children.

Which statement about attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is true?

B. Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) find it hard to ignore irrelevant information.

Which statement about childhood obesity rates in the United States is true?

B. In older age groups, the percentage of overweight children who are obese is greater than it is in younger age groups.

Which statement about in-group favoritism is true?

B. It involves preferring members of one's own group over others.

Which statement about childhood injuries is true?

B. Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of injury fatalities in middle childhood.

Which situation best illustrates reciprocal teaching?

B. Nicco, Tyler, and their teacher read a passage on ecosystems and take turns leading dialogues on it.

With regard to teaching mathematics, most experts agree that ________.

B. a blend of drill in computing and "number sense" is most beneficial

Interventions designed to give children self-regulation training ________.

B. are fully effective only when stressors are manageable and not overwhelming

Quinn knows that she should group items when memorizing lists, but she does not always do so. Quinn is not yet good at ________.

B. cognitive self-regulation

In middle childhood, children's self-descriptions start to emphasize ________.

B. competencies

Children expand the mental number line first by ________.

B. extending it to the right with larger whole numbers, then filling it in with fractions, and then extending it to the left with negative numbers

Pruning and reorganization of brain circuits lead to ________.

B. gains in working-memory capacity

Children who do not realize that a mapmaker's assigned meaning supersedes physical resemblance would be likely to ________.

B. have difficulty understanding that a yellow school bus could be represented by a blue star

Eleven-year-old Dalton is more likely than 6-year-old Janine to explain emotion by referring to ________.

B. internal states

Jalen observes that stick A is longer than stick B and that stick B is longer than stick C. If Jalen is capable of making transitive inferences, he would also be able to conclude that ________.

B. stick <i>A</i> is longer than stick <i>C</i>

As a result of the 2001 No Child Left Behind Act (NCLBA) and its 2015 replacement, the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), ________.

B. the curricular focus in public schools has narrowed, placing more emphasis on preparing students for achievement tests

Metalinguistic awareness refers to the ability to ________.

B. think about language as a system

Asian parents and teachers are more likely than their American counterparts to ________.

B. view effort as a moral responsibility

In a study on stereotypes in which some 6- to 10-year-olds were told that certain verbal tasks are "not a test" and others are told that they were "a test of how good children are at school problems," ________ performed worse when they were told that the tasks ________.

C. African-Americans and Hispanics; were a test

Which statement about language development during middle childhood is true?

C. Children's reflective, analytical approach to language permits them to appreciate the multiple meanings of words.

Which statement is supported by research on school recess?

C. Distributing cognitively demanding tasks over a longer time by introducing regular breaks enhances attention and performance.

Which statement about divorce and custody is true?

C. The divorce rate for second marriages is higher than for first marriages.

Elena moved to the United States from Guatemala when she was 6 years old. She speaks Spanish fluently but has limited ability to understand English. Research shows that if her school curriculum integrates both Spanish and English, she will ________.

C. acquire English more easily

Which factor is associated with children being less likely to hold racial and ethnic biases?

C. basing judgments of people on their motives and circumstances

Which factor plays the largest role in accounting for boys' superiority in gross-motor skills?

C. the social environment

Which statement about group differences in IQ scores of American children is true?

D. Although the difference in IQ scores between African-American children and European-American children has been shrinking over the past several decades, a substantial gap remains.

Which statement about gender-atypical children in middle childhood is true?

D. Children who, on gender typicality, express an androgynous identity tend to report high self-esteem and few internalizing problems.

Which statement about maternal employment is true?

D. Daughters of employed mothers perceive women's roles as involving more freedom of choice and satisfaction.

Which statement about culture, schooling, and memory strategies is accurate?

D. Societal modernization is broadly associated with performance on cognitive tasks commonly given to children in industrialized nations.

Which statement about bullying is true?

D. The percentage of children who are bullied is greater than the percentage of children who are bullies.

Which statement about gender-stereotyped beliefs is true?

D. When presented with a boy and a girl who are equally successful at math, elementary school teachers tend to see the girl as having to work harder.

Child-invented games usually rely on ________.

D. a sizable element of luck

Sternberg's triarchic theory of successful intelligence is comprised of which of the following three broad, interacting intelligences?

D. analytical, creative, and practical

In international studies of reading, mathematics, and science achievement, U.S. students typically perform ________.

D. at or below the international averages

The gap separating the shortest and tallest 8-year-olds worldwide is explained by ________.

D. both hereditary and environmental factors

Numerous child welfare and mental health organizations have publicly denounced recent U.S. separation and deportation practices based on ________.

D. evidence that children separated from their parents are at greatest risk for long-term maladjustment

In considering achievement outcomes, Asians attend more to ________ than to ________.

D. failure; success

Self-esteem ________ during elementary school.

D. generally remains high

Between ages 6 and 8, girls are slightly ________ than boys.

D. shorter and lighter

The __________ factor on the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Edition, is assumed to be less culturally biased than other factors because it ________.

D. visual-spatial processing; requires little specific information

U.S. legislation mandates that schools place children who require special supports for learning in ________.

a. the "least restrictive" environments that meet their educational needs

Margaret is high in academic self-esteem and motivation. She probably credits her successes to

b. ability and effort