CDX Diesel Chapter 1
Diesel Engines are used in heavy-duty trucks for these 3 reasons.
1. Superior fuel economy 2. Higher engine torque output 3. Greater durability and longevity
Class 6
19501 - 26000 #
Class 7
26001-33000 # dump trucks and garbage truck
Class 8
33,001 + #s Semi's
common rail
A high-pressure injection system that electroniccally varies injection pressure, timing, and rate
plasma catalytic converters
A new catalytic converter technology that uses high-frequency alternating current to destroy noxious emission in the exhaust system.
26%
The original diesel built in 1893 operated at what thermal effieciency?
power density
The power an engine produces for its displacement
11 mpg fuel economy
What is the average fuel economy of a today's diesel engines.
top dead center (TDC)
the highest point the piston travels in a cylinder
particulate matter
A category of noxious emissions made up of liquid or solid particles. Black exhaust soot is a common PM emission
thermal efficiency
A comparison between the amount of energy released during combustion and energy available at the engine flywheel.
compression ratio
A comparison between total cyclinder volume and clearance volume
biodiesel
A fuel derived from a plant or animal source.
ton-miles per gallon
A measure used for new fuel efficiency standards that is calculated by measureing the vehicle weight in tons, multiplying by the volume of fuel consumed measured in gallons. the metric equivalent of ton-miles per gallon is grams per ton.
torque
A measurement of rotational, or twisiting, force transmitted from the crankshaft to the flywheel
down speeding
A straegy that takes advantage of a diesel engine's high torque output at low engine speeds by lowering drived axle gear ratios. The engine operates at lower rpm while operating at highway speeds.
40%
Adoping clean diesel technologies could reduce CO2 (carbon Dioxide) emissions up to this percent?
Otto cycle
An engine operating cycle consisting of four strokes: intake, compression, power, and exhaust.
selective catalyst reduction (SCR)
An exhaust aftertreatment technology that taragets and breaks down NOx emissions.
diesel particulate filter (DPF)
An exhaust emission after treatment device that filters soot particulate from the exhaust stream.
lean burn combustion
Combustion that uses an excess amount of air to burn fuel. The cyclinder is considered fuel lean and air rich
20-40%
Diesel engines produce this percentage of greenhouse gases when compaired to a gasoline engine
useful life requirement
Emission legislation that requires an engine to remain below maximim emission thresholds for its normal expected service life.
turbocharger
Exhaust-driven device that compresses air to pressurize the air intake of an engine.
greenhouse gas
Gases that are believed to contribute to global warming
10-12%
How much more energy content does diesel fuel have over gas fuel
435,000 miles
In 2004 the useful life requirement of a heavy-duty truck was?
Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS)
Legislation that requires the use of more biologically based fuels from renewable sources.
25-60%
Light duty diesel engines will have this percetage better fuel economy over gasoline engines
torque elasticity
The ability of an engine to produce the torque needed to accelerated from medium to high engine speed while under load.
22%
The diesel engine market is comprised of 5% of all vehicle registrations. Diesel engines consume this percentage of transportation fuels.
Just above idle RPM
When does a diesel engine begin to make high torque?
