CEH-CL_Set_1

39 ( Topic 3) Which Type of scan sends a packets with no flags set ? Select the

- A. Open Scan B. Null Scan C. Xmas Scan D. Half-Open Scan Answer : B Explanation: The types of port connections supported are: -> TCP Full Connect. This mode makes a full connection to the target's TCP ports and can save any data or banners returned from the target. This mode is the most accurate for determining TCP services, but it is also easily recognized by Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). -> UDP ICMP Port Unreachable Connect. This mode sends a short UDP packet to the target's UDP ports and looks for an ICMP Port Unreachable message in return. The absence of that message indicates either the port is used, or the target does not return the ICMP message which can lead to false positives. It can save any data or banners returned from the target. This mode is also easily recognized by IDS. -> TCP Full/UDP ICMP Combined. This mode combines the previous two modes into one operation. -> TCP SYN Half Open. (Windows XP/2000 only) This mode sends out a SYN packet to the target port and listens for the appropriate response. Open ports respond with a SYN|ACK and closed ports respond with ACK|RST or RST. This mode is less likely to be noted by IDS, but since the connection is never fully completed, it cannot gather data or banner information. However, the attacker has full control over TTL, Source Port, MTU, Sequence number, and Window parameters in the SYN packet. -> TCP Other. (Windows XP/2000 only) This mode sends out a TCP packet with any combination of the SYN, FIN, ACK, RST, PSH, URG flags set to the target port and listens for the response. Again, the attacker can have full control over TTL, Source Port, MTU, Sequence number, and Window parameters in the custom TCP packet. The Analyze feature helps with analyzing the response based on the flag settings chosen. Each operating system responds differently to these special combinations. The tool includes presets for XMAS, NULL, FIN and ACK flag settings.

22 ( Topic 2) According to the CEH methodology, what is the next step to be performed after footprinting? A. Enumeration B. Scanning C. System Hacking D. Social Engineering E. Expanding Influence

: B Explanation: Once footprinting has been completed, scanning should be attempted next. Scanning should take place on two distinct levels: network and host.

35 ( Topic 3) The following excerpt is taken from a honeyput log. The log captures activities across three days. There are several intrusion attempts; however, a few are successful. Study the log given below and answer the following question: (Note: The objective of this questions is to test whether the student has learnt about passive OS fingerprinting (which should tell them the OS from log captures): can they tell a SQL injection attack signature; can they infer if a user ID has been created by an attacker and whether they can read plain source destination entries from log entries.) What can you infer from the above log? A. The system is a windows system which is being scanned unsuccessfully. B. The system is a web application server compromised through SQL injection. by the attacker. D. The actual IP of the successful attacker is 24.9.255.53.

: A

99 ( Topic 3) Your are trying the scan a machine located at ABC companys LAN named mail.abc.com. Actually that machine located behind the firewall. Which port is used by nmap to send the TCP synchronize frame to on mail.abc.com? A. 443 B. 80 C. 8080 D. 23

: A

17 ( Topic 2) You receive an email with the following message: Hello Steve, We are having technical difficulty in restoring user database record after the recent blackout. Your account data is corrupted. Please logon to the SuperEmailServices.com and change your password. http://[email protected]/support/logon.htm If you do not reset your password within 7 days, your account will be permanently disabled locking you out from our e-mail services. Sincerely, Technical Support - SuperEmailServices - From this e-mail you suspect that this message was sent by some hacker since you have been using their e-mail services for the last 2 years and they have never sent out an e-mail such as this. You also observe the URL in the message and confirm your suspicion about 0xde.0xad.0xbde.0xef which looks like hexadecimal numbers. You immediately enter the following at Windows 2000 command prompt: Ping 0xde.0xad.0xbe.0xef - You get a response with a valid IP address. What is the obstructed IP address in the e-mail URL? A. 222.173.190.239 B. 233.34.45.64 C. 54.23.56.55 D. 199.223.23.45

: A Explanation: 0x stands for hexadecimal and DE=222, AD=173, BE=190 and EF=239

7 ( Topic 1) Steven works as a security consultant and frequently performs penetration tests for Fortune 500 companies. Steven runs external and internal tests and then creates reports to show the companies where their weak areas are. Steven always signs a non-disclosure agreement before performing his tests. What would Steven be considered? A. Whitehat Hacker B. BlackHat Hacker C. Grayhat Hacker D. Bluehat Hacker

: A Explanation: A white hat hacker, also rendered as ethical hacker, is, in the realm of information technology, a person who is ethically opposed to the abuse of computer systems. Realization that the Internet now represents human voices from around the world has made the defense of its integrity an important pastime for many. A white hat generally focuses on securing IT systems, whereas a black hat (the opposite) would like to break into them.

55 ( Topic 3) Mark works as a contractor for the Department of Defense and is in charge of network security. He has spent the last month securing access to his network from all possible entry points. He has segmented his network into several subnets and has installed firewalls all over the network. He has placed very stringent rules on all the firewalls, blocking everything in and out except ports that must be used. He does need to have port 80 open since his company hosts a website that must be accessed from the Internet. Mark is fairly confident of his perimeter defense, but is still worried about programs like Hping2 that can get into a network through convert channels. How should mark protect his network from an attacker using Hping2 to scan his internal network? A. Blocking ICMP type 13 messages B. Block All Incoming traffic on port 53 C. Block All outgoing traffic on port 53 D. Use stateful inspection on the firewalls

: A Explanation: An ICMP type 13 message is an ICMP timestamp request and waits for an ICMP timestamp reply. The remote node is right to do, still it would not be necessary as it is optional and thus many ip stacks ignore such packets. Nevertheless, nmap again achived to make its packets unique by setting the originating timestamp field in the packet to 0.

58 ( Topic 3) home/root # traceroute www.targetcorp.com <http://www.targetcorp.com> traceroute to www.targetcorp.com <http://www.targetcorp.com> (192.168.12.18), 64 hops may, 40 byte packets 1 router.anon.com (192.13.212.254) 1.373 ms 1.123 ms 1.280 ms 2 192.13.133.121 (192.13.133.121) 3.680 ms 3.506 ms 4.583 ms 3 firewall.anon.com (192.13.192.17) 127.189 ms 257.404 ms 208.484 ms 4 anon-gw.anon.com (192.93.144.89) 471.68 ms 376.875 ms 228.286 ms 5 fe5-0.lin.isp.com (192.162.231.225) 2.961 ms 3.852 ms 2.974 ms 6 fe0-0.lon0.isp.com (192.162.231.234) 3.979 ms 3.243 ms 4.370 ms 7 192.13.133.5 (192.13.133.5) 11.454 ms 4.221 ms 3.333 ms 6 * * * 7 * * * 8 www.targetcorp.com <http://www.targetcorp.com> (192.168.12.18) 5.392 ms 3.348 ms 3.199 ms Use the traceroute results shown above to answer the following question: The perimeter security at targetcorp.com does not permit ICMP TTL-expired packets out. A. True B. False

: A Explanation: As seen in the exhibit there is 2 registrations with timeout, this tells us that the firewall filters packets where the TTL has reached 0, when you continue with higher starting values for TTL you will get an answer from the target of the traceroute.

8 ( Topic 1) The United Kingdom (UK) he passed a law that makes hacking into an unauthorized network a felony. The law states: Section1 of the Act refers to unauthorized access to computer material. This states that a person commits an offence if he causes a computer to perform any function with intent to secure unauthorized access to any program or data held in any computer. For a successful conviction under this part of the Act, the prosecution must prove that the access secured is unauthorized and that the suspect knew that this was the case. This section is designed to deal with common-or-graden hacking. Section 2 of the deals with unauthorized access with intent to commit or facilitate the commission of further offences. An offence is committed under Section 2 if a Section 1 offence has been committed and there is the intention of committing or facilitating a further offense (any offence which attacks a custodial sentence of more than five years, not necessarily one covered but the Act). Even if it is not possible to prove the intent to commit the further offence, the Section 1 offence is still committed. Section 3 Offences cover unauthorized modification of computer material, which generally means the creation and distribution of viruses. For conviction to succeed there must have been the intent to cause the modifications and knowledge that the modification had not been authorized What is the law called? A. Computer Misuse Act 1990 B. Computer incident Act 2000 C. Cyber Crime Law Act 2003 D. Cyber Space Crime Act 1995

: A Explanation: Computer Misuse Act (1990) creates three criminal offences: -> Unauthorised access to computer material -> Unauthorised access to a computer system with intent to commit or facilitate the commission of a further offence -> Unauthorised modification of computer material

25 ( Topic 2) Network Administrator Patricia is doing an audit of the network. Below are some of her findings concerning DNS. Which of these would be a cause for alarm? Select the best answer. A. There are two external DNS Servers for Internet domains. Both are AD integrated. B. All external DNS is done by an ISP. C. Internal AD Integrated DNS servers are using private DNS names that are D. unregistered. E. Private IP addresses are used on the internal network and are registered with the internal AD integrated DNS server.

: A Explanation: Explanations: A. There are two external DNS Servers for Internet domains. Both are AD integrated. This is the correct answer. Having an AD integrated DNS external server is a serious cause for alarm. There is no need for this and it causes vulnerability on the network. B. All external DNS is done by an ISP. This is not the correct answer. This would not be a cause for alarm. This would actually reduce the company's network risk as it is offloaded onto the ISP. C. Internal AD Integrated DNS servers are using private DNS names that are unregistered. This is not the correct answer. This would not be a cause for alarm. This would actually reduce the company's network risk. D. Private IP addresses are used on the internal network and are registered with the internal AD integrated DNS server. This is not the correct answer. This would not be a cause for alarm. This would actually reduce the company's network risk.

43 ( Topic 3) Bob has been hired to perform a penetration test on ABC.com. He begins by looking at IP address ranges owned by the company and details of domain name registration. He then goes to News Groups and financial web sites to see if they are leaking any sensitive information of have any technical details online. Within the context of penetration testing methodology, what phase is Bob involved with? A. Passive information gathering B. Active information gathering C. Attack phase D. Vulnerability Mapping

: A Explanation: He is gathering information and as long as he doesnt make contact with any of the targets systems he is considered gathering this information in a passive mode.

54 ( Topic 3) What are twp types of ICMP code used when using the ping command? A. It uses types 0 and 8. B. It uses types 13 and 14. C. It uses types 15 and 17. D. The ping command does not use ICMP but uses UDP.

: A Explanation: ICMP Type 0 = Echo Reply, ICMP Type 8 = Echo

38 ( Topic 3) You are manually conducting Idle Scanning using Hping2. During your scanning you notice that almost every query increments the IPID regardless of the port being queried. One or two of the queries cause the IPID to increment by more than one value. Why do you think this occurs? A. The zombie you are using is not truly idle. B. A stateful inspection firewall is resetting your queries. C. Hping2 cannot be used for idle scanning. D. These ports are actually open on the target system.

: A Explanation: If the IPID is incremented by more than the normal increment for this type of system it means that the system is interacting with some other system beside yours and has sent packets to an unknown host between the packets destined for you.

33 ( Topic 2) Bill has started to notice some slowness on his network when trying to update his companys website while trying to access the website from the Internet. Bill asks the help desk manager if he has received any calls about slowness from the end users, but the help desk manager says that he has not. Bill receives a number of calls from customers that cant access the company website and cant purchase anything online. Bill logs on to a couple of this routers and notices that the logs shows network traffic is at all time high. He also notices that almost all the traffic is originating from a specific address. Bill decides to use Geotrace to find out where the suspect IP is originates from. The Geotrace utility runs a traceroute and finds that IP is coming from Panama. Bill knows that none of his customers are in Panama so he immediately thinks that his company is under a Denial of Service attack. Now Bill needs to find out more about the originating IP Address. What Internet registry should Bill look in to find the IP Address? A. LACNIC B. ARIN C. RIPELACNIC D. APNIC

: A Explanation: LACNIC is the Latin American and Caribbean Internet Addresses Registry that administers IP addresses, autonomous system numbers, reverse DNS, and other network resources for that region.

50 ( Topic 3) Samantha has been actively scanning the client network for which she is doing a vulnerability assessment test. While doing a port scan she notices ports open in the 135 to 139 range. What protocol is most likely to be listening on those ports? A. SMB B. FTP C. SAMBA D. FINGER

: A Explanation: Port 135 is for RPC and 136-139 is for NetBIOS traffic. SMB is an upper layer service that runs on top of the Session Service and the Datagram service of NetBIOS.

11 ( Topic 1) Which of the following act in the united states specifically criminalizes the transmission of unsolicited commercial e-mail(SPAM) without an existing business relationship. A. 2004 CANSPAM Act B. 2003 SPAM Preventing Act C. 2005 US-SPAM 1030 Act D. 1990 Computer Misuse Act

: A Explanation: The CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 (Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act) establishes requirements for those who send commercial email, spells out penalties for spammers and companies whose products are advertised in spam if they violate the law, and gives consumers the right to ask emailers to stop spamming them. The law, which became effective January 1, 2004, covers email whose primary purpose is advertising or promoting a commercial product or service, including content on a Web site. A "transactional or relationship message" email that facilitates an agreed-upon transaction or updates a customer in an existing business relationship may not contain false or misleading routing information, but otherwise is exempt from most provisions of the CAN-SPAM Act. Topic 2, Footprinting -

61 ( Topic 3) Which of the following is a patch management utility that scans one or more computers on your network and alerts you if you important Microsoft Security patches are missing. It then provides links that enable those missing patches to be downloaded and installed. A. MBSA B. BSSA C. ASNB D. PMUS

: A Explanation: The Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer (MBSA) is a tool put out by Microsoft to help analyze security problems in Microsoft Windows. It does this by scanning the system for security problems in Windows, Windows components such as the IIS web server application, Microsoft SQL Server, and Microsoft Office. One example of an issue might be that permissions for one of the directories in the wwwroot folder of IIS could be set at too low a level, allowing unwanted modification of files from outsiders.

89 ( Topic 3) Bob is a Junior Administrator at ABC.com is searching the port number of POP3 in a file. The partial output of the file is look like: In which file he is searching? A. services B. protocols C. hosts D. resolve.conf

: A Explanation: The port numbers on which certain standard services are offered are defined in the RFC 1700 Assigned Numbers. The /etc/services file enables server and client programs to convert service names to these numbers -ports. The list is kept on each host and it is stored in the file /etc/services.

14 ( Topic 2) You are footprinting the www.xsecurity.com domain using the Google Search Engine. You would like to determine what sites link to www.xsecurity .com at the first level of revelance. Which of the following operator in Google search will you use to achieve this? A. Link: www.xsecurity.com B. serch?l:www.xsecurity.com C. level1.www.security.com D. pagerank:www.xsecurity.com

: A Explanation: The query [link:] will list webpages that have links to the specified webpage. For instance, [link:www.google.com] will list webpages that have links pointing to the Google homepage. Note there can be no space between the "link:" and the web page url.

49 ( Topic 3) While reviewing the results of a scan run against a target network you come across the following: What was used to obtain this output? A. An SNMP Walk B. Hping2 diagnosis C. A Bo2K System query D. Nmap protocol/port scan

: A Explanation: The snmpwalk command is designed to perform a sequence of chained GETNEXT requests automatically, rather than having to issue the necessary snmpgetnext requests by hand. The command takes a single OID, and will display a list of all the results which lie within the subtree rooted on this OID.

5 ( Topic 1) What is "Hacktivism"? A. Hacking for a cause B. Hacking ruthlessly C. An association which groups activists D. None of the above

: A Explanation: The term was coined by author/critic Jason Logan King Sack in an article about media artist Shu Lea Cheang. Acts of hacktivism are carried out in the belief that proper use of code will have leveraged effects similar to regular activism or civil disobedience.

83 ( Topic 3) Which of the following nmap command in Linux procedures the above output? A. sudo nmap -sP 192.168.0.1/24 B. root nmap -sA 192.168.0.1/24 C. run nmap -TX 192.168.0.1/24 D. launch nmap -PP 192.168.0.1/24

: A Explanation: This is an output from a ping scan. The option sP will give you a ping scan of the 192.168.0.1/24 network.

60 ( Topic 3) Gerald, the systems administrator for Hyped Enterprise, has just discovered that his network has been breached by an outside attacker. After performing routine maintenance on his servers, his discovers numerous remote tools were installed that no one claims to have knowledge of in his department. Gerald logs onto the management console for his IDS and discovers an unknown IP address that scanned his network constantly for a week and was able to access his network through a high-level port that was not closed. Gerald traces the IP address he found in the IDS log to proxy server in Brazil. Gerald calls the company that owns the proxy server and after searching through their logs, they trace the source to another proxy server in Switzerland. Gerald calls the company in Switzerland that owns the proxy server and after scanning through the logs again, they trace the source back to a proxy server in China. What tool Geraldss attacker used to cover their tracks? A. Tor B. ISA C. IAS D. Cheops

: A Explanation: Tor is a network of virtual tunnels that allows people and groups to improve their privacy and security on the Internet. It also enables software developers to create new communication tools with built-in privacy features. It provides the foundation for a range of applications that allow organizations and individuals to share information over public networks without compromising their privacy. Individuals can use it to keep remote Websites from tracking them and their family members. They can also use it to connect to resources such as news sites or instant messaging services that are blocked by their local Internet service providers (ISPs).

19 ( Topic 2) The terrorist organizations are increasingly blocking all traffic from North America or from Internet Protocol addresses that point to users who rely on the English Language. Hackers sometimes set a number of criteria for accessing their website. This information is shared among the co-hackers. For example if you are using a machine with the Linux Operating System and the Netscape browser then you will have access to their website in a convert way. When federal investigators using PCs running windows and using Internet Explorer visited the hackers shared site, the hackers system immediately mounted a distributed denial-of-service attack against the federal system. Companies today are engaging in tracking competitors through reverse IP address lookup sites like whois.com, which provide an IP addresss domain. When the competitor visits the companies website they are directed to a products page without discount and prices are marked higher for their product. When normal users visit the website they are directed to a page with full-blown product details along with attractive discounts. This is based on IP-based blocking, where certain addresses are barred from accessing a site. What is this masking technique called? A. Website Cloaking B. Website Filtering C. IP Access Blockade D. Mirrored WebSite

: A Explanation: Website Cloaking travels under a variety of alias including Stealth, Stealth scripts, IP delivery, Food Script, and Phantom page technology. Its hot- due to its ability to manipulate those elusive top-ranking results from spider search engines.

87 ( Topic 3) Which of the following systems would not respond correctly to an nmap XMAS scan? A. Windows 2000 Server running IIS 5 B. Any Solaris version running SAMBA Server C. Any version of IRIX D. RedHat Linux 8.0 running Apache Web Server

: A Explanation: When running a XMAS Scan, if a RST packet is received, the port is considered closed, while no response means it is open|filtered. The big downside is that not all systems follow RFC 793 to the letter. A number of systems send RST responses to the probes regardless of whether the port is open or not. This causes all of the ports to be labeled closed. Major operating systems that do this are Microsoft Windows, many Cisco devices, BSDI, and IBM OS/400.

98 ( Topic 3) Exhibit - Joe Hacker runs the hping2 hacking tool to predict the target hosts sequence numbers in one of the hacking session. What does the first and second column mean? Select two. A. The first column reports the sequence number B. The second column reports the difference between the current and last sequence number C. The second column reports the next sequence number D. The first column reports the difference between current and last sequence number

: A,B

20 ( Topic 2) Which of the following tools are used for footprinting?(Choose four. A. Sam Spade B. NSLookup C. Traceroute D. Neotrace E. Cheops

: A,B,C,D Explanation: All of the tools listed are used for footprinting except Cheops.

9 ( Topic 1) Where should a security tester be looking for information that could be used by an attacker against an organization? (Select all that apply) A. CHAT rooms B. WHOIS database C. News groups D. Web sites E. Search engines F. Organization's own web site

: A,B,C,D,E,F Explanation: A Security tester should search for information everywhere that he/she can access. You never know where you find that small piece of information that could penetrate a strong defense.

64 ( Topic 3) Doug is conducting a port scan of a target network. He knows that his client target network has a web server and that there is a mail server also which is up and running. Doug has been sweeping the network but has not been able to elicit any response from the remote target. Which of the following could be the most likely cause behind this lack of response? Select 4. A. UDP is filtered by a gateway B. The packet TTL value is too low and cannot reach the target C. The host might be down D. The destination network might be down E. The TCP windows size does not match F. ICMP is filtered by a gateway

: A,B,C,F Explanation: If the destination host or the destination network is down there is no way to get an answer and if TTL (Time To Live) is set too low the UDP packets will die before reaching the host because of too many hops between the scanning computer and the target. The TCP receive window size is the amount of received data (in bytes) that can be buffered during a connection. The sending host can send only that amount of data before it must wait for an acknowledgment and window update from the receiving host and ICMP is mainly used for echo requests and not in port scans.

85 ( Topic 3) Name two software tools used for OS guessing.(Choose two. A. Nmap B. Snadboy C. Queso D. UserInfo E. NetBus

: A,C Explanation: Nmap and Queso are the two best-known OS guessing programs. OS guessing software has the ability to look at peculiarities in the way that each vendor implements the RFC's. These differences are compared with its database of known OS fingerprints. Then a best guess of the OS is provided to the user.

69 ( Topic 3) What are the four steps is used by nmap scanning? A. DNS Lookup B. ICMP Message C. Ping D. Reverse DNS lookup E. TCP three way handshake F. The Actual nmap scan

: A,C,D,F Explanation: Nmap performs four steps during a normal device scan. Some of these steps can be modified or disabled using options on the nmap command line. -> If a hostname is used as a remote device specification, nmap will perform a DNS lookup prior to the scan. -> Nmap pings the remote device. This refers to the nmap "ping" process, not (necessarily) a traditional ICMP echo request. -> If an IP address is specified as the remote device, nmap will perform a reverse DNS lookup in an effort to identify a name that might be associated with the IP address. This is the opposite process of what happens in step 1, where an IP address is found from a hostname specification. -> Nmap executes the scan. Once the scan is over, this four-step process is completed. Except for the actual scan process in step four, each of these steps can be disabled or prevented using different IP addressing or nmap options. The nmap process can be as "quiet" or as "loud" as necessary!

12 ( Topic 2) Which one of the following is defined as the process of distributing incorrect Internet Protocol (IP) addresses/names with the intent of diverting traffic? A. Network aliasing B. Domain Name Server (DNS) poisoning C. Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) D. Port scanning

: B Explanation: This reference is close to the one listed DNS poisoning is the correct answer. This is how DNS DOS attack can occur. If the actual DNS records are unattainable to the attacker for him to alter in this fashion, which they should be, the attacker can insert this data into the cache of there server instead of replacing the actual records, which is referred to as cache poisoning.

44 ( Topic 3) What port scanning method involves sending spoofed packets to a target system and then looking for adjustments to the IPID on a zombie system? A. Blind Port Scanning B. Idle Scanning C. Bounce Scanning D. Stealth Scanning E. UDP Scanning

: B Explanation: from NMAP:-sI <zombie host[:probeport]> Idlescan: This advanced scan method allows fora truly blind TCP port scan of the target (meaning no packets are sent tothe tar- get from your real IP address). Instead, a unique side-channelattack exploits predictable "IP fragmentation ID" sequence generation onthe zombie host to glean information about the open ports on the target.

90 ( Topic 3) What port scanning method is the most reliable but also the most detectable? A. Null Scanning B. Connect Scanning C. ICMP Scanning D. Idlescan Scanning E. Half Scanning F. Verbose Scanning

: B Explanation: A TCP Connect scan, named after the Unix connect() system call is the most accurate scanning method. If a port is open the operating system completes the TCP three- way handshake, and the port scanner immediately closes the connection.

27 ( Topic 2) A very useful resource for passively gathering information about a target company is: A. Host scanning B. Whois search C. Traceroute D. Ping sweep

: B Explanation: A, C & D are "Active" scans, the question says: "Passively"

31 ( Topic 2) Your company trainee Sandra asks you which are the four existing Regional Internet Registry (RIR's)? A. APNIC, PICNIC, ARIN, LACNIC B. RIPE NCC, LACNIC, ARIN, APNIC C. RIPE NCC, NANIC, ARIN, APNIC D. RIPE NCC, ARIN, APNIC, LATNIC

: B Explanation: All other answers include non existing organizations (PICNIC, NANIC, LATNIC). See http://www.arin.net/library/internet_info/ripe.html

94 ( Topic 3) What does ICMP (type 11, code 0) denote? A. Unknown Type B. Time Exceeded C. Source Quench D. Destination Unreachable

: B Explanation: An ICMP Type 11, Code 0 means Time Exceeded [RFC792], Code 0 = Time to Live exceeded in Transit and Code 1 = Fragment Reassembly Time Exceeded.

32 ( Topic 2) You are footprinting an organization to gather competitive intelligence. You visit the companys website for contact information and telephone numbers but do not find it listed there. You know that they had the entire staff directory listed on their website 12 months ago but not it is not there. How would it be possible for you to retrieve information from the website that is outdated? A. Visit google's search engine and view the cached copy. B. Visit Archive.org web site to retrieve the Internet archive of the company's website. C. Crawl the entire website and store them into your computer. D. Visit the company's partners and customers website for this information.

: B Explanation: Explanation: Archive.org mirrors websites and categorizes them by date and month depending on the crawl time. Archive.org dates back to 1996, Google is incorrect because the cache is only as recent as the latest crawl, the cache is over-written on each subsequent crawl. Download the website is incorrect because that's the same as what you see online. Visiting customer partners websites is just bogus. The answer is then Firmly, C, archive.org -

72 ( Topic 3) Which FTP transfer mode is required for FTP bounce attack? A. Active Mode B. Passive Mode C. User Mode D. Anonymous Mode

: B Explanation: FTP bounce attack needs the server the support passive connections and the client program needs to use PORT command instead of the PASV command.

78 ( Topic 3) What ICMP message types are used by the ping command? A. Timestamp request (13) and timestamp reply (14) B. Echo request (8) and Echo reply (0) C. Echo request (0) and Echo reply (1) D. Ping request (1) and Ping reply (2)

: B Explanation: ICMP Type 0 = Echo Reply, ICMP Type 8 = Echo

16 ( Topic 2) While footprinting a network, what port/service should you look for to attempt a zone transfer? A. 53 UDP B. 53 TCP C. 25 UDP D. 25 TCP E. 161 UDP F. 22 TCP G. 60 TCP

: B Explanation: IF TCP port 53 is detected, the opportunity to attempt a zone transfer is there.

52 ( Topic 3) You are conducting an idlescan manually using HPING2. During the scanning process, you notice that almost every query increments the IPID- regardless of the port being queried. One or two of the queries cause the IPID to increment by more than one value. Which of he following options would be a possible reason? A. Hping2 can't be used for idlescanning B. The Zombie you are using is not truly idle C. These ports are actually open on the target system D. A stateful inspection firewall is resetting your queries

: B Explanation: If the IPID increments more than one value that means that there has been network traffic between the queries so the zombie is not idle.

62 ( Topic 3) War dialing is a very old attack and depicted in movies that were made years ago. Why would a modem security tester consider using such an old technique? A. It is cool, and if it works in the movies it must work in real life. B. It allows circumvention of protection mechanisms by being on the internal network. C. It allows circumvention of the company PBX. D. A good security tester would not use such a derelict technique.

: B Explanation: If you are lucky and find a modem that answers and is connected to the target network, it usually is less protected (as only employees are supposed to know of its existence) and once connected you dont need to take evasive actions towards any firewalls or IDS.

57 ( Topic 3) While doing fast scan using F option, which file is used to list the range of ports to scan by nmap? A. services B. nmap-services C. protocols D. ports

: B Explanation: Nmap uses the nmap-services file to provide additional port detail for almost every scanning method. Every time a port is referenced, it's compared to an available description in this support file. If the nmap-services file isn't available, nmap reverts to the /etc/services file applicable for the current operating system.

40 ( Topic 3) Which of the following commands runs snort in packet logger mode? A. ./snort -dev -h ./log B. ./snort -dev -l ./log C. ./snort -dev -o ./log D. ./snort -dev -p ./log

: B Explanation: Note: If you want to store the packages in binary mode for later analysis use ./snort -l ./log -b

76 ( Topic 3) Which of the following command line switch would you use for OS detection in Nmap? A. -D B. -O C. -P D. -X

: B Explanation: OS DETECTION: -O: Enable OS detection (try 2nd generation w/fallback to 1st) -O2: Only use the new OS detection system (no fallback) -O1: Only use the old (1st generation) OS detection system --osscan-limit: Limit OS detection to promising targets -- osscan-guess: Guess OS more aggressively

24 ( Topic 2) Snort has been used to capture packets on the network. On studying the packets, the penetration tester finds it to be abnormal. If you were the penetration tester, why would you find this abnormal? (Note: The student is being tested on concept learnt during passive OS fingerprinting, basic TCP/IP connection concepts and the ability to read packet signatures from a sniff dumo.) 05/20-17:06:45.061034 192.160.13.4:31337 -> 172.16.1.101:1 TCP TTL:44 TOS:0x10 ID:242 - ***FRP** Seq: 0XA1D95 Ack: 0x53 Win: 0x400 05/20-17:06:58.685879 192.160.13.4:31337 -> 172.16.1.101:1024 TCP TTL:44 TOS:0x10 ID:242 - ***FRP** Seg: 0XA1D95 Ack: 0x53 Win: 0x400 What is odd about this attack? (Choose the most appropriate statement) A. This is not a spoofed packet as the IP stack has increasing numbers for the three flags. B. This is back orifice activity as the scan comes from port 31337. C. The attacker wants to avoid creating a sub-carrier connection that is not normally valid. D. There packets were created by a tool; they were not created by a standard IP stack.

: B Explanation: Port 31337 is normally used by Back Orifice. Note that 31337 is hackers spelling of elite, meaning elite hackers.

97 ( Topic 3) Exhibit - (Note: the student is being tested on concepts learnt during passive OS fingerprinting, basic TCP/IP connection concepts and the ability to read packet signatures from a sniff dump.) Snort has been used to capture packets on the network. On studying the packets, the penetration tester finds it to be abnormal. If you were the penetration tester, why would you find this abnormal? What is odd about this attack? Choose the best answer. A. This is not a spoofed packet as the IP stack has increasing numbers for the three flags. B. This is back orifice activity as the scan comes form port 31337. C. The attacker wants to avoid creating a sub-carries connection that is not normally valid. D. These packets were crafted by a tool, they were not created by a standard IP stack.

: B Explanation: Port 31337 is normally used by Back Orifice. Note that 31337 is hackers spelling of elite, meaning elite hackers.

34 ( Topic 2) Your lab partner is trying to find out more information about a competitors web site. The site has a .com extension. She has decided to use some online whois tools and look in one of the regional Internet registrys. Which one would you suggest she looks in first? A. LACNIC B. ARIN C. APNIC D. RIPE E. AfriNIC

: B Explanation: Regional registries maintain records from the areas from which they govern. ARIN is responsible for domains served within North and South America and therefore, would be a good starting point for a .com domain. Topic 3, Scanning -

91 ( Topic 3) An attacker is attempting to telnet into a corporations system in the DMZ. The attacker doesnt want to get caught and is spoofing his IP address. After numerous tries he remains unsuccessful in connecting to the system. The attacker rechecks that the target system is actually listening on Port 23 and he verifies it with both nmap and hping2. He is still unable to connect to the target system. What is the most probable reason? A. The firewall is blocking port 23 to that system. B. He cannot spoof his IP and successfully use TCP. C. He needs to use an automated tool to telnet in. D. He is attacking an operating system that does not reply to telnet even when open.

: B Explanation: Spoofing your IP will only work if you dont need to get an answer from the target system. In this case the answer (login prompt) from the telnet session will be sent to the real location of the IP address that you are showing as the connection initiator.

18 ( Topic 2) You are footprinting Acme.com to gather competitive intelligence. You visit the acme.com websire for contact information and telephone number numbers but do not find it listed there. You know that they had the entire staff directory listed on their website 12 months ago but now it is not there. How would it be possible for you to retrieve information from the website that is outdated? A. Visit google search engine and view the cached copy. B. Visit Archive.org site to retrieve the Internet archive of the acme website. C. Crawl the entire website and store them into your computer. D. Visit the company's partners and customers website for this information.

: B Explanation: The Internet Archive (IA) is a non-profit organization dedicated to maintaining an archive of Web and multimedia resources. Located at the Presidio in San Francisco, California, this archive includes "snapshots of the World Wide Web" (archived copies of pages, taken at various points in time), software, movies, books, and audio recordings (including recordings of live concerts from bands that allow it). This site is found at www.archive.org.

79 ( Topic 3) Jenny a well known hacker scanning to remote host of 204.4.4.4 using nmap. She got the scanned output but she saw that 25 port states is filtered. What is the meaning of filtered port State? A. Can Accessible B. Filtered by firewall C. Closed D. None of above

: B Explanation: The state is either open, filtered, closed, or unfiltered. Filtered means that a firewall, filter, or other network obstacle is blocking the port so that Nmap cannot tell whether it is open or closed.

48 ( Topic 3) Which of the following ICMP message types are used for destinations unreachables? A. 0 B. 3 C. 11 D. 13 E. 17

: B Explanation: Type 3 messages are used for unreachable messages. 0 is Echo Reply, 8 is Echo request, 11 is time exceeded, 13 is timestamp and 17 is subnet mask request. Learning these would be advisable for the test.

96 ( Topic 3) Which of the following ICMP message types are used for destinations unreachables? A. 0 B. 3 C. 11 D. 13 E. 17

: B Explanation: Type 3 messages are used for unreachable messages. 0 is Echo Reply, 8 is Echo request, 11 is time exceeded, 13 is timestamp and 17 is subnet mask request. Learning these would be advisable for the test.

65 ( Topic 3) War dialing is one of the oldest methods of gaining unauthorized access to the target systems, it is one of the dangers most commonly forgotten by network engineers and system administrators. A hacker can sneak past all the expensive firewalls and IDS and connect easily into the network. Through wardialing an attacker searches for the devices located in the target network infrastructure that are also accessible through the telephone line. Dial backup in routers is most frequently found in networks where redundancy is required. Dial-on-demand routing(DDR) is commonly used to establish connectivity as a backup. As a security testers, how would you discover what telephone numbers to dial-in to the router? A. Search the Internet for leakage for target company's telephone number to dial-in B. Run a war-dialing tool with range of phone numbers and look for CONNECT Response C. Connect using ISPs remote-dial in number since the companys router has a leased line connection established with them D. Brute force the companys PABX system to retrieve the range of telephone numbers to dial-in

: B Explanation: Use a program like Toneloc to scan the company's range of phone numbers.

21 ( Topic 2) System Administrators sometimes post questions to newsgroups when they run into technical challenges. As an ethical hacker, you could use the information in newsgroup posting to glean insight into the makeup of a target network. How would you search for these posting using Google search? A. Search in Google using the key strings "the target company" and "newsgroups" B. Search for the target company name at http://groups.google.com C. Use NNTP websites to search for these postings D. Search in Google using the key search strings "the target company" and "forums"

: B Explanation: Using http://groups.google.com is the easiest way to access various newsgroups today. Before http://groups.google.com you had to use special NNTP clients or subscribe to some nntp to web services.

15 ( Topic 2) A Company security System Administrator is reviewing the network system log files. He notes the following: -> Network log files are at 5 MB at 12:00 noon. -> At 14:00 hours, the log files at 3 MB. What should he assume has happened and what should he do about the situation? A. He should contact the attackers ISP as soon as possible and have the connection disconnected. B. He should log the event as suspicious activity, continue to investigate, and take further steps according to site security policy. C. He should log the file size, and archive the information, because the router crashed. D. He should run a file system check, because the Syslog server has a self correcting file system problem. E. He should disconnect from the Internet discontinue any further unauthorized use, because an attack has taken place.

: B Explanation: You should never assume a host has been compromised without verification. Typically, disconnecting a server is an extreme measure and should only be done when it is confirmed there is a compromise or the server contains such sensitive data that the loss of service outweighs the risk. Never assume that any administrator or automatic process is making changes to a system. Always investigate the root cause of the change on the system and follow your organizations security policy.

23 ( Topic 2) User which Federal Statutes does FBI investigate for computer crimes involving e- mail scams and mail fraud? A. 18 U.S.C 1029 Possession of Access Devices B. 18 U.S.C 1030 Fraud and related activity in connection with computers C. 18 U.S.C 1343 Fraud by wire, radio or television D. 18 U.S.C 1361 Injury to Government Property E. 18 U.S.C 1362 Government communication systems F. 18 U.S.C 1831 Economic Espionage Act G. 18 U.S.C 1832 Trade Secrets Act

: B Explanation: http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode18/usc_sec_18_00001030---- 000-.html

6 ( Topic 1) ABC.com is legally liable for the content of email that is sent from its systems, regardless of whether the message was sent for private or business-related purpose. This could lead to prosecution for the sender and for the companys directors if, for example, outgoing email was found to contain material that was pornographic, racist or likely to incite someone to commit an act of terrorism. You can always defend yourself by ignorance of the law clause. A. True - B. False -

: B (Latin for "ignorance of the law does not excuse" or "ignorance of the law excuses no one") is a public policy holding that a person who is unaware of a law may not escape liability for violating that law merely because he or she was unaware of its content; that is, persons have presumed knowledge of the law. Presumed knowledge of the law is the principle in jurisprudence that one is bound by a law even if one does not know of it. It has also been defined as the "prohibition of ignorance of the law".

1 ( Topic 1) What are the two basic types of attacks?(Choose two. A. DoS B. Passive C. Sniffing D. Active E. Cracking

: B,D Explanation: Passive and active attacks are the two basic types of attacks.

46 ( Topic 3) What does a type 3 code 13 represent?(Choose two. A. Echo request B. Destination unreachable C. Network unreachable D. Administratively prohibited E. Port unreachable F. Time exceeded

: B,D Explanation: Type 3 code 13 is destination unreachable administratively prohibited. This type of message is typically returned from a device blocking a port.

74 ( Topic 3) What are two things that are possible when scanning UDP ports? (Choose two. A. A reset will be returned B. An ICMP message will be returned C. The four-way handshake will not be completed D. An RFC 1294 message will be returned E. Nothing

: B,E Explanation: Closed UDP ports can return an ICMP type 3 code 3 message. No response can mean the port is open or the packet was silently dropped.

56 ( Topic 3) You want to know whether a packet filter is in front of 192.168.1.10. Pings to 192.168.1.10 don't get answered. A basic nmap scan of 192.168.1.10 seems to hang without returning any information. What should you do next? A. Use NetScan Tools Pro to conduct the scan B. Run nmap XMAS scan against 192.168.1.10 C. Run NULL TCP hping2 against 192.168.1.10 D. The firewall is blocking all the scans to 192.168.1.10

: C

80 ( Topic 3) You want to know whether a packet filter is in front of 192.168.1.10. Pings to 192.168.1.10 don't get answered. A basic nmap scan of 192.168.1.10 seems to hang without returning any information. What should you do next? A. Use NetScan Tools Pro to conduct the scan B. Run nmap XMAS scan against 192.168.1.10 C. Run NULL TCP hping2 against 192.168.1.10 D. The firewall is blocking all the scans to 192.168.1.10

: C

75 ( Topic 3) against a remote target. She is not concerned about being stealth at this point. Which of the following type of scans would be the most accurate and reliable option? A. A half-scan B. A UDP scan C. A TCP Connect scan D. A FIN scan

: C Explanation: A TCP Connect scan, named after the Unix connect() system call is the most accurate scanning method. If a port is open the operating system completes the TCP three- way handshake, and the port scanner immediately closes the connection. Otherwise an error code is returned. Example of a three-way handshake followed by a reset: Source Destination Summary - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [192.168.0.8] [192.168.0.10] TCP: D=80 S=49389 SYN SEQ=3362197786 LEN=0 WIN=5840 - [192.168.0.10] [192.168.0.8] TCP: D=49389 S=80 SYN ACK=3362197787 SEQ=58695210 LEN=0 WIN=65535 - [192.168.0.8] [192.168.0.10] TCP: D=80 S=49389 ACK=58695211 WIN<<2=5840 [192.168.0.8] [192.168.0.10] TCP: D=80 S=49389 RST ACK=58695211 WIN<<2=5840

86 ( Topic 3) Exhibit: Please study the exhibit carefully. Which Protocol maintains the communication on that way? A. UDP B. IP C. TCP D. ARP E. RARP

: C Explanation: A TCP connection is always initiated with the 3-way handshake, which establishes and negotiates the actual connection over which data will be sent.

42 ( Topic 3) What type of port scan is shown below? A. Idle Scan B. Windows Scan C. XMAS Scan D. SYN Stealth Scan

: C Explanation: An Xmas port scan is variant of TCP port scan. This type of scan tries to obtain information about the state of a target port by sending a packet which has multiple TCP flags set to 1 - "lit as an Xmas tree". The flags set for Xmas scan are FIN, URG and PSH. The purpose is to confuse and bypass simple firewalls. Some stateless firewalls only check against security policy those packets which have the SYN flag set (that is, packets that initiate connection according to the standards). Since Xmas scan packets are different, they can pass through these simple systems and reach the target host.

82 ( Topic 3) What does an ICMP (Code 13) message normally indicates? A. It indicates that the destination host is unreachable B. It indicates to the host that the datagram which triggered the source quench message will need to be re-sent C. It indicates that the packet has been administratively dropped in transit D. It is a request to the host to cut back the rate at which it is sending traffic to the Internet destination

: C Explanation: CODE 13 and type 3 is destination unreachable due to communication administratively prohibited by filtering hence maybe they meant "code 13", therefore would be C). Note:A - Type 3B - Type 4C - Type 3 Code 13D - Typ4 4

2 ( Topic 1) What does the term "Ethical Hacking" mean? A. Someone who is hacking for ethical reasons. B. Someone who is using his/her skills for ethical reasons. C. Someone who is using his/her skills for defensive purposes. D. Someone who is using his/her skills for offensive purposes.

: C Explanation: Ethical hacking is only about defending your self or your employer against malicious persons by using the same techniques and skills.

67 ( Topic 3) Which of the following Nmap commands would be used to perform a UDP scan of the lower 1024 ports? A. Nmap -h -U B. Nmap -hU <host(s.> C. Nmap -sU -p 1-1024 <host(s.> D. Nmap -u -v -w2 <host> 1-1024 E. Nmap -sS -O target/1024

: C Explanation: Nmap -sU -p 1-1024 <hosts.> is the proper syntax. Learning Nmap and its switches are critical for successful completion of the CEH exam.

28 ( Topic 2) Which of the following activities will NOT be considered as passive footprinting? A. Go through the rubbish to find out any information that might have been discarded. B. Search on financial site such as Yahoo Financial to identify assets. C. Scan the range of IP address found in the target DNS database. D. Perform multiples queries using a search engine.

: C Explanation: Passive footprinting is a method in which the attacker never makes contact with the target systems. Scanning the range of IP addresses found in the target DNS is considered making contact to the systems behind the IP addresses that is targeted by the scan.

30 ( Topic 2) Which of the following activities would not be considered passive footprinting? A. Search on financial site such as Yahoo Financial B. Perform multiple queries through a search engine C. Scan the range of IP address found in their DNS database D. Go through the rubbish to find out any information that might have been discarded

: C Explanation: Passive footprinting is a method in which the attacker never makes contact with the target. Scanning the targets IP addresses can be logged at the target and therefore contact has been made.

4 ( Topic 1) Who is an Ethical Hacker? A. A person who hacks for ethical reasons B. A person who hacks for an ethical cause C. A person who hacks for defensive purposes D. A person who hacks for offensive purposes

: C Explanation: The Ethical hacker is a security professional who applies his hacking skills for defensive purposes.

70 ( Topic 3) Steve scans the network for SNMP enabled devices. Which port number Steve should scan? A. 69 B. 150 C. 161 D. 169

: C Explanation: The SNMP default port is 161. Port 69 is used for tftp, 150 is for SQL-NET and 169 is for SEND.

10 ( Topic 1) What is the essential difference between an 'Ethical Hacker' and a 'Cracker'? A. The ethical hacker does not use the same techniques or skills as a cracker. B. The ethical hacker does it strictly for financial motives unlike a cracker. C. The ethical hacker has authorization from the owner of the target. D. The ethical hacker is just a cracker who is getting paid.

: C Explanation: The ethical hacker uses the same techniques and skills as a cracker and the motive is to find the security breaches before a cracker does. There is nothing that says that a cracker does not get paid for the work he does, a ethical hacker has the owners authorization and will get paid even if he does not succeed to penetrate the target.

81 ( Topic 3) An nmap command that includes the host specification of 202.176.56-57.* will scan _______ number of hosts. A. 2 B. 256 C. 512 D. Over 10,000

: C Explanation: The hosts with IP address 202.176.56.0-255 & 202.176.56.0-255 will be scanned (256+256=512)

13 ( Topic 2) map the route that a packet travels from point A to point B? A. It uses a TCP Timestamp packet that will elicit a time exceed in transit message. B. It uses a protocol that will be rejected at the gateways on its way to its destination. C. It manipulates the value of time to live (TTL) parameter packet to elicit a time exceeded in transit message. D. It manipulated flags within packets to force gateways into generating error messages.

: C Explanation: Traceroute works by increasing the "time-to-live" value of each successive batch of packets sent. The first three packets have a time-to-live (TTL) value of one (implying that they make a single hop). The next three packets have a TTL value of 2, and so on. When a packet passes through a host, normally the host decrements the TTL value by one, and forwards the packet to the next host. When a packet with a TTL of one reaches a host, the host discards the packet and sends an ICMP time exceeded (type 11) packet to the sender. The traceroute utility uses these returning packets to produce a list of hosts that the packets have traversed en route to the destination.

51 ( Topic 3) What flags are set in a X-MAS scan?(Choose all that apply. A. SYN B. ACK C. FIN D. PSH E. RST F. URG

: C,D,F Explanation: FIN, URG, and PSH are set high in the TCP packet for a X-MAS scan

63 ( Topic 3) What are the default passwords used by SNMP?(Choose two.) A. Password B. SA C. Private D. Administrator E. Public F. Blank

: C,E Explanation: Besides the fact that it passes information in clear text, SNMP also uses well-known passwords. Public and private are the default passwords used by SNMP.

66 ( Topic 3) Study the log below and identify the scan type. tcpdump -vv host 192.168.1.10 17:34:45.802163 eth0 < 192.168.1.1 > victim: ip-proto-117 0 (ttl 48, id 36166) 17:34:45.802216 eth0 < 192.168.1.1 > victim: ip-proto-25 0 (ttl 48, id 33796) 17:34:45.802266 eth0 < 192.168.1.1 > victim: ip-proto-162 0 (ttl 48, id 47066) 17:34:46.111982 eth0 < 192.168.1.1 > victim: ip-proto-74 0 (ttl 48, id 35585) 17:34:46.112039 eth0 < 192.168.1.1 > victim: ip-proto-117 0 (ttl 48, id 32834) 17:34:46.112092 eth0 < 192.168.1.1 > victim: ip-proto-25 0 (ttl 48, id 26292) 17:34:46.112143 eth0 < 192.168.1.1 > victim: ip-proto-162 0 (ttl 48, id 51058) tcpdump -vv -x host 192.168.1.10 17:35:06.731739 eth0 < 192.168.1.10 > victim: ip-proto-130 0 (ttl 59, id 42060) 4500 0014 a44c 0000 3b82 57b8 c0a8 010a c0a8 0109 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 A. nmap -sR 192.168.1.10 B. nmap -sS 192.168.1.10 C. nmap -sV 192.168.1.10 D. nmap -sO -T 192.168.1.10

: D

45 ( Topic 3) Study the log below and identify the scan type. tcpdump w host 192.168.1.10 A. nmap R 192.168.1.10 B. nmap S 192.168.1.10 C. nmap V 192.168.1.10 D. nmap -sO -T 192.168.1.10

: D Explanation: -sO: IP protocol scans: This method is used to determine which IP protocols are supported on a host. The technique is to send raw IP packets without any further protocol header to each specified protocol on the target machine.

3 ( Topic 1) Which of the following best describes Vulnerability? A. The loss potential of a threat B. An action or event that might prejudice security C. An agent that could take advantage of a weakness D. A weakness or error that can lead to compromise

: D Explanation: A vulnerability is a flaw or weakness in system security procedures, design or implementation that could be exercised (accidentally triggered or intentionally exploited) and result in a harm to an IT system or activity.

95 ( Topic 3) One of the ways to map a targeted network for live hosts is by sending an ICMP ECHO request to the broadcast or the network address. The request would be broadcasted to all hosts on the targeted network. The live hosts will send an ICMP ECHO Reply to the attacker source IP address. You send a ping request to the broadcast address 192.168.5.255. [root@ceh/root]# ping -b 192.168.5.255 WARNING: pinging broadcast address PING 192.168.5.255 (192.168.5.255) from 192.168.5.1 : 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.5.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=4.1 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.5.5: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=5.7 ms --- --- --- There are 40 computers up and running on the target network. Only 13 hosts send a reply while others do not. Why? A. You cannot ping a broadcast address. The above scenario is wrong. B. You should send a ping request with this command ping 192.168.5.0-255 C. Linux machines will not generate an answer (ICMP ECHO Reply) to an ICMP ECHO request aimed at the broadcast address or at the network address. D. Windows machines will not generate an answer (ICMP ECHO Reply) to an ICMP ECHO request aimed at the broadcast address or at the network address.

: D Explanation: As stated in the correct option, Microsoft Windows does not handle pings to a broadcast address correctly and therefore ignores them.

88 ( Topic 3) Destination unreachable administratively prohibited messages can inform the hacker to what? A. That a circuit level proxy has been installed and is filtering traffic B. That his/her scans are being blocked by a honeypot or jail C. That the packets are being malformed by the scanning software D. That a router or other packet-filtering device is blocking traffic E. That the network is functioning normally

: D Explanation: Destination unreachable administratively prohibited messages are a good way to discover that a router or other low-level packet device is filtering traffic. Analysis of the ICMP message will reveal the IP address of the blocking device and the filtered port. This further adds the to the network map and information being discovered about the network and hosts.

47 ( Topic 3) An Nmap scan shows the following open ports, and nmap also reports that the OS guessing results to match too many signatures hence it cannot reliably be identified: 21 ftp 23 telnet 80 http 443 https What does this suggest ? A. This is a Windows Domain Controller B. The host is not firewalled C. The host is not a Linux or Solaris system D. The host is not properly patched

: D Explanation: Explanation: If the answer was A nmap would guess it, it holds the MS signature database, the host not being firewalled makes no difference. The host is not linux or solaris, well it very well could be. The host is not properly patched? That is the closest; nmaps OS detection architecture is based solely off the TCP ISN issued by the operating systems TCP/IP stack, if the stack is modified to show output from randomized ISN's or if your using a program to change the ISN then OS detection will fail. If the TCP/IP IP ID's are modified then os detection could also fail, because the machine would most likely come back as being down.

29 ( Topic 2) NSLookup is a good tool to use to gain additional information about a target network. What does the following command accomplish? nslookup > server <ipaddress> > set type =any > ls -d <target.com> A. Enables DNS spoofing B. Loads bogus entries into the DNS table C. Verifies zone security D. Performs a zone transfer E. Resets the DNS cache

: D Explanation: If DNS has not been properly secured, the command sequence displayed above will perform a zone transfer.

59 ( Topic 3) While attempting to discover the remote operating system on the target computer, you receive the following results from an nmap scan: Starting nmap V. 3.10ALPHA9 ( www.insecure.org/nmap/ <http://www.insecure.org/nmap/> ) Interesting ports on 172.121.12.222: (The 1592 ports scanned but not shown below are in state: filtered) Port State Service - 21/tcp open ftp 25/tcp open smtp 53/tcp closed domain 80/tcp open http 443/tcp open https Remote operating system guess: Too many signatures match to reliably guess the OS. Nmap run completed -- 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 277.483 seconds What should be your next step to identify the OS? A. Perform a firewalk with that system as the target IP B. Perform a tcp traceroute to the system using port 53 C. Run an nmap scan with the -v-v option to give a better output D. Connect to the active services and review the banner information

: D Explanation: Most people dont care about changing the banners presented by applications listening to open ports and therefore you should get fairly accurate information when grabbing banners from open ports with, for example, a telnet application.

71 ( Topic 3) John has scanned the web server with NMAP. However, he could not gather enough information to help him identify the operating system running on the remote host accurately. What would you suggest to John to help identify the OS that is being used on the remote web server? A. Connect to the web server with a browser and look at the web page. B. Connect to the web server with an FTP client. C. Telnet to port 8080 on the web server and look at the default page code. D. Telnet to an open port and grab the banner.

: D Explanation: Most people dont care about changing the banners presented by applications listening to open ports and therefore you should get fairly accurate information when grabbing banners from open ports with, for example, a telnet application.

37 ( Topic 3) You are scanning into the target network for the first time. You find very few conventional ports open. When you attempt to perform traditional service identification by connecting to the open ports, it yields either unreliable or no results. You are unsure of which protocols are being used. You need to discover as many different protocols as possible. Which kind of scan would you use to achieve this? (Choose the best answer) A. Nessus scan with TCP based pings. B. Nmap scan with the -sP (Ping scan) switch. C. Netcat scan with the -u -e switches. D. Nmap with the -sO (Raw IP packets) switch.

: D Explanation: Running Nmap with the sO switch will do a IP Protocol Scan. The IP protocol scan is a bit different than the other nmap scans. The IP protocol scan is searching for additional IP protocols in use by the remote station, such as ICMP, TCP, and UDP. If a router is scanned, additional IP protocols such as EGP or IGP may be identified.

73 ( Topic 3) While reviewing the result of scanning run against a target network you come across the following: Which among the following can be used to get this output? A. A Bo2k system query. B. nmap protocol scan C. A sniffer D. An SNMP walk

: D Explanation: SNMP lets you "read" information from a device. You make a query of the server (generally known as the "agent"). The agent gathers the information from the host system and returns the answer to your SNMP client. It's like having a single interface for all your informative Unix commands. Output like system.sysContact.0 is called a MIB.

92 ( Topic 3) Which type of Nmap scan is the most reliable, but also the most visible, and likely to be picked up by and IDS? A. SYN scan B. ACK scan C. RST scan D. Connect scan E. FIN scan

: D Explanation: The TCP full connect (-sT) scan is the most reliable.

93 ( Topic 3) Nathalie would like to perform a reliable scan against a remote target. She is not concerned about being stealth at this point. Which of the following type of scans would be the most accurate and reliable? A. A FIN Scan B. A Half Scan C. A UDP Scan D. The TCP Connect Scan

: D Explanation: The connect() system call provided by your operating system is used to open a connection to every interesting port on the machine. If the port is listening, connect() will succeed, otherwise the port isn't reachable. One strong advantage to this technique is that you don't need any special privileges. This is the fastest scanning method supported by nmap, and is available with the -t (TCP) option. The big downside is that this sort of scan is easily detectable and filterable.

41 ( Topic 3) You are having problems while retrieving results after performing port scanning during internal testing. You verify that there are no security devices between you and the target system. When both stealth and connect scanning do not work, you decide to perform a NULL scan with NMAP. The first few systems scanned shows all ports open. Which one of the following statements is probably true? A. The systems have all ports open. B. The systems are running a host based IDS. C. The systems are web servers. D. The systems are running Windows.

: D Explanation: The null scan turns off all flags, creating a lack of TCP flags that should never occur in the real world. If the port is closed, a RST frame should be returned and a null scan to an open port results in no response. Unfortunately Microsoft (like usual) decided to completely ignore the standard and do things their own way. Thus this scan type will not work against systems running Windows as they choose not to response at all. This is a good way to distinguish that the system being scanned is running Microsoft Windows.

68 ( Topic 3) You have initiated an active operating system fingerprinting attempt with nmap against a target system: [root@ceh NG]# /usr/local/bin/nmap -sT -O 10.0.0.1 Starting nmap 3.28 ( www.insecure.org/nmap/) at 2003-06-18 19:14 IDT Interesting ports on 10.0.0.1: (The 1628 ports scanned but not shown below are in state: closed) Port State Service - 21/tcp filtered ftp 22/tcp filtered ssh 25/tcp open smtp 80/tcp open http 135/tcp open loc-srv 139/tcp open netbios-ssn 389/tcp open LDAP 443/tcp open https 465/tcp open smtps 1029/tcp open ms-lsa 1433/tcp open ms-sql-s 2301/tcp open compaqdiag 5555/tcp open freeciv 5800/tcp open vnc-http 5900/tcp open vnc 6000/tcp filtered X11 Remote operating system guess: Windows XP, Windows 2000, NT4 or 95/98/98SE Nmap run completed -- 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 3.334 seconds Using its fingerprinting tests nmap is unable to distinguish between different groups of Microsoft based operating systems - Windows XP, Windows 2000, NT4 or 95/98/98SE. What operating system is the target host running based on the open ports shown above? A. Windows XP B. Windows 98 SE C. Windows NT4 Server D. Windows 2000 Server

: D Explanation: The system is reachable as an active directory domain controller (port 389, LDAP)

77 ( Topic 3) A distributed port scan operates by: A. Blocking access to the scanning clients by the targeted host B. Using denial-of-service software against a range of TCP ports C. Blocking access to the targeted host by each of the distributed scanning clients D. Having multiple computers each scan a small number of ports, then correlating the results

: D Explanation: Think of dDoS (distributed Denial of Service) where you use a large number of computers to create simultaneous traffic against a victim in order to shut them down.

26 ( Topic 2) To what does message repudiation refer to what concept in the realm of email security? A. Message repudiation means a user can validate which mail server or servers a message was passed through. B. Message repudiation means a user can claim damages for a mail message that damaged their reputation. C. Message repudiation means a recipient can be sure that a message was sent from a particular person. D. Message repudiation means a recipient can be sure that a message was sent from a certain host. E. Message repudiation means a sender can claim they did not actually send a particular message.

: E Explanation: A quality that prevents a third party from being able to prove that a communication between two other parties ever took place. This is a desirable quality if you do not want your communications to be traceable. Non-repudiation is the opposite qualitya third party can prove that a communication between two other parties took place. Non-repudiation is desirable if you want to be able to trace your communications and prove that they occurred. Repudiation Denial of message submission or delivery.

84 ( Topic 3) What is the proper response for a FIN scan if the port is closed? A. SYN B. ACK C. FIN D. PSH E. RST

: E Explanation: Closed ports respond to a FIN scan with a RST.

36 ( Topic 3) What is the proper response for a X-MAS scan if the port is closed? A. SYN B. ACK C. FIN D. PSH E. RST F. No response

: E Explanation: Closed ports respond to a X-MAS scan with a RST.

100 ( Topic 3) _______ is one of the programs used to wardial. A. DialIT B. Netstumbler C. TooPac D. Kismet E. ToneLoc

: E Explanation: ToneLoc is one of the programs used to wardial. While this is considered an "old school" technique, it is still effective at finding backdoors and out of band network entry points.

53 ( Topic 3) What is the proper response for a X-MAS scan if the port is open? A. SYN B. ACK C. FIN D. PSH E. RST F. No response

: F Explanation: Closed ports respond to a X-MAS scan by ignoring the packet.