Cell Biology:CH3

Cells communicate via chemical signals which bind to specialized molecules on the plasma membrane surface. These molecules are called _____.

receptor proteins

Solute

the substance to be dissolved

A plasma membrane protein is involved in helping to identify its cell to other cells. This protein is acting as a(n) ______.

Maker Protein

How does passive transport compare to active transport with regard to energy expenditure?

Passive transport does not require ATP; active transport does.

ATP is necessary for _____ transport, but not necessary for ______ transport.

active, passive

The sugar concentration in your glass of ice tea is very high at the bottom and low at the top. This concentration distribution is an example of a(n) ______

concentration gradient

When the concentration of a substance gradually changes from one point to the next, we say it exhibits a concentration

gradient

Large molecules move across cell membrane with the help or assistance of protein carriers. This type of transport is generically called ______.

mediated transport

Does active transport require ATP?

Yes, it acquires it from hydrolysis of ATP/cellular energy

Solution

a mixture of dissolved substances within a fluid.

Identify the different types of transport proteins.

ATP powered pumps, channel proteins and carrier proteins.

Identify the function of a marker protein.

Allows for cellular identification

One cell can stick to another by using specialized proteins known as ______ proteins.

Attachment

Transmembrane proteins with pores that allow ions and small molecules to pass through the membrane are referred to as ______ proteins.

Channel

Integral proteins can arrange themselves in a membrane to create a passageway from one side of the membrane to the other without the need for a specific binding site. This type of protein is called a(n) ______.

Channel protein

Ions typically cross the plasma membrane through tube-like passageways called _____.

Channel protein

True or false: A selectively permeable membrane is able to allow all substances to pass only some of the time.

False

Identify properties of a receptor protein.

It is made up of proteins, It is made up of glycoproteins, It attaches to chemical signals.

The transmembrane proteins with pores without gates that allow ions to pass through the membrane are called ion ______.

Leak channels

What is osmosis?

The diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane.

Solvent

The fluid within which a substance is dissolved

What is osmotic pressure?

The force needed to keep water from moving by osmosis across a selectively permeable membrane.

True or false: A fluid with a low viscosity flows more easily than a fluid with high viscosity.

True because higher the viscosity, the slower the solution flows.

A protein on the cell surface in the small intestine breaks the peptide bonds found in dietary proteins to release amino acids. This membrane protein is an example of a (an) ______.

enzyme

Proteins called ___ are specialized proteins that catalyze reactions inside the cells and on the cell's surface.

enzymes

Cells in a(n) ______ solution absorb water, swell, and may burst (lyse).

hypotonic

Intravenous solutions are often used in hospitals as part of patient care. When cells are exposed to these fluids their shapes do not change. These are ______ fluids.

isotonic

Does passive transport require ATP?

no- these molecules are small enough to easily pass through the lipidbilayer

Identify functions of attachment proteins. They attach ______.

one cell to another cell, cells to extracellular material.

The amount of pressure exerted on one side of a selectively permeable membrane to stop osmosis is known as _______ pressure

osmotic

A membrane that only allows some substances to pass through it but restricts other substances is known as a(n) ________ permeable membrane.

selectively

When a substance is dissolved in fluid, the substance is referred to as the _______, the fluid it dissolves into is the _______, and the entire mixture is called the _______.

solute; solvent; solution

Carrier proteins, channel proteins and ATP-powered pumps are all types integral proteins of the plasma membrane that are ______ proteins.

transport

The measurement of a fluid's resistance to flow is referred to as its

viscosity