Cell Energy Bio Quiz
How many high-energy bonds does ATP contain?
2
How many membranes surround a chloroplast?
2
Photosynthesis Equation
6CO2 + 6H2O —
What 3 main things make up an ATP molecule?
A nitrogen containing base, a 5-carbon sugar, and 3 phosphate groups
Which of the following compounds represents the cell's primary purpose for undergoing cellular respiration?
ATP
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine Triphosphate
Two types of cellular respiration:
Aerobic and anaerobic
Aerobic Respiration (Who? O2? Reactants? Products? Where?)
All; O2 is needed; Glucose and oxygen; 36-38 ATP, carbon dioxide, and water; mitochondria.
Is fermentation aerobic or anaerobic?
Anaerobic
What is the difference between an autograph and a heterotroph?
Autotrophs make their own food from the sun while heterotrophs eat other organisms to obtain energy
Lactic Acid Fermentation (Who? O2? Reactants? Products? Where?)
Bacteria and human muscle cells; O2 isnt needed; glucose; 2 lactic acid and 2 ATP; cytoplasm
Alcoholic Fermentation (Who? O2? Reactants? Products? Where?)
Bacteria and yeast; no O2 is required; glucose; 2 ethyl alcohol, carbon dioxide, and 2 ATP; cytoplasm
Chemosynthesis (Who? O2? Reactants? Products? Where?)
Bacteria; no O2 is needed; CO2, H2O, H2S; glucose, O2, H2SO4; cytoplasm
Cellular Respiration Equation
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
What are C6H12O6 (glucose) and O2 (oxygen) converted into in cellular respiration?
CO2 and H2O
During the process of photosynthesis, plants use carbon dioxide and water to produce what energy storage compounds?
Carbohydrates
The reactants for photosynthesis are:
Carbon dioxide and water
The products of cellular respiration are:
Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
What cell process occurs in the mitochondria?
Cellular respiration
Which process releases energy?
Cellular respiration
Where is the energy from photosynthesis stored in glucose?
Chemical bonds
Which organelle is used in photosynthesis?
Chloroplast
Animal cells do not have _______ because they do not conduct photosynthesis
Chloroplasts
Photosynthesis takes place in which organelles?
Chloroplasts
When ATP loses a phosphate group _______ is released for cells and a molecule of _______ forms
Energy; ADP
What product of photosynthesis is converted into energy during cellular respiration?
Glucose
What sugar is produced by photosynthesis and broken down by cellular respiration?
Glucose
The products of photosynthesis are:
Glucose and oxygen
The reactants of cellular respiration are:
Glucose and oxygen
Stack of thylakoids
Granum (grana plural)
Chlorophyll
Green pigment in chloroplast; converts sunlight (radiant) energy into
During cellular respiration, glucose reacts with oxygen to produce water and carbon dioxide. Where in the cell does this reaction take place?
In the motochondria
Describe the outer membrane of the mitochondria
It is smooth
Stacks or grana are connected to each other by __________
Lamellae
Which organelle is used in cellular respiration?
Mitochondria
Does anaerobic respiration require oxygen? How many ATP molecules does it produce?
No; 2 ATP
What other organelles besides the mitochondria contain DNA and have a double membrane?
Nucleus and chloroplast
Guard cells
Open and close the stomata
Stomata
Openings in the leaf that allow gases to come in and out. These gases are CO2 (in) and O2 (out).
Accessory pigments
Other pigments that trap sunlight (red, orange, yellow, brown).
Both plants and animals obtain energy from food by the process of cellular respiration. What substance do plants produce during photosynthesis that is necessary for cellular respiration to take place?
Oxygen
Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells. Which gas is released during this process?
Oxygen
What does aerobic respiration require? How many ATP molecules does it produce?
Oxygen; 36-38 ATP
Which process stores energy?
Photosynthesis
How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related to each other?
Photosynthesis is the process in which plants use their own energy to make food. Cellular respiration is the process in which plants break down that food into energy
Photosynthesis (Who? O2? Reactants? Products? Where?)
Plants, algae, some protists, some bacteria; O2 is needed; water and carbon dioxide; glucose and oxygen; chloroplast
Upper epidermis
The layer that allows light to pass
A certain chemical is essential to the photosynthesis process. In which part of the plant would you expect to find the highest concentration of this chemical?
The leaves
Where are the high-energy bonds found in ATP?
The phosphate group
Where does the energy in glucose come from originally?
The sun
Why do some cells have more mitochondria?
They are more active (like a muscle cell).
Why are mitochondria called the powerhouse of the cell?
They break the chemical bonds of glucose to release energy
The individual sacs formed by the inner membrane are called ___________ and are arranges in _______ like pancakes
Thylakoids; stacks
Why is the inner mitochondrial membrane folded? What are these folds called?
To increase surface area; cristae
Phloem
Transports glucose and starch
Xylem
Transports water
Cuticle
Waxy covering on top of leaf to prevent water loss