Cell Energy Bio Quiz

How many high-energy bonds does ATP contain?

2

How many membranes surround a chloroplast?

2

Photosynthesis Equation

6CO2 + 6H2O —

What 3 main things make up an ATP molecule?

A nitrogen containing base, a 5-carbon sugar, and 3 phosphate groups

Which of the following compounds represents the cell's primary purpose for undergoing cellular respiration?

ATP

What does ATP stand for?

Adenosine Triphosphate

Two types of cellular respiration:

Aerobic and anaerobic

Aerobic Respiration (Who? O2? Reactants? Products? Where?)

All; O2 is needed; Glucose and oxygen; 36-38 ATP, carbon dioxide, and water; mitochondria.

Is fermentation aerobic or anaerobic?

Anaerobic

What is the difference between an autograph and a heterotroph?

Autotrophs make their own food from the sun while heterotrophs eat other organisms to obtain energy

Lactic Acid Fermentation (Who? O2? Reactants? Products? Where?)

Bacteria and human muscle cells; O2 isnt needed; glucose; 2 lactic acid and 2 ATP; cytoplasm

Alcoholic Fermentation (Who? O2? Reactants? Products? Where?)

Bacteria and yeast; no O2 is required; glucose; 2 ethyl alcohol, carbon dioxide, and 2 ATP; cytoplasm

Chemosynthesis (Who? O2? Reactants? Products? Where?)

Bacteria; no O2 is needed; CO2, H2O, H2S; glucose, O2, H2SO4; cytoplasm

Cellular Respiration Equation

C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

What are C6H12O6 (glucose) and O2 (oxygen) converted into in cellular respiration?

CO2 and H2O

During the process of photosynthesis, plants use carbon dioxide and water to produce what energy storage compounds?

Carbohydrates

The reactants for photosynthesis are:

Carbon dioxide and water

The products of cellular respiration are:

Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP

What cell process occurs in the mitochondria?

Cellular respiration

Which process releases energy?

Cellular respiration

Where is the energy from photosynthesis stored in glucose?

Chemical bonds

Which organelle is used in photosynthesis?

Chloroplast

Animal cells do not have _______ because they do not conduct photosynthesis

Chloroplasts

Photosynthesis takes place in which organelles?

Chloroplasts

When ATP loses a phosphate group _______ is released for cells and a molecule of _______ forms

Energy; ADP

What product of photosynthesis is converted into energy during cellular respiration?

Glucose

What sugar is produced by photosynthesis and broken down by cellular respiration?

Glucose

The products of photosynthesis are:

Glucose and oxygen

The reactants of cellular respiration are:

Glucose and oxygen

Stack of thylakoids

Granum (grana plural)

Chlorophyll

Green pigment in chloroplast; converts sunlight (radiant) energy into

During cellular respiration, glucose reacts with oxygen to produce water and carbon dioxide. Where in the cell does this reaction take place?

In the motochondria

Describe the outer membrane of the mitochondria

It is smooth

Stacks or grana are connected to each other by __________

Lamellae

Which organelle is used in cellular respiration?

Mitochondria

Does anaerobic respiration require oxygen? How many ATP molecules does it produce?

No; 2 ATP

What other organelles besides the mitochondria contain DNA and have a double membrane?

Nucleus and chloroplast

Guard cells

Open and close the stomata

Stomata

Openings in the leaf that allow gases to come in and out. These gases are CO2 (in) and O2 (out).

Accessory pigments

Other pigments that trap sunlight (red, orange, yellow, brown).

Both plants and animals obtain energy from food by the process of cellular respiration. What substance do plants produce during photosynthesis that is necessary for cellular respiration to take place?

Oxygen

Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells. Which gas is released during this process?

Oxygen

What does aerobic respiration require? How many ATP molecules does it produce?

Oxygen; 36-38 ATP

Which process stores energy?

Photosynthesis

How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related to each other?

Photosynthesis is the process in which plants use their own energy to make food. Cellular respiration is the process in which plants break down that food into energy

Photosynthesis (Who? O2? Reactants? Products? Where?)

Plants, algae, some protists, some bacteria; O2 is needed; water and carbon dioxide; glucose and oxygen; chloroplast

Upper epidermis

The layer that allows light to pass

A certain chemical is essential to the photosynthesis process. In which part of the plant would you expect to find the highest concentration of this chemical?

The leaves

Where are the high-energy bonds found in ATP?

The phosphate group

Where does the energy in glucose come from originally?

The sun

Why do some cells have more mitochondria?

They are more active (like a muscle cell).

Why are mitochondria called the powerhouse of the cell?

They break the chemical bonds of glucose to release energy

The individual sacs formed by the inner membrane are called ___________ and are arranges in _______ like pancakes

Thylakoids; stacks

Why is the inner mitochondrial membrane folded? What are these folds called?

To increase surface area; cristae

Phloem

Transports glucose and starch

Xylem

Transports water

Cuticle

Waxy covering on top of leaf to prevent water loss