Cell Regulation

Which drug may cause tooth and bone anomalies as a teratogenic effect? Alcohol Estrogen Tetracycline Valproic acid

C

A client who has ovarian cancer is to receive intravenous chemotherapy. Before the infusion, the nurse teaches the client how to use imagery to maximize the effects of the chemotherapy. Which statement specifically relates to this alternative therapy? A. "Rest the mind while remaining in the present." B. "Listen to soothing instrumental music during the infusion." C. "Light a candle with the scent of lavender during the infusion." D. "Focus on the droplets of chemotherapy attacking the cancer cells."

D

A residual urine test is prescribed for a client with benign prostatic hyperplasia. What should the nurse instruct the client to do? A. Void after a urinary catheter is removed. B. Collect a specimen of urine during midstream. C. Attempt to void when a urinary catheter is in place. D. Empty the bladder before a urinary catheter is inserted.

Emptying the bladder before a urinary catheter is inserted measures how much urine remains in the bladder after voiding. Residual urine is the urine left in the bladder after urinating. After voiding, the client is catheterized, or a bladder scan can be used. The bladder will be empty of urine when the urinary catheter is removed. Collecting a specimen of urine during midstream is known as a clean-catch, or midstream, urine specimen, not a residual urine test. The urinary catheter will prevent urine accumulation.

The nurse is caring for a client with hyperplasia of pituitary tissue. What would be the most appropriate goals of management? A. To alleviate headache B. To replace lost sodium C.To eliminate visual disturbances D. To check the urine specific gravity E. To return hormone levels to normal

A, C, E A client with hyperplasia of pituitary tissue (tissue overgrowth) will have oversecretion of pituitary hormones resulting in hyperpituitarism. The client with hyperpituitarism will experience headaches and changes in vision, thus the goal of management should be to have normal pituitary hormone levels. Replacement of lost sodium is important if the client has syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. The specific gravity of urine may be low in certain conditions such as hyperaldosteronism.

After head and neck surgery for cancer, the client reports that the neck dressing is tight. Which action should the nurse take? A. Assess for signs of constriction B. Observe dressing for bleeding C. Loosen the dressing D. Explain why the dressing is necessary

A. If the dressing is too tight, impaired cerebral circulation may result. Also, the client must be assessed for the presence of edema or a hematoma that may be compressing structures in the neck, which may compromise the airway. Bleeding will not cause the client to report feelings of tightness. The dressing may be loosened or removed only if prescribed by the primary healthcare provider. A pressure dressing is not necessary after this type of surgery.

A client with tuberculosis is started on a chemotherapy protocol that includes rifampin. The nurse evaluates that the teaching about rifampin is effective when the client makes which statement? A. "I need to drink a lot of fluid while I take this medication." B. "I can expect my urine to turn orange from this medication." C. "I should have my hearing tested while I take this medication." D. "I might get a skin rash because it is an expected side effect of this medication."

B Rifampin causes body fluids, such as sweat, tears, and urine, to turn orange. It is not necessary to drink large amounts of fluid with this drug; it is not nephrotoxic. Damage to the eighth cranial nerve is not a side effect of rifampin; it is a side effect of streptomycin sulfate, sometimes used to treat tuberculosis. A skin rash is not a side effect of rifampin.

What are the side effects of oral psoralen in phototherapy? A. Atrophy B. Sunburn C. Mucosistis D. Ocular Damage E. Pruritus

B and E. Oral psoralen is one form of phototherapy used in the treatment of many dermatologic conditions. Sunburn and persistent pruritus are side effects of oral psoralen. Atrophy, mucositis, and ocular damage are the adverse reactions of radiation therapy.

A pregnant woman who is past her due date is hospitalized for a labor induction. Which drug should be administered to the client? A. Clomiphene B. Menotropins C. Dinoprostone D. Choriogonadotropin alfa

C. Dinoprostone is a prostaglandin that stimulates uterine contractions to promote the progression of labor. Clomiphene, menotropins, and choriogonadotropin alfa are fertility drugs that are used to increase the likelihood of conception in an infertile woman.

The primary reason the nurse encourages a client with a spinal cord injury to increase oral fluid intake is to prevent which problem? A. Dehydration B. Skin Breakdown C. Electrolyte Imbalance D. Urinary Tract Infection

D. Clients in the early stages of spinal cord damage experience an atonic bladder, which is characterized by the absence of muscle tone, an enlarged capacity, no feeling of discomfort with distention, and overflow with a large residual. This leads to urinary stasis and infection. High fluid intake limits urinary stasis and infection by diluting the urine and increasing urinary output. Dehydration is not a major problem after spinal cord injury. Pressure-relieving devices and position changes are most essential in preventing skin breakdown. An electrolyte imbalance is not a major problem after spinal cord injury.