Cell Respiration

How many loops does the Krebs Cycle make?

2 loops

What is the net gain of products of the Krebs Cycle? (include electron carriers)

2ATP, 6NADH, 2FADH

How many ATP are made in the electron transport chain (breaking the piggy bank)?

32 ATP

Electrons carried by NADH pass through __________ proteins and electrons carried by FADH pass through __________ proteins.

3; 2

Pyruvate has __________ carbons while Acetyl CoA has __________.

3; 2

How many TOTAL carbons are lost in the Krebs Cycle?

4, it loses 2 carbon the first time through, but goes back around a second time. ------------------------------------------------------------------ pyruvate (3C) > Acetyl CoA (2C) > [citrate (6C) > 6C (-CO2) > 5C (-CO2) > 4C > 4C > 4C > 4C > 4C]

Finish the formula: C6H12O6 + 6O2 > ???

6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

How many TOTAL electron carriers are use in the Krebs Cycle?

8 electron carriers (6NADH, 2FADH)

Illustrate the full oxidation of glucose.

C6H12O6 > CO2 and 4ATP

The Krebs Cycle is also known as the __________.

Citric Acid Cycle

What are the three main stages of cellular respiration? (in chronological order)

Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain

__________ gives a small net gain of ATP without the use of __________.

Glycolysis; oxygen

What happens when there is no oxygen at the end of the electron transport chain?

It gets "backed up" and cells run out of energy, killing the organism.

Name 2 examples of fermentation. (BE SPECIFIC, ex: name where it takes place)

Production of ethanol in bacteria and yeast; production of lactic acid in animals

What is chemiosmosis?

The diffusion of protons across a membrane.

What causes the protons in the intermembrane space to travel through ATP synthase?

The intermembrane space has a high concentration while the matrix has a low concentration.

What is made when electrons meet the final electron acceptor?

Water is made (specifically, 6H2O)

What happens during the pathway of glycolysis? a. Glucose is broken down into pyruvate b. CO2 is produced c. More ATP is consumed than produced d. Lactic acid is produced

a. Glucose is broken down into pyruvate

What is the role of NAD in aerobic cellular respiration? a. To transfer hydrogen to the electron to the electron transport chain and ATP synthase b. To reduce intermediates in the Krebs Cycle c. To accept electrons from the electron transport chain d. To combine with oxygen to produce water

a. To transfer hydrogen to the electron to the electron transport chain and ATP synthase

When no oxygen is present for the pyruvate, it proceeds to travel down the path of __________ respiration.

anaerobic

When electrons pass through the proteins located in the cristae, the proteins pump out protons (hydrogen ions) into the a. cytoplasm b. intermembrane space c. matrix d. outer membrane

b. intermembrane space

What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain? a. ATP synthase b. oxygen c. NADH d. FADH

b. oxygen

Which of the following is the best definition of cellular respiration? a. A process needed to use energy, in the form of ATP, to produce organic compounds b. A process used to provide oxygen to the atmosphere c. A controlled release of energy, in the form of ATP, from organic compounds in cells d. A controlled release of energy in the production of food from organic compounds

c. A controlled release of energy, in the form of ATP, from organic compounds in cells

During glycolysis a hexose sugar is broken down to two pyruvate molecules. What is the correct sequence of stages? a. Phosphorylation-oxidation-lysis b. Oxidation-phosphorylation-lysis c. Phosphorylation-lysis-oxidation d. Lysis-oxidation-phosphorylation

c. Phosphorylation-lysis-oxidation

Use the words: [cannot, can] Lactic acid __________ be produced back into pyruvate while ethanol __________ be produced back into pyruvate, making it a dead end.

can; cannot

How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration? a. They store it in molecules of CO2 b. They produce glucose c. The energy is released as pyruvate d. They produce ATP

d. They produce ATP

ATP synthase a. sets up a H+ gradient b. allows H+ to flow through it (like a revolving door) c. powers bonding of Pi (consumed phosphates) to ADP d. does all of these

d. does all of these

Oxidation a. removes H b. loses electrons c. releases energy (exergonic) d. does all of these

d. does all of these

Reduction a. adds H b. gains electrons c. stores energy (endergonic) d. does all of these

d. does all of these

During the oxidation of pyruvate into Acetyl CoA, the loss of CO2 is known as __________.

decarboxylation

ATP- a. easily gives up phosphate groups b. primes stable molecules to react c. is the energy currency in the cell's economy d. is made by all cells e. does all of these

e. does all of these

Cellular respiration involves the oxidation and reduction of __________ carriers.

electron

The CO2 produced during the oxidation of pyruvate is __________.

exhaled

Turning glucose into six carbon dioxides is an example of __________.

oxidation

In glycolysis, glucose is converted to __________ in the __________.

pyruvate; cytoplasm

During the oxidation of pyruvate into Acetyl CoA, the transformation of NAD+ into NADH is known as __________.

reduction

Turning the six oxygen molecules into six water molecules is an example of __________.

reduction

Phosphorylation of a molecule makes them less __________.

stable