Cellular Regulation- PrepU

A nurse is explaining treatment options to a client diagnosed with an immune dysfunction. Which statement by the client accurately reflects the teaching about current stem cell research?

"Stem cell transplantation has been carried out in humans with certain types of immune dysfunction, and clinical trials using stem cells are underway in clients with a variety of disorders with an autoimmune component."

The nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has been diagnosed with prostate cancer. The nurse notes that the Gleason score was used to grade the cancer. Which total score would the nurse interpret as indicating a highly aggressive cancer?

9

Which of the following is a term used to describe the process by which a new blood supply is formed?

Angiogenesis

A nurse determines that a patient has poor nutrition based on which assessment finding?

Beefy-red tongue

The nursing instructor, while teaching about renal function and disorders, informs the students that the most frequent form of urinary tract cancer is:

Bladder

Which of the following would the nurse expect to be done to assess the size of the prostate?

Digital rectal examination

A client who has received chemotherapy has a steadily decreasing white blood cell count. To increase the neutrophil count, the nurse anticipates administering:

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

Which assessment and laboratory findings would be most closely associated with acute leukemia?

High blast cell counts and fever

After a transsphenoidal adenohypophysectomy, a client is likely to undergo hormone replacement therapy. A transsphenoidal adenohypophysectomy is performed to treat which type of cancer?

Pituitary carcinoma

A patient is diagnosed with a spinal cord tumor and has had a course of radiation and chemotherapy. Two months after the completion of the radiation, the patient complains of severe pain in the back. What is pain an indicator of in a patient with a spinal cord tumor?

Spinal metastasis

A nurse is assigned to care for a newborn with hyperbilirubinemia. The newborn is relatively large in size and shows signs of listlessness. What most likely occurred?

The infant's mother probably had diabetes.

A client who had intracavity radiation treatment for cervical cancer 1 month earlier reports small amounts of vaginal bleeding. This finding most likely represents:

an expected effect of the radiation therapy.

The nurse is teaching a pregnant woman with iron-deficiency anemia about her prescribed iron supplement. The nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the client states that she will take the supplement with:

citrus juice.

What is the term for the ability of the cardiac muscle to shorten in response to an electrical impulse?

contractility

Cross-tolerance to a drug is defined as:

one drug reduces response to another drug.

Which of the following is the most common HIV-related malignancy?

Kaposi's sarcoma

A client suffers from low mood and disturbed sleep. This client is most likely experiencing a change in which neurotransmitter?

Serotonin

A client with pernicious anemia is receiving parenteral vitamin B12 therapy. Which client statement indicates effective teaching about this therapy?

"I will receive parenteral vitamin B12 therapy for the rest of my life."

A client diagnosed with endometriosis asks the nurse how it is that she did not know about this when she had it for so long. What is the nurse's best response?

"Its symptoms mimic those of other disorders "

The nurse has just admitted a 12-year-old client who is going to have an above-the-knee amputation of their left leg due to osteosarcoma. The nurse knows that adequate preoperative teaching and learning is important for what reason?

Client will have a shorter recovery period.

Your patient has recently completed her first round of chemotherapy in the treatment of lung cancer. When reviewing this morning's blood work, what findings would be suggestive of myelosuppression?

Decreased platelets and red blood cells

The nurse observes the laboratory studies for a client in the hospital with fatigue, feeling cold all of the time, and hemoglobin of 8.6 g/dL and a hematocrit of 28%. What finding would be an indicator of iron-deficiency anemia?

Erythrocytes that are microcytic and hypochromic

"What is a characteristic of the genomic era of personalized medicine's impact on health care?"

Optimization of risk reduction related to genetic predisposition

A nurse is providing care to a toddler with nephroblastoma and is being evaluated. Which nursing action would be most important?

Placing a "no abdominal palpation" sign above the child's bed

A nurse is caring for a child with Hodgkin disease who is in the induction phase of a chemotherapy regimen. The nurse explains to the parents that the goal of this phase is to:

kill enough cancerous cells to induce remission.

Which medication reverses digitalis toxicity?

Digoxin immune FAB

A patient suspected of having Guillain-Barré syndrome has had a lumbar puncture for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) evaluation. When reviewing the laboratory results, what does the nurse find that is diagnostic for this disease?

Elevated protein levels in the CSF

The nurse's plan of care for a client with multiple myeloma should include interventions to prevent:

Fractures

A patient with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is having hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with radiation therapy. In which complication do the donor's lymphocytes recognize the patient's body as foreign and set up reactions to attack the foreign host?

Graft-versus-host disease

A 37-year-old mother of three has just been diagnosed with a grade I meningioma. As part of patient education, the nurse tells the patient that:

Growth is slow and symptoms are caused by compression rather than tissue invasion.

What is the term for an adaptation to environmental stress that occurs when tissue mass enlarges due to cell multiplication and increased stimulation?

Hyperplasia

The nurse assesses the client and observes reddish-purple to dark blue macules, plaques, and nodules. The nurse recognizes that these manifestations are associated with which condition?

Kaposi sarcoma

A nursing student who is studying cancer cells identifies which of the following to be the best definition of anaplasia?

Loss of cell differentiation in cancerous tissue

The nursing student who is studying about cancer correctly identifies which type to be the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women?

Lung cancer

A health care provider prescribed a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist to suppress testicular androgen and treat prostate cancer. Which medication is the primary drug of choice?

Lupron

HIV is harbored within which type of cell?

Lymphocyte

Which is a growth-based classification of tumors?

Malignancy; Tumors classified on the basis of growth are described as benign or malignant. Tumors that are classified on the basis of the cell or tissue of origin are carcinomas, sarcomas, lymphomas, and leukemias.

During a community education program on genetics and genomics, the nurse uses which of the following as an example of a small gene mutation that affects protein structure-producing hemoglobin S?

Sickle cell anemia

What is the term used for the concentration of drug in the blood serum that produces the desired effect without causing toxicity?

Therapeutic range

A client is treated for anemia. What is the nurse's best understanding about the correlation between anemia and the client's iron stores?

There is a strong correlation between iron stores and hemoglobin levels.

A nurse is speaking to a local women's group about the various types of cancer affecting the female reproductive tract. The nurse explains that ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancies based on the understanding that this type of cancer does which of the following?

Typically manifests with vague symptoms resulting in late diagnosis

The nurse is explaining the latest laboratory results to a pregnant client who is in her third trimester. After letting the client know she is anemic, which heme iron-rich foods should the nurse encourage her to add to her diet?

meats

The nurse is caring for a variety of pediatric clients in the community health clinic. Which client is the nurse most concerned with being at risk for iron-deficiency anemia?

A 16-year-old, pregnant for the first time and lives with her parents

A client with chronic renal failure who receives hemodialysis three times weekly has a hemoglobin (Hb) level of 7 g/dl (70mmol/L). The most therapeutic pharmacologic intervention would be to administer

epoetin alfa.