Cellular Respiration

2. What is ATP and what does it provide?

ATP is adenosine triphosphate and it provides energy in a form cells can use.

10. What is the difference between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration? Which process creates the most ATP?

Aerobic respiration takes place in the presence of oxygen, while anaerobic respiration takes place without oxygen present. Aerobic respiration produces the most ATP.

The gas released during lactic acid fermentation is carbon dioxide.

Alcoholic

3. Describe the process of cellular respiration

Cellular respiration is the process where organisms use oxygen to break down the glucose in food to produce ATP energy, carbon dioxide, and water. Energy from organic molecules is converted to ATP energy.

Glycolysis takes place in the mitochondria of the cell.

Cytoplasm

4. Describe the process of glycolysis.

Glycolysis breaks down glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid, NADH, and 2 molecules of ATP.

Anaerobic respiration creates less ATP energy than aerobic respiration.

True

Fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration.

True

If oxygen is not present, glycolysis is followed by fermentation.

True

The Krebs Cycle and electron transport chain both take place in the mitochondria.

True

Fermentation is always the first phase in cellular respiration.

Glycolysis

What four cell processes do all living cells need energy for?

Breaking down food, cell reproduction, synthesizing organic molecules, actively transporting materials in and out of cell.

Write the chemical equation for aerobic respiration below

C6H12O6 + 6O2 Æ 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

In the Krebs Cycle, pyruvic acid from glycolysis is used to make oxygen.

Carbon dioxide

Yeast is a type of bacteria.

Fungi

5. What are two advantages of glycolysis?

It is very fast at supplying ATP energy to cells and does not require oxygen.

6. What process occurs after glycolysis if oxygen is available for cellular respiration?

Krebs Cycle

Yogurt, cheese, and other foods are produced through alcoholic fermentation.

Lactic acid

The majority of cellular respiration takes place in the nucleus of cells.

Mitochondria

13. Why do you feel a sore burning sensation in your muscles when you exercise strenuously?

The lactic acid byproduct of lactic acid fermentation builds up in muscle cells and causes this sensation.

Without carbon dioxide and food, cells cannot create ATP to power life processes.

Oxygen

Write the chemical equation for alcoholic fermentation below.

Pyruvic Acid + NADH Æ Alcohol + CO2 + NAD+

Write the chemical equation for lactic acid fermentation below.

Pyruvic Acid + NADH Æ Lactic acid + NAD+

14. Summarize the process of alcoholic fermentation.

Pyruvic acid produced during glycolysis is converted to alcohol, carbon dioxide, and NAD+

9. If 10 glucose molecules enter the Krebs Cycle, how many possible molecules of ATP can be produced?

Show your work. 10 x 36 = 360 molecules of ATP

8. What is the purpose of the electron transport chain?

The electron transport chain transports high-energy electrons supplied by the Krebs Cycle to carrier molecules to convert ADP to ATP molecules.

7. Describe what occurs during the Krebs Cycle.

The products of pyruvic acid and NADH of glycolysis are converted to carbon dioxide, 2 molecules of ATP, and electron carriers.

11. Summarize the process of lactic acid fermentation.

The pyruvic acid produced during glycolysis is converted to alcohol, carbon dioxide, and NAD+. No carbon dioxide is produced.

15. What is yeast and why is it used for making bread?

Yeast undergoes alcoholic fermentation when no oxygen is available. When used in breads, the yeast breaks down the sugar anaerobically and release carbon dioxide and alcohol. The carbon dioxide released in gas bubbles is what give bread its airy texture and the alcohol evaporates.

12. What foods are made with lactic acid produced by prokaryotic bacteria?

Yogurt, cheeses, buttermilk, sour cream, and pickles.