Ch 1-3 Quizzes

_____ thinking involves considering various pieces of evidence, synthesizing them (i.e., fitting them together), and relating them to the bigger picture. Formal Reasoned Scientific Critical

Critical

_____ statistics are used to organize and present a set of data, often through tables, graphs, and charts. Inferential Experimental Operational Descriptive

Descriptive

Dr. Hernandez has a PsyD degree. Which statement is TRUE? Dr. Hernandez works as a mental health counselor. Dr. Hernandez can prescribe medicine in all states. Dr. Hernandez focuses on professional practice, rather than on conducting research. Dr. Hernandez is a psychiatrist.

Dr. Hernandez focuses on professional practice, rather than on conducting research.

Which psychologist is matched with the CORRECT perspective? George Miller - cognitive John Watson - psychodynamic Carl Rogers - behavioral Jean Piaget - sociocultural

George Miller - cognitive

_____ statistics allow researchers to predict the probability of events occurring in the future. Descriptive Operational Experimental Inferential

Inferential

_____ statistics allow researchers to predict the probability of events occurring in the future. Descriptive Inferential Experimental Operational

Inferential

Which statement BEST captures the goal of structuralism? It seeks to understand the purpose of the mind. It seeks to understand the influence of the unconscious mind. It seeks to identify what comprises the mind. It seeks to describe observable behavior.

It seeks to identify what comprises the mind.

Why, exactly, do experiments enable cause-and-effect conclusions? Behavior is observed in its usual environment. One variable is manipulated, while all others are controlled. An in-depth study of a single individual is completed. Relationships among variables are assessed.

One variable is manipulated, while all others are controlled.

Clinical psychologist is to psychiatrist as _____ is to _____. MD; PhD MD; PsyD PsyD; PhD PhD; MD

PhD; MD

_____ synthesize observations to explain phenomena, and they can be used to make predictions that can be tested through research. Theories Operational definitions Hypotheses Experiments

Theories

The pioneering psychologist _____ used a method called _____ to enable subjects to examine their own mental processes. Watson; introspection Watson; internal perception Wundt; introspection Wundt; internal perception

Wundt; introspection

A psychologist conducts a detailed investigation of a single genius with an IQ of 190. This is an example of: a survey. naturalistic observation. an experiment. a case study.

a case study.

Applying the findings of research is aimed MOST directly at psychology's goal of explanation. description. control. prediction.

control

A graduate student is reading dozens of studies examining the effect of external rewards on intrinsic motivation. For each study, she considers the quality of its methods and the implications of its results for a broad theory of motivation. The graduate student is engaged in _____ thinking. abstract critical empirical reasoned

critical

A high school history teacher admonishes her students to consider the source and the quality of the evidence they cite in support of the points they make in their essays. The teacher is encouraging her students to engage in _____ thinking. empirical scientific critical formal

critical

In an experiment, the _____ variable is also called the response variable. independent experimental control dependent

dependent

Critical thinking is _____ the scientific method. dependent on the same thing as an alternative to the first step in

dependent on

With respect to psychology's goals, apply is to control as observe is to: analyze. predict. explain. describe.

describe

The LAST step in the scientific method is: publishing the findings. designing a study. developing a question analyzing data.

publishing the findings.

Rare phenomena are BEST studied using a descriptive research technique called: the case study. the experimental method. naturalistic observation. the survey.

the case study.

Theory is to hypothesis as _____ is to _____. prediction; description explanation; description explanation; prediction prediction; explanation

explanation; prediction

The prominent social psychologist David Buss developed an evolutionary theory of sexual and emotional jealousy. Buss's theory reflects the continuing influence of the school of _____ in early psychology. functionalism humanism structuralism behaviorism

functionalism

MOST psychologists are employed in: higher education. private practice. hospitals. government.

higher education.

Today's positive psychology is grounded in an earlier view called the _____ perspective. functionalist behavioral psychodynamic humanistic

humanistic

In an experiment, the _____ variable is also called the explanatory variable. experimental dependent control independent

independent

he textbook describes a study (Lillard & Peterson, 2011) in which children were randomly assigned to one of three 9-minute activity conditions: watching SpongeBob SquarePants, watching an educational program, or drawing and coloring. In this study, the activity condition was a(n) _____ variable. extraneous experimental dependent independent

independent

A(n) _____ definition states the prices method in which a variable is to be defined and measured. critical theoretical formal operational

operational

In a research study examining depressive symptoms, "the score an individual receives on the Beck Depression Inventory" is a(n) _____ definition. scientific critical operational procedural

operational

A graduate student is re-reading an article she hopes to publish. She is trying to anticipate the feedback she might receive from subject-matter experts during the meticulous process of _____ review. This process exists to help safeguard against fraud and inaccuracies in published research articles. expert panel peer critical

peer

Human strengths and virtues are the focus of a new approach called _____ psychology. humanistic positive cognitive spiritual

positive

Mona remarks that she is interested in the effects of optimism on physical and mental health. Jackson recommends that she explore the works of the _____ psychologists. psychodynamic positive behavioral cognitive

positive

Dr. Rowan attempts to help his patients uncover unconscious motives and conflicts. Dr. Rowan appears to favor the _____ perspective in psychology. psychoanalytic cognitive behavioral humanistic

psychoanalytic

Dr. Rowan attempts to help his patients uncover unconscious motives and conflicts. Dr. Rowan appears to favor the _____ perspective in psychology. behavioral cognitive humanistic psychoanalytic

psychoanalytic

Science is to pseudopsychology as _____ is to _____. astrology; numerology astrology; astronomy psychology; astrology numerology; psychology

psychology; astrology

Bertina is conducting a long-term study of intelligence, asking if it changes significantly as people age. In this study, intelligence would be considered a(n): sample. confound. variable. constant.

variable

Measureable characteristics that can change over time and across people are called: operational definitions. variables. statistics. constants.

variables.