Ch. 1

An Example of Basic Research

ANSWER: The study of the composition of the atom Options: The design of new batteries for electric cars The study of the composition of the atom The study of the relationship between the amount of automobile emissions gases in the atmosphere and the decomposition of atmospheric ozone the development of new plastics that can be recycled The study of natural compounds in sea animals to look for new molecules that can be used for medicine

How many meters is 15.5 millimeters?

Answer: 0.0155m

The diameter of a lead pipe was measured to be 2.40 centimeters. Its diameter in units of meters is ________.

Answer: 0.0240meters

If 1 ft = 12 in, how many feet is 16.0 inches?

Answer: 1.33 ft

The gap between two brain cells is 2.0 × 10-3 nm. How many meters is this?

Answer: 2.0 × 10-12 m

If one meter is equal to 39.4 inches, how many centimeters are in one foot?

Answer: 30.4cm

The radius of an oxygen atom is 6.6 × 10-11 meter. What is this radius in pico meters? (1pm = 10-12m)

Answer: 66 Picometers

What is your weight in kilograms if you weigh 155 pounds? (1 kg = 2.2 lbs)

Answer: 70.5 Kg

During which of the scientific activities does the scientist come up with an hypothesis?

Answer: A hypothesis can come at any time, no matter what the scientist may be doing.

Distinguish between a scientific hypothesis and a theory.

Answer: A scientific hypothesis is a testable assumption, while a theory is a well-verified idea used to explain a broad range of phenomena. Options: Only a scientific hypothesis is subject to scrutiny, while a theory is generally accepted to be true and thus does not change. A scientific hypothesis is a testable assumption, while a theory is a well-verified idea used to explain a broad range of phenomena. Once a scientific hypothesis has been proven to be accurate, it becomes known as a theory. In order to be scientific, an hypothesis must be backed by a theory. A scientific hypothesis must be testable, while a theory has already been tested.

Which of the following statements about science is true?

Answer: All of the Above Experiments do not always go as planned. Science deals with observations and experimentation. Science deals only with testable hypotheses. Scientists believe that natural phenomenon have natural explanations.

Which of the following can be classified as matter?

Answer: All of the Above sand ice cream perfume water

Why is reproducibility such a vital component of science?

Answer: An experiment can only be considered valid if other scientists can reproduce the results.

The diameter of a lead pipe is measured to be 2.40 cm and you are asked to convert to units of inches. For this conversion factor problem, what units do you begin with in your calculation?

Answer: Centimeters

The diameter of a lead pipe is measured to be 2.40 cm and you are asked to convert to units of inches. For this conversion factor problem, what units do you end with in your calculation?

Answer: Inches

Which of the following would not be considered matter?

Answer: Light

Which statement is most accurate?

Answer: New technologies drive from scientific discoveries.

The diameter of a lead pipe is measured to be 2.40 cm and you are asked to convert to units of inches. Which of the following conversion factors can you use to solve this problem?

Answer: None of the above Options: 100 cm = 1 m 12 in = 1 ft 3 ft = 1 yd two of the above none of the above

Any conversion factor is equal to ______.

Answer: One Options: The new unit being derived Its reciprocal One The negative of its inversion factor

Some politicians take pride in maintaining a particular point of view. They think that a change of mind would be seen as a sign of weakness. How is a change of mind viewed differently in science?

Answer: Science deals with facts that are confirmed by experiments. A "change of mind" in science, therefore, is usually the result of new experimental evidence obtained from experiments.

Which of the following best describes a theory?

Answer: a comprehensive idea that has been extensively tested

Which of the following would be considered applied research?

Answer: determining the lightest and strongest metal to be used for an airplane wing

Which of the following would be considered basic research?

Answer: examining why a mouse likes cheddar cheese more than swiss cheese

Which of the following are scientific hypothesis? (i) Stars are made of the lost teeth of children. (ii) Albert Einstein was the greatest scientist ever to have lived. (iii) The planet Mars is reddish because it is coated with cotton candy. (iv) Aliens from outer space have transplanted themselves into the minds of all government workers. (v) Tides are caused by the moon. (vi) You were President Abraham Lincoln in your past life. (vii) A human remains self-aware while sleeping. (viii) A human remains self-aware after death. (ix) A human remains self-aware before being conceived.

Answer: i, iii, v, vii, viii i, ii, iii, v, vii, viii ii, iv, vi i, iii, v, vii, viii All of these statements are scientific hypothesis.

Scientific Hypothesis

Answer: testable assumption used to explain an observation Option: testable assumption used to explain an observation prediction of what will happen in a certain situation test designed to limit possible conclusions restatement of a natural phenomenon well-tested theory that has been shown to be valid

Why do scientists run control experiments and repeat their tests several times?

Answer: to minimize the number of conclusions and limit potential flaws in the experiment

How might the demand for reproducibility in science have the long-term effect of compelling honesty?

Answers: All of the Above A scientist who has knowingly falsifies any bit of evidence runs the risk of losing credibility for all his or her life's work. Science is about discovering the rules of nature. A scientist who creates his or her own rules through dishonesty, which may not be reproducible in other laboratories, is not truly doing science. Any false claims are eventually uncovered. Scientists, therefore, stand to gain most from reporting their results truthfully.

Chemistry is the study of _______.

Answers: Matter and the transformations of matter Options: matter transformations of matter only macroscopic phenomena only microscopic phenomena