Ch. 1-6 review

How much current is needed to heat the filament enough to produce a 100-1000 mA tube current? A. 5 A to 7 A B. 5mA to 7mA C. 1mA to 10mA D. 1A to 10 A

A. 5 A to 7 A

With a 75-kVp exposure, the energy of the photons displayed on the continuous emission spectrum can range from just above 0 to A. 75 keV B. 50 keV C. 150 keV D. 25 keV

A. 75 keV

The majority of x-ray photons produced are A. Brems photons B. Characteristic photons C. photons with energy higher than 80 keV D. photons with energy higher than 70 keV

A. Brem photons

Place the following events leading to the production of x-rays in order, from first to last I. kilovoltage is rectified II. voltage is adjusted at the autotransformer III. anode and cathode develop large positive and negative charges IV. voltage changes to kilovoltage A. II, IV, I, III B. III, I, II, IV C. I, III, IV, II D. IV, III, II, I

A. II, IV, I, III

Which of the following occurs first in the sequence of events leafing to x-ray production? A. Voltage becomes kilovoltage B. electrons flow from cathode to anode C. AC is converted to DC D. Anode and cathode become positively and negatively charged

A. Voltage becomes kilovoltage

The process of a series of outer-shell electrons filling inner-shell vacancies right after the other is called A. characteristic cascade B. characteristic tumble C. characteristic sequence D. characteristic xrays

A. characteristic cascade

A discrete emission spectrum is a graphic representation of A. characteristic radiation B. bremsstrahlung radiation C. remnant radiation D. A and B E. B and C

A. characteristic radiation

To double beam quantity A. double the mAs B. increase the mAs by a factor of 4 (2^2) C. leave the mAs as is and reduce the kVp D. halve the mAs

A. double the mAs

The x-axis for all emission spectra represents the: A. energy level of the photons B. number of photons C. HVL of the photons D. amount of transmitted radiation

A. energy level of the photons

The filaments are connected to the A. filament circuit B. primary circuit C. secondary circuit D. none of the above

A. filament circuit

In the terms of the x-ray tube, envelope is another name for the A. glass or metal enclosure B. cathode C. induction motor D. anode

A. glass or metal enclosure

Thermionic emission is A. heating the filament until electrons are boiled off B. the space charge that travels from cathode to anode C. heating the filament D. using the focusing cup to create a space charge

A. heating the filament until electrons are boiled off

The primary purpose of the step-down transformer is to A. increase the amperage going to the filaments B. increase the voltage going to the filaments C. decrease the amperage going to the filaments D. decrease the voltage going to the filaments

A. increase the amperage going to the filaments

When a switch is turned on, the electric circuit A. is closed B. does not allow electrons to flow C. is opened D. none of the above

A. is closed

The primary controlling factor for beam quality is A. kVP B. filtration C. mAs D. distance

A. kVP

The protective housing is lined with A. lead B. aluminum C. copper D. glass

A. lead

The ability of a material to attract iron, cobalt, or nickel is called A. magnetism B. potential difference C. voltage D. electromagnetism

A. magnetism

For AEC, the ionization chamber is placed between the ____________ and _____________. A. patient; image receptor B. grid; image receptor C. image receptor; wall D. tube; patient

A. patient; image receptor

The autotransformer is found on the A. primary circuit B. secondary circuit C. filament circuit D. none of the above

A. primary circuit

The main power switch is found on the A. primary circuit B. secondary circuit C. filament circuit D. none of the above

A. primary circuit

The primary side of the high-voltage transformer is found on the A. primary circuit B. secondary circuit C. filament circuit D. none of the above

A. primary circuit

Magnetic field strength is measured in A. tesla B. ohms C. joules D. Newtons

A. tesla

The less ripple: A. the more consistent the energy of the x-rays produced B. the less consistent the energy of the x-rays produced C. the greater the amount of radiation needed for a specific exposure D. none of the above

A. the more consistent the energy of the x-rays produced

Heat from x-ray production is removed through convection by the heat traveling from: A. the tube into the room by cooling fans B. the tube to heat tolerant material C. the tube to the oil bath D. none of the above

A. the tube into the room by cooling fans

Three-phase power A. uses three AC waveforms at the same time B. results in three times the ripple C. is half-wave rectified D. A and B

A. uses three AC waveforms at the same time

Of all the energy involved in x-ray production, ___________ % is converted to x-ray energy. A. 99% B. 1% C. 10% D. 50%

B. 1%

How many heat units are produced with five consecutive exposures using a three-phase, 12-pulse x-ray unit; 85 kVp; and 20 mAs? A. 2,397 HU B. 11,985 HU C. 2,295 HU D. 1,700 HU

B. 11,985 HU

Place the following events leading to the production of x-rays in order, from first to last I. electrons are boiled off the filament II. electricity leaves the autotransformer III. electricity goes to primary side of step-down transformer IV. filament is heated A. III,IV, II, I B. II, III, IV, I C. I, II, III, IV D. II, IV, III, I

B. II, III, IV, I

Placing filtration in the path of the beam results in A. a softer beam B. a harder beam C. a sharper image D. more x-ray photons

B. a harder beam

The 60 Hz of electricity flowing into homes in the US characterizes A. indirect current B. alternating current C. direct current D. weak current

B. alternating current

The electrons in the tube current travel: A. at the speed of light B. approximately half the speed of light C. approximately one-fouth the speed of light D. none of the above

B. approximately half the speed of light

Closed-core and shell-type transformers: A. are seldom used in x-ray equipment B. are more sophisticated and incorporate a ferromagnetic core C. are simpler types of transformers D. are less efficient types of transformers

B. are more sophisticated and incorporate a ferromagnetic core

Tungsten is used to coat the anode disc because it A. has a low atomic number B. conducts heat well C. has a low melting point D. does not conduct heat well

B. conducts heat well

Electrons from the cathode that do not produce x-rays will A. be absorbed in the air in the tube B. continue as current flow through the circuit C. return to the cathode filament D. be absorbed in the envelope

B. continue as current flow through the circuit

Which of the following materials is a good conductor? A. glass B. copper C. plastic D. all of the above are good conductors

B. copper

A step-down transformer results in A. decreased current B. decreased voltage C. decreased resistance D. A and B

B. decreased voltage

As the distance increases, the beam quantity reaching a specific area A. stays the same B. decreases C. doubles D. increases

B. decreases

A closed pathway of wires and related elements is a(n): A. fuse B. electric circuit C. rheostat D. diode

B. electric circuit

The flow of electrons along a conductor is A. electrostatics B. electric current C. resistance D. electric potential

B. electric current

The volt is the unit of measure for A. electrostatics B. electric potential C. resistance D. electric current

B. electric potential

The study of stationary electric charges is: A. electronics B. electrostatics. C. electrodynamics. D. electromagnetism.

B. electrostatics.

Rubbing a rubber rod with fur is an example of electrification by: A. contact B. friction C. induction D. A and B

B. friction

A material that has a large number of free electrons is a A. good insulator B. good conductor C. poor conductor D. All of the above

B. good conductor

The formula kVp* mA* s* c is used to calculate A. cooling time B. heat units C. Hounsfield units D. heating time

B. heat units

A pulsed DC is produced by A. three-phase power B. high-frequency generators C. half-wave rectification D. full-wave rectification

B. high-frequency generators

A step-up transformer results in A. increased current B. increased voltage C. increased resistance D. A and B

B. increased voltage

A transformer with 100 times more turns on the secondary side as compared with the primary: A. is a transformer that works on self-induction B. is a step-up transformer C. is a step-down transformer D. will have 100 times the current on the secondary side

B. is a step-up transformer

Copper is used in the rotating anode because A. it is an excellent insulator B. it is an excellent conductor C. it has a high atomic number D. it has a low atomic number

B. it is an excellent conductor

The purpose of the focusing cup is to A. produce thermionic emission from the filament B. keep the electrons together C. allow the electrons to spread out D. prevent thermionic emission from the filament

B. keep the electrons together

The purpose of grounding is to A. provide a source of electricity B. neutralize a charged object C. replace the circuit breaker D. none of the above

B. neutralize a charged object

One HVL reduces the intensity of the x-ray beam to _______ of its original. A. one third B. one half C. one fourth D. two thirds

B. one half

A circuit with elements that are arranged like a "bridge" or branching across a conductor is called a A. bridge circuit B. parallel circuit C. series-parallel circuit D. series circuit

B. parallel circuit

What must be adjusted to change the temperature of the filament? A. solid-state rectifier B. rheostat C. step-up transformer D. autotransformer

B. rheostat

The rectifiers are found on the A. primary circuit B. secondary circuit C. filament circuit D. none of the above

B. secondary circuit

The advantage of using a small effective focal spot is A. less exposure can be used B. the image is sharper C. the image is less sharp D. it is safer for the patient

B. the image is sharper

The relationship between the actual focal spot size, effective focal spot size, and anode target angle is called A. the anode heel effect B. the line-focus principle C. Roentgen's principle D. all of the above

B. the line-focus principle

The total number of x-ray photons in a beam is referred to as the A. x-ray number B. x-ray quantity C. x-ray beam D. x-ray quality

B. x-ray quantity

The average energy of a brems photon is ______ of the kVp selected at the control panel. A. 1/2 B. 2/3 C. 1/3 D. the same as that

C. 1/3

The most common x-ray tube angle is: A. 18 degrees B. 2 degrees C. 12 degrees D. 8 degrees

C. 12 degrees

A filament electron removes a K shell electron and an M shell electron fills the vacancy. The K shell binding energy is 69.5 keV and the M shell binding energy is 2.8 keV. What is the energy of the K-characteristic photon produced? A. 2.8 keV B. 69.5 keV C. 66.7 keV D. 57.4 keV

C. 66.7 keV

For a tungsten target, the discrete line on the x-ray emission spectrum is approximately: A. 59 keV B. 79 keV C. 69 keV D. 89 keV

C. 69 keV

If a filament electron leaves the tungsten atom with 15 keV of energy and the brems photon produced was 65 keV, how much energy did the incoming filament electron have? A. 15 keV B. 50 keV C. 80 keV D. 65 keV

C. 80 keV

The idea that electricity flowing through a conductor produces a magnetic field was identified by: A. Faraday B. Roentgen C. Oersted D. Tesla

C. Oersted

Which of the following devices can increase or decrease voltage by a set amount? A. Battery B. Capacitor C. Transformer D. A and C

C. Transformer

When a filament electron knocks out a K shell electron from the tungsten atom, it leads to A. a brems x-ray photon B. a 39.5 keV energy x-ray photon C. a characteristic x-ray photon D. none of the above

C. a characteristic x-ray photon

The positive end of the x-ray tube is the A. filament B. cathode C. anode D. envelope

C. anode

AEC stands for A. applied exposure control B. automatic exposure centering C. automatic exposure control D. automatic x-ray control

C. automatic exposure control

Changing from a high-frequency generator to a single-phase generator results in the x-ray emission spectrum: A. changing along the x-axis B. changing along the y-axis C. both of the above D. none of the above

C. both of the above

Which of the following occurs first in the sequence of events leading to x-ray production? A. electrons flow from cathode to anode B. voltage is stepped down and amperage increases C. current is adjusted at the rheostat D. electron cloud is produced

C. current is adjusted at the rheostat

The rheostat is found on the A. primary circuit B. secondary circuit C. filament circuit D. none of the above

C. filament circuit

a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy A. motor B. electromagnet C. generator D. transformer

C. generator

When there is movement of some of the electrons of an uncharged metallic object as it is brought into the electric field of a charged object, this is electrification by A. contact B. friction C. induction D. A and B

C. induction

The focusing cup is able to keep the electrons together because A. like charges attract B. opposite charges attract C. like charges repel D. opposite charges repel

C. like charges repel

The lines of force in space associated with a magnet are called A. domains B. lines of field C. lines of flux D. dipoles

C. lines of flux

Reducing the number of coils in the wire will result in A. no effect on electromagnetic induction B. increased electromagnetic induction C. reduced electromagnetic induction

C. reduced electromagnetic induction

The focusing cup is part of the A. filament circuit B. primary circuit C. secondary circuit D. none of the above

C. secondary circuit

The cloud of electrons produced through thermionic emission is more accurately called a(n) A. electron charge B. space cloud C. space charge D. electron cloud

C. space charge

The timer that is based on a motor is the A. electronic timer B. digital timer C. synchronous timer D. mAs timer

C. synchronous timer

Excessive heat may be transferred to the rotor bearings, resulting in A. the anode rotating faster than it should B. the anode rotating slower than it should C. the anode rotating unevenly D. all of the above

C. the anode rotating unevenly

Heat from x-ray production is removed through radiation by the heat traveling from: A. the tube into the room by cooling fans B. the tube to heat-tolerant materials C. the tube to the oil bath in the protective housing D. none of the above

C. the tube to the oil bath in the protective housing

The induction motor turns the rotor of a general purpose x-ray tube ___________ revolutions per minute. A. 1400 B. 10,000 C. 6000 D. 3400

D. 3400

Which of the following results in the equivalent of doubling the mAs if the original kVP is 80? A. 120 kVp B. 85 kVp C. 160 kVp D. 92 kVp

D. 92 kVp

Cooling charts are available for the: A. tube housing B. anode C. cathode D. A and B E. A and C

D. A and B

The anode includes the A. target B. induction motor C. envelope D. A and B E. B and C

D. A and B

The x-ray emission spectrum is a graphic illustration of A. characteristic radiation B. bremsstrahlung radiation C. remnant radiation D. A and B E. B and C

D. A and B

To produce a radiographic image, it is necessary that A. some photons penetrate the body B. some photons do not penetrate the body C. all photons penetrate the body D. A and B

D. A and B

To keep the electrons together, the focusing cup A. has a negative charge B. has a positive charge C. physically surrounds the electron cloud D. A and C E. B and C

D. A and C

Which of the following practices extend tube life? A. warm up the tube as appropriate B. press the prep and exposure switches at almost the same time C. avoid using very high exposures or long exposure times D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Ohm's law can be written as A. R = IR B. R - I/V C. I = R/V D. I = V/R

D. I = V/R

Self-induction is based on the concepts introduced in A. Faraday's law B. Oersted's law C. Ohm's law D. Lenz's law

D. Lenz's law

Half-wave rectification A. suppresses half of the AC cycle B. uses two rectifiers C. is seldom used in modern x-ray equipment D. all of the above

D. all of the above

The cathode A. includes a focusing cup B. provides electrons for x-ray production C. includes filaments D. all of the above

D. all of the above

The energy of the brems photon depends on A. the original energy of the filament electron B. the strength of the attraction between the electron and the nucleus C. the energy of the filament electron as it leaves the tungsten atom D. all of the above

D. all of the above

A battery produces A. current that changes direction B. indirect current C. alternating current D. direct current

D. direct current

The tube rating chart plots mA, kVp, and A. amperage B. resistance C. voltage D. exposure time

D. exposure time

The least amount of ripple is the result of: A. full-wave rectification B. three-phase power C. half-wave rectification D. high-frequency generators

D. high-frequency generators

The advantage to using a larger actual focal spot is A. there is less wear and tear on the tube B. the image is sharper C. the image is less sharp D. higher exposure can be used

D. higher exposure can be used

Molybdenum: A. is an excellent conductor of electricity B. is a poor conductor of electricity C. is an excellent thermal conductor D. is a poor thermal conductor

D. is a poor thermal conductor

A transformer with 100 turns on the primary side and 50 turns on the secondary A. is a transformer that works on self-induction B. will have 100 times the current on the secondary side C. is a step up transformer D. is a step down transformer

D. is a step down transformer

Which of the following is the primary factor controlling quantity? A. filtration B. distance C. kVp D. mAs

D. mAs

Wood and plastic are considered A. paramagnetic B. diamagnetic C. ferromagnetic D. nonmagnetic

D. nonmagnetic

If the distance from the source is doubled, the quantity of radiation reaching a specific area is ________ the original. A. half B. double C. quadruple D. one fourth

D. one fourth

The devices that change alternating to direct current are the A. filaments B. rheostats C. transformers D. rectifiers

D. rectifiers

One of the laws of electrostatics is that like charges ________ and unlike charges ___________. A. repel; repel B. attract; attract C. attract; repel D. repel; attract

D. repel; attract

The property of a circuit that impeded the flow of electrons is A. electric potential B. electrostatics C. electric current D. resistance

D. resistance

Assuming all other factors are accurately adjusted, the exposure time with AEC is based on A. the age of the patient B. the procedure being done C. the desired quality of the image D. the anatomy places over the ionization chamber

D. the anatomy places over the ionization chamber

If a filament electron enters the tungsten atom with 80 keV of energy and leaves the atom with 75 keV of energy: A. the filament electron traveled very close to the nucleus B. the brems photon will be 75 keV C. the brems photon will be 80 keV D. the filament electron traveled very far from the nucleus

D. the filament electron traveled very far from the nucleus

"Sun-tanning" in glass envelopes is caused by A. the color the tube gets as it loses its resistance to heat over time B. oil leaking out of the protective housing C. the breaking of the glass envelope into small pieces of glass D. the vaporized tungsten from filament deposits that coats the inside of the glass

D. the vaporized tungsten from filament deposits that coats the inside of the glass

With a rotating anode, the focal spot becomes a focal A. stripe B. circle C. path D. track

D. track

The remnant radiation that did not interact with any anatomic structures is A. scattered radiation B. primary radiation C. secondary radiation D. transmitted radiation

D. transmitted radiation

Prior to the introduction of protective circuits, _______ were used to determine if a particular combination of exposure factors was safe or unsafe for a given x-ray tube. A. QC charts B. tube cooling charts C. technique charts D. tube rating charts

D. tube rating charts

The filament is primarily made of A. copper B. rhenium C. molybdenum D. tungsten

D. tungsten

Which of the following occurs first during x-ray production? A. alternating current is changed to direct current B. kilovoltage is applied to anode and cathode C. voltage is transformed to kilovoltage D. voltage level is adjusted at autotransformer

D. voltage level is adjusted at autotransformer

To get electrons to flow along a conductor, there must be A. an excess of negative charges at one end of the wire B. an excess of negative charges at both ends of the wire C. an excess of positive charges at one end of the wire D. an excess of positive charges at both ends of the wire E. A and C

E. A and C

The cathode includes the A. envelope B. filaments C. focusing cup D. A and B E. B and C

E. B and C

X-rays are produced by A. A and C B. bremsstrahlung interactions C. B and C D. characteristic interactions E. uncharacteristic interactions

brem and characteristic interactions