Ch. 1

Which of the following statements is true of William James's contribution to psychology? a. He argued that the stream of consciousness was fluid and continuous. b. He theorized that experience can be broken down into objective sensations and subjective feelings. c. He pointed out that people were social creatures who influenced one another. d. He believed that organisms learn to behave only through reinforcement.

a. He argued that the stream of consciousness was fluid and continuous.

A(n) _____ primarily focuses on the relationships between people and work. Select one: a. industrial psychologist b. human factors psychologist c. forensic psychologist d. consumer psychologist

a. industrial psychologist

__________ is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Select one: a. Physiology b. Psychology c. Sociology d. Ecology

b. Psychology

Which of the following is a goal of psychology? Select one: a. To establish behavioral and moral standards. b. To explain behavior and mental processes. c. To change social norms. d. To ultimately control human behavior.

b. To explain behavior and mental processes.

Which of the following is a principle of critical thinking? a. Avoid being skeptical. b. Choose critical thinking over research ethics if required. c. Oversimplify problems if necessary. d. Insist on evidence.

d. Insist on evidence.

Functionalism was influenced by Darwin's theory of evolution which: Select one: a. accepted the belief of random mutations. b. considered humans as another form of animal. c. believed adaptive behavior patterns are learned and maintained. d. stated it takes thousands of years for species to evolve.

c. believed adaptive behavior patterns are learned and maintained.

During 500-1517 BC, the Catholic Church reigned supreme, but the priests allowed common, 'everyday' people to study the human mind/experience. T/F

F

Ivan Pavlov is famous for his studies of behavior in rats and children. Select one: True False

False

Psychology is a Greek word that essentially means "the study of the mind." T/F

T

According to Empiricism, knowledge is only gained through 1) observation and 2) experimentation. Select one: True False

True

As opposed to a dependent variable, an independent variable is manipulated by the experimenters so that its effects may be determined. Select one: True False

True

Psychology seeks to describe, explain, predict, and control behavior and mental processes. Select one: True False

True

According to the video, a case study is the in-depth study of a single individual and it ________ be replicated. Select one: a. Cannot b. Can c. Might d. Should

a. Cannot

B. F. Skinner proposed Select one: a. the theory of psychoanalysis. b. that organisms learn to behave in certain ways because their behavior has a positive outcome. c. that organisms behave in certain ways because of inherited traits and not acquired traits. d. the basic theories of functionalism.

b. that organisms learn to behave in certain ways because their behavior has a positive outcome.

When you are training a pet, you are most likely relying on which of the following psychological perspectives? a. Functionalist b. Cognitive c. Behaviorist d. Biological

c. behaviorist