Ch. 1 Questions
This argument form known as modus tollens is valid.
true
When we arrive at a generalization about an entire group of things after observing just some members of the group, we are making a(n) ___
enumerative induction
When you read a philosophical essay, you are simply trying to glean some facts from it as you might if you were reading a science text or technical report.
false
Arguments that are supposed to give probable support to their conclusions are ____
inductive
The study of reality in the broadest sense, an inquiry into the elemental nature of the universe and the things in it, is known as ____
metaphysics
The fallacy of misrepresenting a person's views so they can be more easily attacked or dismissed is called the _____.
straw man fallacy
For Socrates, an unexamined life is a tragedy because it results in grievous harm to _____
the soul
The systematic use of critical reasoning to try to find answers to fundamental questions about reality, morality, and knowledge is called ____
the philosophical method
An argument of this form — If p, then q; not p; therefore, not q — is called modus tollens.
False
A(n) _____ is an assertion that something is or is not the case and is therefore the kind of utterance that is either true or false.
statement
The fallacy of arguing that a claim must be true simply because many people believe it is known as _
the appeal to popularity
Affirming the consequent is a valid argument form.
False
A group of statements in which one of them is meant to be supported by the others is ____
Argument
_____ is the study of value, including both aesthetic value and moral value.
Axiology
In the type of fallacy known as _____, we argue that a particular actions should not be taken because it will lead inevitably to other actions resulting in some dire outcome.
slippery slope
In philosophy — and in any other kind of rational inquiry — accepting a conclusion (statement) without good reasons is an elementary mistake in reasoning.
true
Modus tollens is a valid argument form.
true
An argument of this form — If p, then q; p; therefore, q — is called modus ponens.
True
The key to identifying an argument in context is to first identify the conclusion, then look for the premises.
True
This classic argument "The Bible says that God exists; the Bible is true because God wrote it; therefore, God exists" is an example of begging the question.
True
The fallacy of rejecting a statement on the grounds that it comes from a particular person is known as
appeal to the person
Words such as consequently, therefore, and as a result are _____
conclusion indicator words
Arguments intended to give logically conclusive support to their conclusions so that if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true are ___
deductive
Questions like "What is knowledge?" and "What is truth?" are mainstays in the branch of philosophy known as _____
epistemology
For Socrates, the soul is harmed by lack of ___
knowledge
The four main divisions of philosophy are metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, and _____
logic
The study of correct reasoning is called __
logic
In an argument, the statement being supported is the conclusion, and the statements supporting the conclusion are the _____
premises
An argument is not synonymous with persuasion.
true