Ch. 1 Questions

This argument form known as modus tollens is valid.

true

When we arrive at a generalization about an entire group of things after observing just some members of the group, we are making a(n) ___

enumerative induction

When you read a philosophical essay, you are simply trying to glean some facts from it as you might if you were reading a science text or technical report.

false

Arguments that are supposed to give probable support to their conclusions are ____

inductive

The study of reality in the broadest sense, an inquiry into the elemental nature of the universe and the things in it, is known as ____

metaphysics

The fallacy of misrepresenting a person's views so they can be more easily attacked or dismissed is called the _____.

straw man fallacy

For Socrates, an unexamined life is a tragedy because it results in grievous harm to _____

the soul

The systematic use of critical reasoning to try to find answers to fundamental questions about reality, morality, and knowledge is called ____

the philosophical method

An argument of this form — If p, then q; not p; therefore, not q — is called modus tollens.

False

A(n) _____ is an assertion that something is or is not the case and is therefore the kind of utterance that is either true or false.

statement

The fallacy of arguing that a claim must be true simply because many people believe it is known as _

the appeal to popularity

Affirming the consequent is a valid argument form.

False

A group of statements in which one of them is meant to be supported by the others is ____

Argument

_____ is the study of value, including both aesthetic value and moral value.

Axiology

In the type of fallacy known as _____, we argue that a particular actions should not be taken because it will lead inevitably to other actions resulting in some dire outcome.

slippery slope

In philosophy — and in any other kind of rational inquiry — accepting a conclusion (statement) without good reasons is an elementary mistake in reasoning.

true

Modus tollens is a valid argument form.

true

An argument of this form — If p, then q; p; therefore, q — is called modus ponens.

True

The key to identifying an argument in context is to first identify the conclusion, then look for the premises.

True

This classic argument "The Bible says that God exists; the Bible is true because God wrote it; therefore, God exists" is an example of begging the question.

True

The fallacy of rejecting a statement on the grounds that it comes from a particular person is known as

appeal to the person

Words such as consequently, therefore, and as a result are _____

conclusion indicator words

Arguments intended to give logically conclusive support to their conclusions so that if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true are ___

deductive

Questions like "What is knowledge?" and "What is truth?" are mainstays in the branch of philosophy known as _____

epistemology

For Socrates, the soul is harmed by lack of ___

knowledge

The four main divisions of philosophy are metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, and _____

logic

The study of correct reasoning is called __

logic

In an argument, the statement being supported is the conclusion, and the statements supporting the conclusion are the _____

premises

An argument is not synonymous with persuasion.

true