Ch. 1 Summary

Lower-level managers

handle the day-to-day operations of the organization, making routine decisions such as assigning tasks to employees and placing purchase orders.

Industrial Robot:

is an automated, programmable machine used in manufacturing operations.

Discuss ways in which information technology can affect managers and nonmanagerial workers. Potential IT impacts on nonmanagerial workers: 3) IT can cause:

job stress and physical problems, such as repetitive stress injury

List positive and negative societal effects of the increased use of information technology. Positive societal effects: 1) IT can provide:

opportunities for people with disabilities.

Executive Dashboards are

tailored to the information needs of executives

Example of Expert Systems (ES)

Navigation systems: navigation systems use rules to select routes, but we do not typically think of these systems as expert systems.

Expert Systems (ES) have

have become valuable in many application areas, primarily but not exclusively areas involving decision making.

Clerical workers, who support managers at all levels of the organization

include bookkeepers, secretaries, electronic file clerks, and insurance claim processors.

The benefits of being an informed user of IT include the following: 2) you will be able to provide:

input into your organization's IT applications, thus improving the quality of those applications

Examples of executive decisions are

introducing a new product line, acquiring other businesses, and relocating operations to a foreign country.

An autonomous, or self-driving, car (essentially a robot car)

is a vehicle that is capable of sensing its environment and moving safely to its destination with little or no human input.

executives

make decisions that deal with situations that can significantly change the manner in which business is conducted.

Middle managers

make tactical decisions, which deal with activities such as short-term planning, organizing, and control.

In manufacturing,

managers use IT to process customer orders, develop production schedules, control inventory levels, and monitor product quality. They also use IT to design and manufacture products. These processes are called computer-assisted design (CAD) and computer-assisted manufacturing (CAM).

Discuss ways in which information technology can affect managers and nonmanagerial workers. Potential IT impacts on managers: 2) IT will provide:

managers with real-time or near real-time information, meaning that managers will have less time to make decisions.

List positive and negative societal effects of the increased use of information technology. Negative societal effects: IT can potentially

misinform patients about their health problems

data items can be:

numbers, letters, figures, sounds, and images. Examples of data items are collections of numbers (e.g., 3.11, 2.96, 3.95, 1.99, 2.08) and characters (e.g., B, A, C, A, B, D, F, C).

Applications (examples) for cobots include:

providing information in public spaces, transporting materials and products within a building, inspection of goods, patrolling perimeters, securing facilities, and many others

Dashboards provide

rapid access to timely information and direct access to structured information in the form of reports.

Discuss ways in which information technology can affect managers and nonmanagerial workers. Potential IT impacts on managers: 1) IT may:

reduce the number of middle manager

Functional area information systems

summarize data and prepare reports, primarily for middle managers, but sometimes for lower-level managers as well. Because these reports typically concern a specific functional area, report generators (RPGs) are an important type of functional area IS.

Describe the various types of computer-based information systems in an organization: Functional area information systems (FAISs)

support a particular functional area within the organization

Describe the various types of computer-based information systems in an organization: Interorganizational information systems (IOSs)

support many interorganizational operations, of which supply chain management is the best known.

Describe the various types of computer-based information systems in an organization: Transaction processing systems (TPS)

support the monitoring, collection, storage, and processing of data from the organization's basic business transactions, each of which generates data.

Describe the various types of computer-based information systems in an organization: Enterprise resource planning (ERP)

systems correct a lack of communication among the FAISs by tightly integrating the functional area ISs via a common database.

Describe the various types of computer-based information systems in an organization: Electronic commerce (e-commerce)

systems enable organizations to conduct transactions with other organizations (called business-to-business (B2B) electronic commerce), and with customers (called business-to-consumer (B2C) electronic commerce).

Describe the various types of computer-based information systems in an organization: Business intelligence (BI)

systems provide computer-based support for complex, nonroutine decisions, primarily for middle managers and knowledge workers.

Discuss ways in which information technology can affect managers and nonmanagerial workers. Potential IT impacts on managers: IT will increase:

the likelihood that managers will have to supervise geographically dispersed employees and teams.

The benefits of being an informed user of IT include the following: 5) you will understand:

the potential impacts that "new and improved" technologies will have on your organization. Consequently, you will be qualified to make recommendations concerning their adoption and use.

Managers in human resources use IT

to manage the recruiting process, analyze and screen job applicants, and hire new employees. They also employ IT to help employees manage their careers, to administer performance tests to employees, and to monitor employee productivity. Finally, they rely on IT to manage compensation and benefits packages.

The benefits of being an informed user of IT include the following: 3) you will quickly be in a position:

to recommend or to participate in the selection of IT applications that your organization will use

The benefits of being an informed user of IT include the following: 7) you will be in a position:

to use IT if you decide to start your own business.

Applications (Examples) of Industrial robots include:

welding, painting, assembly, disassembly, packaging and labeling, palletizing, and many others

List positive and negative societal effects of the increased use of information technology. Positive societal effects: 3) Robots

will take over mundane chores

List positive and negative societal effects of the increased use of information technology. Positive societal effects: 2) IT can provide people:

with flexibility in their work (ex: work from anywhere, anytime)

The benefits of being an informed user of IT include the following: 4) you will be able to keep up:

with rapid developments in existing information technologies, as well s the introduction of new technologies

The benefits of being an informed user of IT include the following: 1) you will benefit more from your organization's IT applications because:

you will understand what is "behind" those applications

Difference between industrial robots and cobots

Cobots are designed to work alongside human employees, while industrial robots perform work in place of those employees. Industrial robots are designed for heavy manufacturing, while cobots are designed for light manufacturing. Cobots are also more easily programmable than industrial robots because they are capable of "learning" on the job.

Example of information:

For example, a grade point average (GPA) by itself is data, but a student's name coupled with his or her GPA is information. The recipient interprets the meaning and draws conclusions and implications from the information.

Example of knowledge:

For example, suppose that a company recruiting at your school has found over time that students with grade point averages over 3.0 have experienced the greatest success in its management program. Based on this accumulated knowledge, that company may decide to interview only those students with GPAs over 3.0. This is an example of knowledge because the company utilizes information—GPAs—to address a business problem—hiring successful employees. Reflects the experience and expertise of many people

A drone is

A drone is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (a flying robot, if you will) that either is controlled by pilots from the ground or autonomously follows a preprogrammed mission

Business Analytics (BA) Systems -- Business Intelligence (BI) systems are typically used with

a data warehouse, and they enable users to perform their own data analysis.

The benefits of being an informed user of IT include the following: 6) you will play:

a key role in managing the information systems in your organization.

Industrial robots are

are designed for heavy manufacturing. Industrial robots require safety cages to keep humans out of the workspace, while cobots are safe enough to function around people and do not require the same type of safety infrastructure that industrial robots require.

Cobots are designed

are designed to work alongside human employees, and can assist employees with work that may be too dangerous, strenuous, or tedious for them to accomplish on their own. This assistance can create a safer, more efficient workplace without eliminating factory jobs.

Collaborative Robots -- Cobots (have become more common)

are machines designed to be used in collaborative applications where there are interactions with humans within a shared space.

Describe the various types of computer-based information systems in an organization: Expert systems (ESs)

attempt to duplicate the work of human experts by applying reasoning capabilities, knowledge, and expertise within a specific domain.

Expert Systems (ES) can

can operate as stand-alone systems or be embedded in other applications.

List positive and negative societal effects of the increased use of information technology. Negative societal effects: IT can cause

cause health problems for individuals

Knowledge workers

create information and knowledge, which they integrate into the business. Knowledge workers, in turn, act as advisors to middle managers and executives.

Discuss ways in which information technology can affect managers and nonmanagerial workers. Potential IT impacts on nonmanagerial workers: 1) IT may:

eliminate jobs

List positive and negative societal effects of the increased use of information technology. Negative societal effects: IT can place

employees on constant call

Discuss ways in which information technology can affect managers and nonmanagerial workers. Potential IT impacts on nonmanagerial workers: 2) IT may cause

employees to experience a loss of identity

List positive and negative societal effects of the increased use of information technology. Positive societal effects: 4) IT will

enable improvements in health care

Knowledge workers are

experts in a particular subject area.