Ch 1: The Sciences of Anatomy and Physiology BIO 67A

Rank the following terms from simplest to most complex. Most SIMPLE structure first: macromolecules, cells, molecules, organelles, atoms

1. Atoms 2. Molecules 3. Macromolecules 4. Organelles 5. Cells

Surface Anatomy

A focus on the internal body structures that relate to the skin covering them.

Systemic Anatomy

A study of each body system.

Embryology

A study of the developmental changes occuring from conception to birth.

Comparative Anatomy

An examination of the differences in the anatomy of different species.

Regional Anatomy

An examination of the structures in a particular region.

______ examine the relationships among parts of the body as well as the structure of individual organs.

Anatomists

Anatomy or Physiology? Observation: Describes the muscle layers in the wall of the small intestine

Anatomy

Which term describes the relationship of the stomach to the spinal cord?

Anterior

_____ are the smallest units of matter having the chemical properties of the element.

Atoms

________ is the anatomic directional term that means "on the inside" or "underneath another structure."

Deep

_______ anatomy is also called macroscopic anatomy.

Gross

The correct anatomical term for kneecap is___________.

Patellar

___________ examines anatomic changes resulting from disease?

Pathologic anatomy

________ is the best described as investigating the relationship between the functioning of an organ system and disease or injury if that organ system.

Pathophysiology

________ study the function of body parts.

Physiologists

___________ examines the function of various organ systems.

Physiologists

integumentary system

Provides protection, regulates temperature, prevents water loss

_________ may explore all of the body structures in the anterior neck.

Regional anatomy

The anatomical term for the calf is ______.

Sural

_________ is an accurate description of the anatomic position

The eyes look forward, and the head is level.

Which plane can pass in between the chest (thorax) and the abdomen?

Transverse

True or False: Anatomists and physiologists use the scientific method to explain and understand the workings of the body.

True

True or False: As the human body grows in size, structures such as the brain become more complex.

True

On the anterior surface of the body, the anatomical term for the region inferior to the thorax and superior to the hip bones is the _____________ region.

abdominal

The anatomical term for the medical aspect of the forearm is ____________.

antebrachial (ulnar)

The __________ region of the body includes the head, neck and trunk.

axial

The correct anatomical term for armpit is ____________.

axillary

The anatomical term for cheek is ____________.

buccal

Sternal is to sternum as pectoral is to _____.

chest

The components associated with the homeostatic system are

control center, receptor, effector

nervous system

controls body movement and conducts impulses for internal communication

The visceral pleura ___________.

covers the external surface of the lungs.

The anatomical term for hip is _______.

coxal

The anatomical for hip is _______ while the anatomical term for wrist is ________. a. sacral; manus b. inguinal; tarsal c. gluteal; palmar d. coxal; carpal

d. coxal; carpal

The anatomical term for the lateral aspect of the lower leg is ________.

fibular

The anatomical term for forehead is ________.

frontal

The anatomical term for buttock is

gluteal

Lumbar is to lower back as manus is to _____.

hand

The correct anatomic directional term meaning "toward the midline of the body is ________.

medial

The sum of all chemical reactions that occur within the body is called_______.

metabolism

A plane that passes through the body at an angle is called a(n) _______.

oblique plane

The anatomical term for mouth is _________ cavity

oral

The serous membrane forming the outermost layer of the sac that surrounds the heart is the _____________.

parietal pericardium

In the balloon analogy, the two linings of serous membranes are the _________ (A) layer of the serous membrane (represented by the outer balloon wall) and the __________(B) layer of the serous membrane (represented by the inner balloon wall.

parietal, visceral

A serous membrane of the abdominal cavity is called the ________.

peritoneum

Calcaneal is to heel as _________ is to sole of the foot

plantar

The anatomical term for the areas posterior to the knee is__________.

popliteal

In regards to the axial region, the ______ aspect contains cavities that are completely encased in bone.

posterior

In terms of anatomic directional terms, the HEART is considered ______ to the sternum.

posterior

skeletal system

provides support and protection, site of hemopoiesis (blood cell production)

Negative feedback mechanisms work by maintaining the variable within a normal level or what is called a ___ point.

set

The correct anatomic directional term for "closer to the head" is ________.

superior

The anatomical term for ankle or the root of the foot is _____________.

tarsal

Organs of the cranial cavity include ______.

the brain only

The heart and lungs are organs in the _________ cavity.

thoracic

The cavity indicated by the arrow is the __________.

thoracic cavity

The word anatomy is derived from the Greek word anatome, which means:

to dissect; to cut apart

True or False: Most processes in the body are controlled by negative feedback.

true

The anatomical term for navel is _______.

umbilical

The _________ is the central point when the abdomen is divided into four quadrants.

umbilicus

The ________ canal contains the spinal cord.

vertebral

Serous membranes form two layers: a _________ layer and a parietal layer.

visceral

The _________ pericardium forms the heart's external surface.

visceral

The ________ covers the surfaces of most digestive organs.

visceral peritoneum

Match the word on the left with the description on the right on how body temperature stimulates a negative feedback mechanism when body temperature rises above normal. stimulus -> receptors -> control center-> effectors-> homeostasis-.

-> vigorous exercise raises body temperature -> organs in the skin detect heat -> hypothalamus of brain sets body temperature -> blood vessels dilate, sweat glands secrete sweat -> body temperature returns to normal

_________ is the scientific discipline that studies the relationship among parts of the body as well as the structure of individual organs; whereas, ___________ is the discipline in which the function of body structures is the focus.

Anatomy; Physiology

True or False: Because the end result of a positive feedback mechanism is to increase the activity, positive feedback mechanisms are much more common than negative feedback mechanisms.

False

________, one of the important characteristics of living things, involves mechanisms within an organism that maintain a consistent internal environment, also called a "steady state."

Homeostasis

Which are examples of a positive feedback loop? a. blood pressure b. childbirth c. breast feeding d. blood clotting e. body temperature

b,c,d

In a homeostatic control mechanism, the ______ ________ is the structure that interprets input from the receptor and initiates changes through the effector.

control center

The _________ plane would divide the chest from the back?

coronal

Cranial is to skull as auricular is to _______.

ear

Vertebral is to spinal column as olecranal is to __________.

elbow

Which of the following body structures can serve as effectors?

insulin secreting cells of pancreas; smooth muscles of bronchioles

Muscular System

produces body movement, generates heat

Cephalic is to head as deltoid is to ________

shoulder

True or false: Although there is only one midsagittal plane, an infinite number of sagittal planes are possible.

true

___________ refers to the body's ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment in response to changing internal or external conditions

Homeostasis

Anatomy or Physiology? Observation: Describes the mechanisms by which different nutrients are broken down

Physiology

The correct anatomic directional term for "in front of" is

anterior

Which are examples of negative feedback regulation? a. A baby sucking at the breast b. Regulating heart rate c. Withdrawal reflex from stepping on glass d. Regulating blood pressure

b,c,d

Which of the following are characteristics of all living things? a. Breathing of gasses b. Reproduction c. Regulation of internal functions d. Responsiveness to stimuli

b,c,d

The ___________ plane would divide the head into a left half and the right half (each containing one eye, one ear and half of the nose and mouth).

midsagittal

The component of homeostasis, called the _______, is the sensory nerve body structure that detects changes in a variable, which is either the substance or process that is regulated.

receptor

Histology refers to ______.

the study of tissues