Ch. 10

Expecting employees to work long hours in December at retailer.

Adaptive change

Least threatening change

Adaptive change

Technology

Any machine or process that enables an org to gain a competitive advantage in changing materials used to produce a finished product.

Human capital & innovation

Certain employee characteristics, such as intrinsic motivation & creativity, are positively associated w/ innovation.

2 factors that contribute to resistance to change

Change agent characteristics & employee characteristics

Your manager ensures you the change won't alter your salary, but you worry he'll only look out for himself

Climate of mistrust

4 Levers of targeting elements are used to

Diagnose problems

Diego has been hired as a consultant.

Diagnostic framework.

5 Close members of a department are reassigned & are no longer part of the same work group.

Disruption of cultural traditions or group relationships

Demographic characteristic that is a force for change outside the org

Education

Internal force for change

Employee problems (NOT: Demo characteristics, market changes, tech advancements)

2 Practices managers can use during "refreezing"

Encourage employees to exhibit the new change. Reinforce desired change.

7 Methods of fostering innovation include:

Establish the required structure & processes. Institute necessary HR policies, practices, & procedures. Create an innovation strategy. Get commitment from top managers

Rewards & innovation goals

Extrinsic reward receipt needs to be tied to creativity & innovation. Reward systems should be aligned w/ innovation goals.

B corporations are ones whose stocks are NOT listed on NASDAQ or as part of the Dow Jones Industrial Average.

False

Offshore suppliers have resulted in labor savings for cos, but they have only hurt US jobs

False

New procedures are vastly different from old ones, & you aren't sure you can learn them.

Fear of failure.

Common reasons employees resist change

Fear of the unknown. Loss of status or job security. Peer pressure.

Matthias wants to change the reward system

How any change he made would have an impact across the entire org.

First step in force-field analysis

IDing the thrusters & counterthrusters

Radically innovative

Implementing a practice that is completely new to an entire industry, not just one org

You immediately resist an org change because you have a deep fear of change

Individuals' predisposition toward change

Changing employee schedules to include weekends

Innovative change

"Why do we need to change?"

Input

Alignment w/ the org's mission, vision, & strategic plan are key

Input

Readiness for change is key

Input

The org implements massive structural changes w/ no explanation.

Lack of tact or poor timing

Offshore supplier impacts

Loss of some US jobs; enabled some US jobs to become more productive.

You worry that recent tech changes may eliminate the need for your managerial position.

Loss of status or job security

Org development can be used to

Managed conflict w/in an org.

Demand for organic foods has increased dramatically as Americans become aware of the effects of pesticides & other harmful chemicals in food.

Market changes

All employees now must work 2 extra hours per week w/ no additional pay

Nonreinforcing reward systems

"What results do we want from the change?"

Output

May occur at org, group, or individual level (or all 3)

Output

Your work colleague is upset about a change to the department, therefore you must resist the change, too.

Peer pressure

4 Elements of Change

People, Social factors, Org arrangements, Methods

A notoriously unlikeable manager delivers the news of a change

Personality conflicts

Gabriel told his staff they should repackage the existing products & promote to pro basketball teams.

Process innovation

Posting all assignments & other class materials to a learning management course website instead of creating a packet or printed materials for students to purchase each term.

Process innovation

Adaptive change example:

Reintroduction of a practice familiar to the org

B-corporations are an example of one way ___ have begun to be more active in pressing for org change.

Shareholders

Intervention NOT recommended for use

Single interventions

Org development

Successful org development usually involves multiple interventions

Your boss suddenly & w/out warning announces her resignation & replacement

Surprise & fear of the unknown

Important to remember that changes in 1 element will ripple across the entire org

Target element of change

Included here are people, org arrangements, methods, & social factors

Target element of change

People are ultimately affected, regardless of what the change is

Target element of change

4 levers that managers may use to diagnose problems

Target elements of change

Manufacturing automation & office automation are examples of ___ that are forces for change outside the org.

Tech advancements

What are supertrends that are currently affecting the future of business?

The way we work is being impacted by offshore suppliers & competitive advantage is coming increasingly from knowledge, not info.

Pressure exerted by internal forces for change may be subtle or very dramatic

True

Procter & Gamble modified a liquid detergent to make it available as concentrated powder in a pouch. Improvement innovation.

True

An example of innovative change is a department store deciding to adopt a new practice used by competitors by staying open 24 hours a day & requiring employees to work flexible schedules, a change that employees are likely to see as moderately threatening.

True.

Lewin model stages

Unfreezing, Changing, Refreezing

Disruptive innovation

a process by which a product or service takes root initially in simple applications at the bottom of a market and then relentlessly moves up market, eventually displacing established competitors

Manager does NOT have control over

change agents

The intro of the DVD-by-mail business model by Netflix changed the video rental business & caused the demise of Blockbuster. This is...

disruptive innovation

People's reaction to change depends largely on

how they were taught to handle change as children

Innovative change

intro of a practice that is new to the organization & involves moderate complexity & cost

Employees are more likely to resist change if

it is a surprise

Innovative change involves

moderate complexity, cost, & uncertainty

Most difficult to effect at the rog level

output

Walmart's implementation of RFID

proactive change

Managerial innovation that improves the efficiency of a co's cross-functional teams would be considered a(n)

process innovation

Adaptive change

reintroduction of a familiar practice

Innovation system

set of interdependent processes & structures that dictate how a co seeks out problems & solutions, synthesizes ideas into a business concept & product design, & chooses projects for funding

Increasing segmentation of the marketplace & the need to get products to market faster in light of competitors' specialized solutions are examples of

supertrends currently influencing the future of business.

Employees are introduced to new info, perspectives, & models of behavior during

the changing stage of Lewin's change model