CH 10 & CH 11 Vitamins

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Vitamin D deficiency

Dark skin, breastfeeding without supplementation, lack of sunlight, not drinking fortified milk; leads to rickets and osteomalcia and osteoporosis

Which of the following is a feature of vitamin E?​

Deficiencies occur from inability to absorb dietary lipids

Vitamin B12

Depends on folate for activation, regeneration of methionine, synthesis of DNA and RNA; deficiency common in elderly; found exclusively from animal products

Carotenoids

Derived from plants and some can be converted to vitamin A

Which of the following functions has a requirement for thiamin?​

Energy release from energy-yielding nutrients

Fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins differ in:

FS require bile for digestion and absorption, travel through lymphatic system, excess stored in liver and adipose tissue, not easily excreted

Vitamin E sources

Fresh foods such as vegetables oils, seeds and nuts

Vitamin K sources

Green vegetables (spinach, kale), green fruits (avocado, kiwi)

Vitamin C deficiency

Gums bleed easily around teeth, capillaries under skin break spontaneously, scurvy

B vitamins

Help body use macronutrients for fuel; ENERGY; coenzymes

Folate sources

Lentils, asparagus, pinto beans, tomato juice, broccoli

Niacin (B3) food sources

Liver, mushrooms, chicken breast, tuna, cornflakes

Vitamin K deficiency

Most common in newborn infants; sterile intestinal tract

Vitamin B12 replacement for vegan

Nutritional yeast

Vitamin D sources

Oily fish, egg yolk, fortified milk, SUNLIGHT

Niacin deficiency is associated with:

Pellagra

Which of the following is a good source of thiamin?

Pork chop, lean

Thiamin (B1) food source

Pork chop, tomato juice, soy milk, squash, cornflakes

Vitamin C roles

Prevention and treatment of common cold, disease prevention and treatment roles, stress increases need

Vitamin C food sources

Red bell pepper, kiwi, Brussels sprouts, strawberries, broccoli

3 forms of vitamins A

Retinol (alcohol form), retinal (aldehyde form), retinoic acid (acid form)

Riboflavin (B2)

Serves as coenzyme in energy metabolism; deficiency - inflammation of membranes

water soluble vitamins

Support mental and physical health

Vitamin A

Supports the overall health of the skin and eyes; aids in the health, function, and repair of skin cells; has been shown to improve the skin's elasticity and thickness.

Niacin (B3)

2 coenzyme forms- metabolic reactions; deficiency leads to pellagra

Vitamin D

Active form is a hormone that supports bone growth, enhances or suppresses gene activity, and protects against cognitive decline

Thiamin (B1)

Assists in energy metabolism; deficiency in malnourished and alcoholics

What is a chief function of the B vitamins?​

Coenzyme participation

Vitamin C cofactor

Cofactor in collagen formation

Folate

Converts B12 to coenzyme form, synthesizes DNA; deficient during pregnancy leads to neural tube defects in offspring (spina bifida)

Riboflavin food sources

Cornflakes, broccoli, milk, yogurt, egg, liver, mushrooms

Vitamin A sources

Beef liver, sweet potatoes, mango, broccoli

Vitamin E and K

Blood clotting

Vitamin K

Blood clotting and metabolism of bone proteins

Vitamin A toxicity

Bone defect, birth defect, no effect on acne; too much from animal sources, fortified foods, supplements; children most vulnerable

Vitamin A, D, and K

Bone growth and remodeling

Research has shown that the risk for neural tube defects is lowered by taking supplements of​

folate

Which of the following is the most reliable source of vitamin D in the diet?​

fortified milk

Which of the following food groups is a rich source of vitamin C?​

fruit group

What population group has the highest risk for vitamin K deficiency?

newborns

Vitamin A supplements are helpful in treating which of the following conditions?​

night blindness

Which of the following is a good source of vitamin B12 for a vegan?

nutritional yeast

Which of the following is not a good food source for vitamin A?

peanut butter

Which of the following is a characteristic of vitamin K nutrition?​

​Green vegetables like spinach and kale are good souces.

Retinal esters and beta-carotene

Vitamin A compounds in food

Retinol, retinal, retinoic acid

Vitamin A compounds in the body

The synthesis of collagen (connective tissue) requires____

Vitamin C

Vitamin E

antioxidant

What is vitamin K's major function in the body?​

blood clotting

​Which of the following may contribute to vitamin D deficiency?

breastfeeding without supplementation

Which of the following would be a very good source of vitamin C for the lacto-ovo-vegetarian?

broccoli

The main function of vitamin D is to promote​

calcium and phosphorus absorption, and calcium mobilization from bone.

Vitamin B12 food sources

Animal products, fish, milk

Vitamin E and A

Antioxidant, absorption, and storage

Which of the following people are most likely to have vitamin B12 deficiency?​

vegan and vegetarian

Bioavilability

Amount of vitamin absorbed and used by body

Which of the following vitamins is synthesized by intestinal bacteria?​

Vitamin K


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