CH 10: Assessment [exam 3]

An ankle sprain caused by inversion is a common injury that involves the stretching or tearing of one or more of the lateral tendons. True False

False

Dorsiflexion, the dorsal aspect of the foot moving toward the anterior tibia, occurs through eccentric contractions of the tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus and fibularis tertius. True False

False

During both walking and running there is a point where neither foot is touching the ground. True False

False

Each toe has three interphalangeal joints except for the great toe which has only two. True False

False

Immediately prior to and during normal toe-off the foot should be in pronation and the leg should be in external rotation. True False

False

Inversion occurs at the talocrural joint by turning the ankle and foot inward toward the midline of the body where the weight is on lateral edge of foot. True False

False

The anterior tibialis and peroneus longus muscles are antagonist to each other in all of their respective actions. True False

False

The cuboid bone is located medially and distally to the navicular bone. True False

False

The medial malleolus is an enlarged protrusion located on the distal fibula. True False

False

Both the tibialis posterior muscle and the flexor digitorum longus muscle are innervated by the tibial nerve (L5, S1). True False

True

Each toe has three phalanxes except for the great toe which has only two. True False

True

Heel-strike normally occurs by landing on the heel with the foot in supination and the leg in external rotation. True False

True

Motions of the toe metatarsophalangeal joints include flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction. True False

True

Severe injuries at the distal tibiofibular joint can involve the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament, interosseous ligament, and interosseous membrane. True False

True

The ankle and foot joints are composed of 26 bones in each foot if not considering the sesamoid and accessory bones. True False

True

The distal malleoli of the tibia and fibula serve as pulleys for the posterior tendons of the posterior tibialis and peroneus brevis to increase the mechanical advantage of these muscles in performing inversion and eversion actions, respectively. True False

True

The extensor hallucis longus muscle is a weak agonist to the flexor hallucis longus muscle for concentric actions about the sagittal axis. True False

True

The gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris muscles are innervated by the tibial nerve (S1, S2). True False

True

The medial longitudinal arch is primarily supported dynamically by the tibialis posterior and tibialis anterior muscles. True False

True

The only foot extrinsic muscle involved in extending all of the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of the four lesser toes is the extensor digitorum longus. True False

True

The soleus muscle can perform muscular actions only in the sagittal plane about a frontal axis. True False

True

The tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior muscles are agonistic to each other in their frontal plane movements but are antagonistic to each other in their sagittal plane movements. True False

True

Toe flexion is movement of toes at the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints toward plantar surface of the foot through concentric contractions of the flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus muscles. True False

True

When the flexor hallucis longus concentrically contracts which of the following actions result? a. All of the above b. Talocrural plantar flexion c. Transverse tarsal and subtalar inversion d. Great toe metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal flexion

a. All of the above

Which of the following is the correct order starting from the most posterior aspect of the distal lower leg/ankle and moving medially? a. Flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior b. Tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus c. Flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, tibialis posterior d. Tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus

a. Flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior

Which of the following muscles does not perform plantar flexion when contracting concentrically? a. Peroneus tertius b. Flexor hallucis longus c. Peroneus longus d. Peroneus brevis

a. Peroneus tertius

Which of the following muscles are not antagonist of each other in all of their concentric actions? a. Peroneus tertius, flexor digitorum longus b. Tibialis anterior, peroneus brevis c. Extensor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum longus d. Flexor hallucis longus, extensor hallucis longus

a. Peroneus tertius, flexor digitorum longus

Which of the following has the most potential for requiring emergency care? a. Shin splints b. Achilles tendon rupture c. Very painful calf cramps d. Compartment syndrome

b. Achilles tendon rupture

Which of the following muscles performs extension of the lesser toes when concentrically contracting? a. Tibialis anterior b. Extensor digitorum longus c. Peroneus tertius d. Extensor hallucis longus

b. Extensor digitorum longus

Which of the following muscles has its insertion on the base of the distal phalanx of each of the four lesser toes and causes movement posteriorly about the frontal plane when contracting concentrically? a. Extensor digitorum longus b. Flexor digitorum longus c. Extensor hallucis longus d. Flexor hallucis longus

b. Flexor digitorum longus

Which of the following muscles has its insertion on the posterior medial surface of the calcaneus? a. Plantaris b. Gastrocnemius c. Fibularis longus d. Soleus

b. Gastrocnemius

Which of the following muscles only performs plantar flexion when contracting concentically? a. Gastrocnemius b. Soleus c. Flexor digitorum longus d. Tibialis anterior

b. Soleus

Which of the following is not true regarding the tibiofibular joint? a. Joined at both the proximal and the distal tibiofibular joints b. The interosseous membrane is surround the tibia and fibula shafts to provide support c. Syndesmotic amphiarthrodial joint d. Minimal movement occurs at this joint

b. The interosseous membrane is surround the tibia and fibula shafts to provide support

Which of the following muscles are agonist to each other when performing eccentric actions in the frontal plane? a. Gastrocnemius, soleus b. Extensor digitorum longus, plantaris c. Peroneus longus, peroneus tertius d. Tibialis anterior, Fibularis brevis

c. Peroneus longus, peroneus tertius

Which of the following muscles are agonist in all of their concentric actions at the talocrural joint? a. Peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, peroneus tertius b. Flexor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus c. Posterior tibialis, flexor hallucis longus, peroneus longus d. Posterior tibialis, anterior tibialis, flexor hallucis longus

c. Posterior tibialis, flexor hallucis longus, peroneus longus

Which of the following insert on the base of the 5 th metatarsal? a. Peroneus longus, peroneus tertius b. Extensor digitorum longus, peroneus brevis c. Peroneus brevis, peroneus longus d. Peroneus brevis, peroneus tertius

d. Peroneus brevis, peroneus tertius

Which of the following muscles has their insertion on the medial cuneiform and first metatarsal? a. Peroneus brevis, tibialis posterior b. Flexor hallucis longus, tibialis anterior c. Peroneus longus, tibialis posterior d. Tibialis anterior, peroneus longus

d. Tibialis anterior, peroneus longus

Triceps surae refers to the _____. a. triceps fibularis b. the Tom, Dick & Harry muscles c. peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, peroneus tertius d. gastrocnemius and soleus

d. gastrocnemius and soleus

Proximal interphalangeal joint motion occurs in the ___ plane about the _____ axis. a. transverse, vertical b. longitudinal, frontal c. frontal, sagittal d. sagittal, frontal

d. sagittal, frontal

The "Tom, Dick, and Harry" phrase refers to the _____, respectively. a. tibialis posterior, extensor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus b. tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus c. tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus d. tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus

d. tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus