Ch. 10 Endocrine System

stimulates; elimination

Aldosterone, the principal mineralocorticoid, _________ the conservation of sodium ions and the _________ of potassium ions.

chemical messengers

All hormones are

insulin

Beta cells of the pancreas produce which hormone?

ovulation

Luteinizing hormone (LH) causes which of the following effects?

Amino acid derivatives

Melatonin and epinephrine are examples of which of the following hormone groups?

cortisol.

One adrenal hormone that affects glucose metabolism is

calcium

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) will increase blood levels of __________.

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Part complete A rise in the concentration of solutes in the blood or a fall in the blood volume will cause the release of __________.

epinephrine.

Part complete One hormone that is released from the adrenal medulla is

insulin

Part complete Which of the following is the pancreatic hormone that is released when blood glucose levels rise?

target cells

Peripheral structures sensitive to the presence of hormones are called ________.

hormones

The chemical messengers of the endocrine system are called ___________.

slow; days

The effects of hormones may be _________ to appear, and they often persist for __________.

negative feedback control mechanisms

The endocrine system is regulated primarily by ____________.

parathyroid hormone.

The hormone that causes the activation of osteoclasts is

the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus

The hypophyseal portal system is a network of blood vessels connecting __________.

glucocorticoids

The observed signs and symptoms may reflect either abnormal hormone or abnormal target cell sensitivity. Cushing's disease is caused by a hypersecretion of what hormones?

Calcium

The parathyroid (chief) cells of the parathyroid glands monitor the concentration of which of the following circulating ions?

FSH and LH

Two hormones referred to as gonadotropins are

hormones

What are chemical messengers that affect target cells?

interstitial cells

What cells produce androgens in the testes??

receptor

What is the name for the structure that is sensitive to changes in stimuli?

beta cells

What is the name of the pancreatic cells that produce insulin?

phospholipids

What kind of lipid consists of two hydrophobic fatty acids and a hydrophilic nonlipid head?

dehydration synthesis

What kind of reaction joins together two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide such as sucrose?

fall below; chief

When calcium ion concentrations _________ normal, the _________ cells of the parathyroid glands secrete PTH.

hypothalamus Submit

Where are the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary made?

Medulla

Which adrenal region produces epinephrine and norepinephrine?

Chief cells

Which cells produce PTH?

Prolactin

Which hormone of the anterior pituitary gland works with other hormones to stimulate mammary gland development?

aldosterone

Which is a mineralocorticoid hormone?

Mineralocorticoids

Which of the following adrenal hormones accelerate the urinary loss of potassium ions?

Aldosterone

Which of the following adrenal hormones is secreted in response to a drop in blood sodium content

Inhibition of osteoclasts

Which of the following events is a result of calcitonin secretion?

Luteinizing hormone

Which of the following hormones is a pituitary hormone that induces ovulation?

Calcitriol

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the kidneys in response to the presence of PTH?

oxytocin (OXT)

Which of the following hormones stimulates smooth muscle contractions in the uterine wall during labor and delivery?

Carbohydrate derivatives

Which of the following is not a major group of hormones?

Increased calcium concentration in body fluids (blood)

Which of the following phenomena is a hormonal effect of PTH?

ACTH

Which of the following stimulates the release of steroid hormones by the adrenal cortex?

Hypothalamus

Which of the following structures acts as an endocrine organ by synthesizing ADH and oxytocin?

Adrenal medulla

Which of the following structures produces epinephrine and norepinephrine?

Phosphodiesterase (or PDE)

Which of the following substances inactivates cyclic AMP?

receptor

A target cell's sensitivity to a given hormone results from the presence or absence of a specific ___________.

a G protein enzyme

Communication between hormones and cells sometimes uses both first and second messengers. The link between a first messenger and a second messenger is usually ___________.

calcitonin

Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to decreased levels of calcium ions in the blood.

thyroxine (T4)

Iodine is extremely important in the formation of what hormone?

hypothalamus; anterior

Regulatory hormones produced by the _________ control the activities of the _________ pituitary.

Erythropoietin

__________ is released by the kidney in response to low oxygen levels in the kidney.