Ch. 11: Healthy Eating for Healthy Babies
A pregnant woman tells the nurse she enjoys eating many different types of fish. She is currently 6 weeks pregnant and asks the nurse what is recommended to reduce the risk of methyl mercury poisoning during her pregnancy and while she is breastfeeding. Which of the following statements by the nurse are CORRECT? Select all that apply.
"8 to 12 ounces of shrimp, salmon, pollock, and catfish per week are safe during pregnancy and lactation." "Check with the local authorities for advisories about the safety of fish from local waters." "Fish and seafood are healthful sources of essential fatty acids."
The nurse is caring for a new mother immediately after delivery. The mother wants to know the benefits of breastfeeding. Which of the following statements by the nurse are CORRECT? Select all that apply.
"Breastfeeding promotes optimal bonding between you and your infant." "Breastfeeding will help to stimulate uterine contractions and decrease postpartum bleeding." "Breastfeeding will help your uterus to return to a prepregnant size." "Breastfeeding improves bone density and reduces risk for hip fracture."
A pregnant woman in her first trimester is experiencing heartburn, a common complaint during pregnancy. What recommendations can the nurse give to decrease heartburn during pregnancy? Select all that apply.
"Eat small, frequent meals." "Avoid bending over after eating." "Avoid coffee and high-fat foods."
The nurse reviews the caloric intake requirement for a client with a prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) 21 of in the 20th week of gestation. Which client statement indicates that teaching has been effective?
"I should add 400 calories per day to my diet."
A pregnant woman has phenylketonuria (PKU). The nurse knows that further teaching is needed when the woman makes which statement?
"I should consume a normal diet during pregnancy."
A woman who is 32 weeks pregnant was diagnosed with gestational diabetes one week ago. The nurse knows that teaching has been effective when the woman states which of the following?
"I should exercise if there are no medical or obstetrical complications."
A woman who is 10 weeks pregnant is experiencing nausea and vomiting. The nurse knows that further teaching is needed if the woman makes which of the following statements?
"I should increase my fiber intake, especially whole-grain breads and cereals."
The nurse is seeing a client who has lost 5 lbs in the second trimester of her pregnancy. Which statement by the pregnant woman indicates that she may be experiencing pica?
"I want to eat only ice."
A mother who just delivered her baby is positive for HIV. The mother asks the nurse if she can breastfeed her infant. Which of the following is the best response by the nurse?
"No, you should not breastfeed because you are positive for HIV."
A pregnant woman is in the first trimester of her first pregnancy. The nurse knows that this woman needs more teaching when she states the following?
"With careful food selections during pregnancy, I will be able to consume enough iron in my diet to avoid the possibility of having iron-deficiency anemia."
The nurse is seeing a client whether she should stop drinking alcohol because she is trying to get pregnant. Which of the following responses by the nurse is CORRECT?
"You should completely avoid alcohol before and during pregnancy."
Which of the following statements express the basic principles of healthy eating before, during, and after pregnancy? Select all that apply.
Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables. Eat whole-grain bread and cereals. Eat lean protein foods.
The nurse reviews dietary choices made by a client in the 16th week of gestation. Which selection indicates that the client is adhering to the MyPlate dietary recommendations for pregnancy?
1 cup of skim milk for breakfast, lunch and dinner
Women with a BMI of 22 should be evaluated for eating disorders and distorted body image. This statement is:
false.
Gestational hypertension is defined as a systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to _____ mmHg or a diastolic reading greater than or equal to 90 mmHg with onset after 20 weeks of gestation and without proteinuria. Enter the correct number ONLY.
140
All women with a body mass index (BMI) of ______ or lower should be counseled about the risks of unhealthy weight to maternal health and future pregnancies. Enter number to the nearest 1/10th. Enter the correct number ONLY.
18.5
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that breastfeeding should continue up to the age of at least _________ years. Enter the correct number ONLY.
2
Most pregnant women need a total of ________ to 2900 cal/day. Enter the correct number ONLY.
2200
The nurse is seeing a pregnant client who has a BMI of 27. This nurse should encourage this client to limit weight gain to ______ pounds in her pregnancy. Enter the correct number ONLY.
25
The nurse is discussing weight gain with a group of pregnant women in a prenatal clinic. One of the women in the group has been measured with a body mass index (BMI) of 17.5. The nurse knows this client should gain how much weight during her pregnancy?
28 to 40 pounds
The nurse is providing education to a group of clients who plan to breastfeed after the birth of their infants.In the educational session, the nurse should include which of the following points about breastfeeding which are true? Select all that apply.
Check with the healthcare provider before consuming herbal tea Follow pregnancy guidelines for seafood consumption
Women of normal prepregnancy weight (BMI 18.5 to 24.9) are encouraged to gain 25 to _________pounds in pregnancy. Enter the correct number ONLY.
30
Women with a BMI of ≥ _________ are considered obese. Enter the correct number ONLY.
30
Women ________ years or older are associated with high-risk pregnancy. Enter the correct number ONLY.
35
An extra _____ calories per day for the second 6 months are recommended for women who exclusively breastfeed. Enter the correct number ONLY.
400
The recommended dosage of folate for nonpregnant women is _____ ug.
400
Approximately what percent of women with gestational hypertension diagnosed before 30 weeks of gestation develop preeclampsia? Enter the correct number ONLY.
50
Women use approximately _____ calories above their normal total daily calorie needs to produce breast milk. Enter the correct number ONLY.
500
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that infants be exclusively breastfed for the first ______ months of life. Enter the correct number ONLY.
6
A pregnant woman in the second trimester of her fourth pregnancy is wondering what foods she should eat to increase her intake of iron. Which of the following menus should the nurse recommend?
6 oz. chicken, 1/2 cup of lima beans, one baked potato with skin on
The recommended dosage of folate for pregnant women is _____ ug. Enter the correct number ONLY.
600
The recommended amount of folic acid to be consumed every day by all pregnant women is how much?
600 ug.
The nurse evaluates the weight gain of a client in the 26th week of gestation who had a prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) of 27.5. Which weight gain thus far in the pregnancy indicates that teaching has been effective?
9.0 lbs.
The nurse is seeing a client in her first trimester of pregnancy. The client asks at what rate and how much weight she should gain. The nurse should inform the client that the amount of weight she needs to gain is based on which pre-pregnancy factor?
BMI
The nurse ia seeing a pregnant woman who has phenylketonuria (PKU). The client should be taught which of the following?
Foods high in phenylalanine are meat, fish, poultry, and dairy products.
Food-borne risks are more dangerous during pregnancy. Which of the following statements about listeriosis and pregnancy is CORRECT?
Listeriosis during pregnancy can lead to miscarriage, stillbirth, premature delivery, or neonatal infection.
Which of the following statements about preeclampsia are CORRECT? Select all that apply.
Preeclampsia is 2 times more common in overweight women. Preeclampsia is 3 times more common in obese women. Symptomatology of preeclampsia includes gestational hypertension and proteinuria.
A postpartum client who is breastfeeding desires to return to the prepregnancy weight as quickly as possible. What dietary intake should the nurse recommend to this client?
Restrict daily caloric intake to 1400 calories per day
The nurse suspects that a client in the 10th week of gestation would benefit from a nutritional supplement. Which information in the client's prenatal history did the nurse use to make this clinical determination?
Smokes 5 cigarettes a day
A client in the 8th week of gestation is experiencing nausea and vomiting every morning and throughout the day. What should the nurse suggest to help with this client's nutritional status?
Snack on dry crackers and hard candy throughout the day
The nurse is seeing a client with gestational diabetes mellitus. Which of the following information should the nurse consider when planning long term care for this client?
The client is at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
The nurse is seeing a client who has been diagnosed with gestational diabetes. The nurse should share which of the following information with this client?
The risk of birth trauma is increased
A healthy 22-year-old pregnant woman who is having a low-risk pregnancy is currently in her first trimester should be encouraged to do which of the following?
engage in safe exercise, paying attention to fall risk.
According to Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs), pregnant women need to begin adding at least 250 calories during the first trimester. This statement is:
false.
Women who are pregnant with twins should gain two times the amount of weight recommended for single-birth women. This statement is:
false.
The nurse is seeing a client who is not taking birth control and is considering pregnancy. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse make for this client?
consume 400 micrograms (ug) per day of folic acid.
A breastfeeding mother who lives in Florida and runs two miles every morning asks how much fluid is needed while she is breastfeeding. Which of the following is the nurse's best response?
drink a glass of fluid every time the baby nurses and a glass of fluid with each meal.
The nurse is seeing a [pregnant client who reports having constipation. The nurse should recommend which of the following interventions?
drinking at least eight 8-oz glasses of liquid daily
The nurse is seeing a pregnant client who asks what foods to eat to increase intake of folic acid. Which are the following are sources of folic acid? Select all that apply.
fortified breakfast cereals. white bread and rolls made with enriched flour multivitamins
Excessive weight gain during pregnancy increases the risk for which of the following? Select all that apply.
gestational diabetes cesarean delivery complications during delivery
The nurse is providing education regarding the advantages of breastfeeding to a pregnant client. What advantages would the nurse mention that benefit both the mother and the infant rather than just one or the other? Select all that apply.
increases bonding reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes
Nutritional requirements for which of the following increase from 18 mg for nonpregnant women to 27 mg during pregnancy?
iron
The nurse is seeing a preganant client who states she drinks approx. 24 ounces of coffee per day. The nurse should explain to the client that a high intake of caffeine during pregnancy is associated with which of the following?
low-birth-weight newborns.
An expectant mother, pregnant with her third baby, is due in 6 weeks. She does not like milk or ready-to-eat cereals. She often leaves for her office job before the sun comes up and does not get home until after dark. The nurse knows that this pregnant woman needs vitamin D supplements for which of the following reasons?
reduce the risk of abnormal neonatal bone metabolism.
The nurse should provide a list including which of the following types of fish that should not be eaten by women who are pregnant or breastfeeding? Select all that apply.
tilefish shark king mackerel
Herbal supplements are technically unapproved drugs and should not be consumed during pregnancy and lactation. This statement is:
true
Nonnutritive sweeteners, consumed at levels within the U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidelines, are believed to be safe for all pregnant women unless the woman has phenylketonuria. This statement is:
true.
Weight gain during pregnancy has been shown to independently predict long-term weight gain and obesity. This statement is:
true.
A woman who smokes is ____ as likely to deliver a low-birth-weight baby.
twice