Ch. 11 Muscular System: Axial and Appendicular Muscles
From lateral to media, indicate the order of the following erector spinae muscles of the vertebral column
1) illiocostalis group 2) longissmus group 3) spinalis group
Match the movement of the hip joint with the muscles responsible for that action
abduction - gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia adduction - adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, gracilis, pectineus extension - gluteus maximus, hamstring region of adductor magnus, long head of the biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus
which are the muscles that abduct the toes
abductor digiti minimi dorsal interossei abductor hallucis
abductor digiti minimi
abducts little finger B
abductor pollicis brevis
abducts thumb
Which nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid muscle
accessory nerve
identify the lateral attachments of the trapezius
acromium process of scapula lateral third of clavicle spine of scapula
compartments in the forearm contain muscles with similar
actions at the wrist joints origins
when the gracilis contracts, the thigh is
adducted flexed
Identify the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the infraspinatus and teres minor
adduction of the arm lateral rotation of the arm
Identify the actions provided by contraction of the triceps brachii
adduction of the humerus extension of the forearm adduction of the humerus
which are muscles that adduct the toes
adductor hallucis plantar interossei
match each muscle of the medial thigh compartment with its proximal and distal attachment
adductor longus: P, pubis near pubic symphysis. D, Linea aspera of femur adductor brevis: P, inferior ramus and body of pubis. D, upper third of linea aspera of femur gracilis: P, inferior ramus and body of pubis. D, upper medial surface of tibia adductor magnus, hamstring part: P, inferior ramus of pubis and ischial tuberosity. D, linea aspera of femur
when the pectineus contracts, the thigh is
adducts thigh; flexes thigh
when the triceps brachii
agonist
match the type of primary action to its best description
agonist - prime mover antagonist - opposes agonist synergist - assists the agonist
the pectoralis minor is one of the _____ thoracic muscles that moves the pectoral girdle
anterior
which of the following correctly pairs fivers of the deltoid with their function?
anterior fibers - flex and medially rotate arm posterior fibers - extend and laterally rotate arm lateral fibers - abduct the arm
the serratus anterior superiorly attaches ___
anterior length of the medial border of the scapula.
Anatomically, muscles that move the pectoral girdle are classified as
anterior or posterior thoracic
which are the muscles that flex and/or supinate the arm at the elbow
biceps brachii brachialis brachioradialis supinator
which muscles flex the forearm
biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis
match each forearm muscle of the superficial layer of the posterior compartment with its actions
extensor carpi radialis brevis - extends wrist and abducts hand extensor digitorum - extends the wrist, 2nd-5th metacarpophalangeal joints, proximal interphalangeal joints, and distal interphalangeal joints extensor digiti minimi - extends the wrist, metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints of finger 5
The posterior compartment of the forearm contains muscle that ___ the wrist , the metacarpohalangeal, and interphalangeal joints ??
extend
In very general terms, the posterior forearm muscles of the superficial layer______, whereas the muscles of the deep layer_____ Extend the wrist; extend fingers 1 and 2 The tendons of forearm
extend the wrist extend fingers 1 and 2
bilateral contraction of the splenius capitis, splenius cervicis, semispinalis capitis, and longissimus capitis causes
extension of the neck
Contraction of gluteal muscle results in?
extension of the thigh
bilateral contraction of the quadratus lumborum muscles causes
extension of the vertebral column
Functions of Erector Spinae Muscles
extension of vertebral column maintenance of posture lateral flexion of vertebral column
Which of the following summarizes the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the latissimus dorsi?
extension, ADDuction, medial rotation
In general, muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh tend to ____
flex the leg at the knee joint extend the thigh at the hip joint
Bilateral contraction of the sternocleidomastoid muscle functions to
flex the neck
Muscles of the abdominal wall work together to
flex vertebral column
when the iliacus contracts, the thigh is _____
flexed
when the sartorius muscle contracts, the thigh is
flexed rotated laterally
when the adductor brevis contracts, the thigh is
flexed adducted
when the adductor fibers of the adductor magnus contract, the thigh is ______
flexed and adducted
flexor pollicis brevis
flexes thumb
Which best summarizes the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the deltoid
flexion, abduction, medial rotation, and lateral rotation
which of the following best summarizes the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur when the pectoralis major contracts?
flexion, adduction, medial rotation
which are the muscles that flex the toes
flexor digiti minimi brevis flexor hallucis longus flexor digitorum longus flexor digitorum brevis flexor hallucis brevis
Identify the single muscle of the intermediate layer in the anterior compartment of the forearm
flexor digitorum superficialis
The name of the forearm muscle found in the intermediate layer of the anterior compartment is
flexor digitorum superficialis
Match the intrinsic muscles of the hand on the left with the action(s) on the right
flexor pollicis brevis - flexes the thumb abductor pollicis brevis - abducts thumb opponens pollicis - opposition of thumb adductor pollicis - adducts thumb
Match each stage of pitching a ball from the first column to the rotator cuff muscle in the second column that participates in each stage
follow through; slow the arm after the pitch is thrown- infraspinatus, teres minor 2. delivery of pitch- supraspinatus 3. wind uo- subscapularis
many parallel muscles are cylindrical with an expanded central region called a
gaster or body
match each muscle in the posterior compartment of the leg with its functions
gastrocnemius - flexes the leg and plantar flexes foot soleus - plantar flexes the foot plantaris - weakly flexes the leg and plantar flexes foot tibialis posterior - plantar flexes and inverts foot
The muscle indicated by the black arrow in the picture is the ____ (mouth)
genioglossus (behind chin)
muscles that move the tongue
genioglossus, styloglossus, hyoglossus, palatoglossus
Common intramuscular injection sites
gluteal region
match the muscles of the gluteal group and posterior thigh (hamstring) compartment with its proximal and distal attachments
gluteus maximus - P iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx; D illiotibial tract of fascia latae, linea aspera and gluteal tuberosity of femur biceps femoris long head - P ischial tuberosity; D head of fibula biceps femoris short head - P linea aspera of femur; D head of fibula semitendonosis - P ischial tuberostiy; D proximal medial surface of tibia
Muscle of the thigh's medial compartment
gracilis
a muscle of the thigh's medial compartment is the
gracilis
which of the following does not increase the risk of developing a rotator cuff injury
increased blood flow
muscles of the anterior neck that are inferior to the hyoid bone are called _____ muscles.
infahyoid
identify the proximal attachments of the teres major
inferior angle of the scapula inferior lateral border of the scapula
identify the action common to the following muscles: flexor digitorum profundus, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor pollicis longus, flexor pollicis brevis, and flexor digiti minimi
interphalangeal joint flexion
a transverse line drawn between the ___ partitions of the perineum into an anterior urogenital triangle and a posterior anal triangle
ischial tuberosities
which statements correctly describe the digastric muscle
it has 2 bellies, it attaches to the mastoid portion of the temporal bone, it depresses the mandible, and it attaches to the hyoid bone.
attachment sites of the sternocleidomastoid muscle include
manubrium of sternum and medial portion of clavicle and the mastoid process
Which muscle elevates and protracts the mandibles during mastication
masseter
Which muscle elevates and protracts the mandible during mastication
masseter muscle
Which of the following are considered muscles of mastication
masseter muscle lateral pterygoid muscle temporalis muscle medial pterygoid muscle
the diamond shaped region between the lower appendages is called the
perineum
the inferior funnel shaped tube that lies behind the oral and nasal cavities is the ___
pharynx
Identify the location of the triceps brachii
posterior arm
pronator quadratus
pronates forearm
identify the muscles that pronate the forearm
pronator quadratus pronator teres
From lateral to media, the forearm muscles of the superficial layer of the anterior compartment are the ___
pronator teres,flexor carpi radialis,palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris
match each anterior forearm muscle with its action(s)
pronator teres: pronates forearm flexor carpi radialis: flexes wrist and abducts hand palmaris longus: weak wrist flexor flexor carpi ulnaris: flexes wrist and ADDucts hand flexor digitorum superficialis: flexes wrist, 2nd-5th metacarpophalangeal joints, and proximal interphalangeal joints
what are functions of the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles
protract the mandible move the mandible side to side during chewing
Contraction of the pectoralis minor
protracts the scapula, depresses the scapula
genioglossus muscle
protracts tongue
the muscle that is responsible for the wry neck associated with congenital muscular torticollis is the ___
sternocleidomastoid muscle
which extrinsic tongue muscles are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve
styloglossus hyloglossus genioglossus (all but palatoglosseus)
which muscles make up the superficial layer of the urogenital triangle
superficial transverse perineal muscle ischiocavernous muscle bulbospongiosus muscle
which muscle attaches to the posterolateral part of the eye, depresses the eye, and turns the eye laterally when it contracts
superior oblique muscle
which muscle attaches to the anterosuperior part of the sclera and pulls the eye superiorly when it contracts
superior rectus muscle
the serratus anterior
superiorly rotates the scapula stabilizes the scapula
in addition to its role in the compartmentalization of the thigh the fasciae latae
supports and binds the thigh muscles
the ___muscles of the anterior neck are associated with the floor of the mouth
suprahyoid
identify the muscles that abduct the arm at the glenohumeral joint
supraspinatus deltoid
the rotator cuff muscles are
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
With regard to extension of the arm, the latissimus dorsi is a(n) agonist; with regard to adducting and medially rotating the arm, the muscles in a(n) _____
syngerist
Which muscle elevates and retracts the mandibles during mastication
temporalis muscle
The muscle indicated by the black arrow in the picture is the ___ (skull muscle)
temporlis (above ear, circular muscle)
which muscle of the pharynx is innervated by the trigeminal nerve
tensor veli palatini muscle
label the major muscles of the anterior neck
A myohyoid B omohyoid C thyrohyoid D sternothyroid
match the muscle of the pharynx to its function
Levator veli palatini- elevates soft palate when swallowing pharyngeal constrictors- force bolus into esophagus Palatopharyngeus muscle- elevates pharynx and larynx Tensor veli palatini- Tenses soft palate and opens auditory tubes when swallowing or yawning
In the figure, the semimembranosus is indicated by the letter
M (left outermost region from the side)
levator veli palatini
Muscle that prevents food from going into nose
In the figure, the tensor fasciae latae is indicated by the letter ____
O
in the figure, the sartorius is indicated by the letter
P (topmost muscle above rectus femoris)
Match the letter on the left with the figure on the right that shows the muscle that is contracting
Picture one frown - Depressor Anguli Oris Picture pouted lip - orbicularis oris Picture raised eyebrows 0 occipitofrontalis
In the figure, the rectus femoris is indicated by the letter
Q
Match the letters in the figure to the muscle of the deep gluteal region each indicates
R Priformis S Superior gemellus (right under piriformis) T obturator internus (right under superior gemellus) U inferior gemellus (under obturator internus) Y quadratus femorus (under inferior gemellus)
What are the four muscles of the quadriceps group?
Rectus femoris. Vastus lateralis. Vastus medialis. Vastus intermedius
Which are the muscles of the posterior thigh, commonly referred to collectively as the "hamstrings?"
Semimembranosus biceps femoris semitendinosus
List the pharyngeal constrictors from the innermost (deepest) to outermost (most superficial)
Superior constrictor middle constrictor inferior constrictor
Why is the forearm larger near the elbow than it is near the wrist?
The bellies of the forearm muscles that move the wrist are located near the elbow; the tendons of these muscles extend toward the wrist.
in general, the infrahyoid muscles function to ___
depress the hyoid bone
internal intercostals
depresses ribs during forced exhalation
Match the muscle to its characteristic facial expression
depressor anguli oris - frowning orbicularis oculi - blinking zygomaticus major - smiling orbicularis oris - kissing fronal belly of occipitofrontalis - raising eyebrows platysma - tensing of skin of neck
The dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity is the
diaphragm
which muscle acts to elevate the hyoid bone and depress the mandible
digastric
when an appendicular muscle is contracting, the less moveable muscle attachment is usually the ___ attachment
distal
styloglossus muscle
draws tongue back and up
The functions of the mylohyoid and stylohyoid muscles are to
elevate the hyoid
Stylopharyngeus
elevates and opens pharynx
Contraction of external intercostal muscles
elevates the anterior portion of the ribs. This increases the volume of the thoracic cavity by increasing its AP (anteroposterior) diameter.
which of the following are functions of the scalene muscles
elevation of the first and second rib flexion of the neck
The muscles of the thenar and hypothenar group form fleshy masses, each called _____ a term given to a cirsumscribed area raised above the general level of the surrounding surface.
eminence
the broad tendon between the frontalis and occipitalis muscles is called the ___ aponeurosis
epicranial
What is the action of the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg? (Foot, Ankle)
eversion of the foot plantar flexion of the foot
A circular muscle is also called
sphincter
muscles of the abdominal wall are innervated by
spinal nerves
muscles that move the vertebral column are innervated by
spinal nerves
which group of erector spinae muscles attach the spinous processes of vertebrae
spinalis group
Muscle indicated by A in the picture
splenius capitis muscle (thick back from left to midline)
The muscle indicated by the letter A in the picture is the ___ (neck muscles)
splenius capitus muscle
The main muscles of the anterolateral neck are the _____ muscle and the three scalene muscles sternocleido mastoid muscle
sternocleido mastoid muscle
palatoglossus muscle
(muscular structure of anterior faucial pillar) - elevates back of tongue and depresses soft palate
Which of the following best describes the location of the latissimus dorsi?
- posterior of body, inferior part of the back
Identify the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the deltoid
-Abduction of the arm -Lateral rotation of the arm -Flexion of the arm -Extension of the arm -Medial rotation of the arm
Contraction of the lateral muscle of the thigh results in ___
-Abduction of the thigh -Medial rotation of the thigh
which of the following are muscles that move the glenohumeral joint that originate on the scapula
-Biceps brachii -Teres major -Coracobrachialis -Triceps brachii -Deltoid
Identify the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the triceps brachii (long head)
-Extension of the arm -Adduction of the arm
Which correctly describes the actions of the biceps femoris?
-Flexes leg -Laterally rotates leg
Which of the following best describes the location of the trapezius?
-It is a posterior thoracic muscle -It is superficial to other posterior thoracic muscles that move the pectoral girdle
Muscles that move the pectoral girdle
-Rotate the scapula inferiorly or superiorly -Elevate or depress the scapula -Protract or retract the scapula
Which of the following correctly describes the location of the rhomboids, both minor and major?
-They are posterior thoracic muscles -They are deep to the trapezius -They are inferior to the levator scapulae
Which of the following is/are functions of the intrinsic muscles of the foot?
-abduct and adduct the toes -support the arches -flex and extend the toes
when the gluteus Maximus contracts, the thigh is ______.
-extended -rotated laterally
he subclavius inferiorly attaches on the ___ rib and superiorly attaches on the
1st rib clavicle
Supinator in the figure (forearm)
A
Flexor Digiti Minimi
A (more inward/parallel to abductor digiti minimi)
The fibularis brevis is indicated by letter ___ and the fibularis longus is indicated by letter ___
A (under bigger middle muscle) B( bigger middle muscle)
Match each letter in the figure (on the left) with the muscles of the arm on the right
A - Biceps Brachii, long head (upper arm, right) B - Brachialis (arm ditch) C - Bachioradialis ( top of forearm parallel to arm ditch) D - Pectoralis major (boob) E - Coracobrachialis (armpit)
Using the figure, match the letter on the left with the posterior leg muscle on the right
A - Plantaris B - Tibialis posterior C - Gastrocnemius D - Flexor Digitorum Longus E - Flexor Hallucis Longus
Match the letter in the figure with the muscle it identifies (forearm)
A - brachioradialis (large left from around elbow to top of forearm) B - Pronator teres (thin topmost right muscle) C - flexor carpi ulnaris ( right under parlmaris longus) D- palmaris longus (right under flexor carpi radialis) E - Flexor carpi radialis (Right under pronator teres)
identify the muscles indicated in the inferior views of the male and female superficial pelvic floor muscles
A - bulbospongopsus B - ischiocavernosus C - levator Ani
Using the figure, match the letter on the left with the muscle on the right (shin muscles)
A - fibularis longus (left upper outer) B - Extensor digitorum longus (lower left middle) C - Gastrocnemius (upper right outer) D - fibularis brevis ( lower left outer)
Using the figure, match the letter on the left with the muscle on the right (butt/thigh)
A - gluteus maximus (butt cheek) B - Illiotibial tract (right most) C - Gracilis (thin, left most) D - Adductor Magnus (upper, to the right of gracilis)
Match each letter in the figure with the intrinsic foot muscle it indicates
A - lumbricals B - Quadratus plantae C - Adductor hallucis D - Flexor hallucis brevis E - Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Identify the extrinsic eye muscles specified in the image of the right eye, lateral view
A - superior rectus B - inferior oblique
label the muscles of mastication indicated in the image, superficial and deep lateral views
A - temporalis B - masseter C - lateral pterygoid
Using the figure, match the letter on the left with the muscle on the right (A-D)
A Fibularis longus (upper right) B Extensor digitorum longus (middle) C Gastrocnemius ( upper left) D Fibularis Brevis (lower right)
Match each letter in the figure to the corresponding forearm muscles
A Flexor digitorum superficialis (left most on left) B Supinator (top left and little nub in the middle) C Flexor Digitorum Profundus (top right muscle) D Flexor Pollicis Longus (left muscle next to flexor digitorum profundus) E - Pronator Quadratus (little hunk of meat on wrist)
Major muscles that move the head and neck anterolateral view
A levator scapulae B sternocleidomastoid C scalenes
Match the letters in the figure with the posterior thoracic muscle that moves the pectoral girdle
A) Trapezius (large left) B) Levator Scapula (uppermost right) C) Rhomboid Minor (right under levator scapula) D) Rhomboid Major (right under rhomboid minor)
Identify the muscles of respiration, which depress the ribss during forced exhalation (A) and elevate the ribs during inhalation (B), in the image of a cadaver, anterolateral view.
A) internal intercostals (higher) B) External intercostals (lower_
Identify the actions provided by contraction of the biceps brachii
A. Flexion of the humerus B. Supination of the forearm C. Flexion of the forearm
In general, muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh tend to
ADDuct the thigh at the hip joint flex the leg at the knee joint
Which of the following best describes the location of the pectoralis major?
Anterior of body, covers superior portion of thorax.
Which of the following identifies the compartments of the thigh
Anterior, posterior, lateral, medial
identify the location of the brachioradialis
Anterolateral forearm
Identify the letter corresponding to the pronator teres in the figure
B
In the figure, the semitendinosus is indicated by the letter
B (left)
In the figure, the psoas major is indicated by the letter
B (longer muscle on the left from spine to hip)
platysma muscle
Broad muscle extending from the chest and shoulder muscles to the side of the chin; responsible for lowering the lower jaw and lip.
In the figure, the supinator is indicated by the letter C and the extensor indicis is indicated by the letter B
C B
in the figure, the adductor pollicis is indicated by the letter ___ and the palmar interossei are indicated by the letter ___
C (between thumb and pointer finger) D (around knuckles)
The muscle indicated by the letter ___ is the teres major
E
Using the figure, match the letter on the left with the muscle on the right
E - Adductor longus F - Gracilis G - Rectus femoris H - Sartorius
Which of the following best summarizes the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the teres major
Extension, adduction, and medial rotation
match the muscles of respiration to its corresponding description
External intercostals- 11 pairs of oblique fibers between the ribs; project anteoinferiorly Diaphragm- broad muscle; separates thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities Serratus posterior inferior- Thin intermediate back muscle; splits into four separate muscle segments Transversus thoracis- Inserts on costal cartilages 2-6; assisting in decreasing diameter of thoracic cavity
In the figure, adductor longus is indicated by the letter
F
which muscle plantar flexes the foot
Gastrocnemius
Which of the following are muscles of the gluteal group of the posterior thigh?
Gluteus minimus Gluteus medius Gluteus maximus
In the figure, gluteus medius is indicated by the letter
I
The serratus anterior differs from the subclavius and pectoralis minor in that
It inferiorly attaches to the anterior of the thorax, but it superiorly attaches to the posterior of the thorax
Label the indicated extrinsic eye muscles of the right eye, medial view
Item A - superior oblique Item B - medial rectus
In the figure, the long head of the biceps femoris is indicated by the letter
L
the prime mover of the extension of the arm is the ___
LATISSIMUS DORSI
The classification of the muscles of mastication refers to four main muscles including the masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid.
The classification of the muscles of mastication refers to four main muscles including the masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid.
digastric muscle
This muscle depresses the mandible. When one opens their mouth they are depressing the mandible.
match the muscle of the abdominal wall to its attachment
Transversus abdominis- originates from the ilac crest, the cartilages of the inferior 6 ribs, the lumbar fascia, and the inguinal ligament. Rectus abdominis- origniates from the superior surface of the pubis near the symphysis External oblique- inserts on linea alba by broad aponeurosis and some to the iliac crest. Internal oblique- inserts on the linea alba, pubic crest, inferior rib surfaces of last 4 ribs and costal cartilages of ribs 8-10
a small muscle that extends across the inner surface of the thoracic cage and attaches inferiorly on ribs 2-6 is the ___
Transversus thoracis muscle
which are muscles that extend and/or pronate the arm at the elbow
Triceps brachii aconeus pronator teres pronator quadratus
which cranial nerves innervate the extrinsic eye muscles
VI IV III
Quadtratus Lumborum
Which muscle is not related to the anterior abdominal wall (around kidneys)
In the figure the gluteus minimus is indicated by the letter
X
Match the letter on the left with the figure on the right that shows the muscle that is contracting (facial expression)
X - Zygomatic Major (smile) Y - Platysma ( sucked up neck/frown) Z - Orbicularis Oculi (winking/blinking/eyes closed)
match the anterior muscles of the arm with their points of proximal and distal attachment
biceps brachii, long head: P, supraglenoid tubercle of scapula. D, radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis brachialis: P, distal anterior surface of humerus. D, tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna brachioradialis: P, lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus. D, styloid process of radius biceps brachii, short head: P, coracoid process of scapula. D, radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis
Identify the proximal attachments of the pectoralis major
body of sternum medial clavicle costal cartilages of ribs 2 - 6
identify the proximal attachments of the pectoralis major
body of sternum medial clavicle costal cartilages of ribs 2-6
the inferior attachments of the muscles that move the head and neck are the ___
bones of the vertebral column
which muscle compresses the cheek against the teeth, as in chewing, when it contracts?
buccinator
Match the muscle of the urogenital triangle to its corresponding origin, insertion, and/or action(s)
bulb- stiffens clitioris or penis superfial transervers- support pelvic organ deep transervers- inserts on the median raphe of the urogential diaphragm ischiocavernosus- inserts on pubic symphysis
Match the muscle of the urogenital triangle to its corresponding origin, insertion, and/or actions
bulbospongiosis muscle - stiffens clitoris or penis superficial transverse perineal muscle - supports pelvic organs; originates from the ramus of the ischium deep transverse perineal muscle - inserts on the median raphe of the urogenital diaphragm ischocavernosus - inserts on pubic symphysis; assists in the erection of the clitoris or penis
Match the pattern of fascicle arrangement on the left with its best description on the right
circular - concentrically arranged fibers around an opening parallel - often associated with cylindrical muscles with a central body tendon convergent - have widespread muscle fibers over a broad area that meet on a common attachment site pennate - these fascicles are arranged at an oblique angle to the tendon
bony landmarks of the perineum
coccyx pubic symphysis ischial tuberosities
which type of muscle has widespread muscle fibers over a broad area that collect themselves onto a common attachment site
convergent muscles
identify the muscles that adduct the arm at the glenohumeral joint
coracobrachialis infraspinatus teres major and teres minor latissimus dorsi pectoralis major
the name of the Coracobrachialis indicates that it extends from its proximal attachment, the ----- ------ of the scapula, to its distal attachment
coracoid process
muscles of respiration are
covered by more superficial muscles that move the upper limb
During exhalation, muscles of respiration
decrease the space of thoracic cavity
muscles of the deep layer of the urogenital triangle include
deep transverse perineal muscle external urethral sphincter muscle
Identify the muscles that laterally rotate the arm at the glenohumeral joint
deltoid infraspinatus teres minor
identify the muscles that extend the arm at the glenohumeral joint
deltoid teres major latissimus dorsi triceps brachii
place the posterior forearm muscles in the superficial layer in order from lateral to medial; remember you must recall the position of the arm in the anatomical position in order to get the order of the muscles correct
extensor carpi radialis longus 2. ectensor carpi radialis brevis 3. extensor digitorum 4. ectensor digiti minmi 5. extensor carpi ulnaris
Intrinsic foot muscles of the dorsal group
extensor digitorum brevis extensor hallucis brevis
which are the muscles that extend the toes
extensor digitorum longus extensor digitorum brevis extensor hallucis brevis extensor hallucis longus
match each muscle of the anterior and lateral compartments of the leg with its functions
extensor digitorum longus- extends toes 2-5 and dorsiflexes the foot fibularis tertius- dorisflexes and weakly everts the foot tibialls anterior- inverts and dorsiflexes the foot fubularis longus- events the foot and is a weak plantar flexor
the dorsal group of intrinsic foot muscles contain
extensor hallucis brevis
match the intrinsic foot muscles with its function
extensor hallucis brevis - extends metacarpophilageal joint of great toe abductor hallucis - abducts the great toe adductor hallucis - adducts the great toe flexor hallucis brevis - flexes metacarpophilageal joint of great toe
Name the forearm muscles in the deep layer of the posterior compartment
extensor pollicis brevis extensor indicis supinator abductor pollicis longus extensor pollicis longus
Match each muscle of the deep layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm with its actions
extensor pollicis brevis - extends metacarpophalangeal joints of the thumb and (weakly) extends the wrist extensor indicis - extends metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, and distal interphalangeal joints of finger 2, and (weakly) extends wrist supinator - supinates forearm extensor pollicis longus- extends the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of the thumb and (weakly) extends the wrist abductor pollicis longus - abducts the thumb and (weakly) extends the wrist
which muscle of the anal triangle originates from the perineal body
external anal sphincter
Urogenital triangle contains
external genitalia and urethra
Match the muscle of the abdominal wall to its attachment
external oblique - inferiorly attaches on linea alba by a broad aponeurosis and some to the iliac crest Internal oblique - inferiorly attaches on the linea alba, pubic crest, inferior rib surfaces of last 4 ribs, and costal cartilages of ribs 8 - 10 Transversus abdominis - superiorly atttaches on the iliac crest, the cartilages of the inferior 6 ribs, the lumbar fascia, and the inguinal ligament rectus abdominis - superiorly attaches on the superior surface of the pubis near the symphysis
The muscles indicated by the blue arrow in the picture is the ___
external oblique muscles
which muscles protract, retract, and elevate the tongue
extrinsic tongue muscles
which are crural muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg
fibularis brevis fibularis longus
Which muscle everts the foot?
fibularis longus
identify the action common to the following muscles: dorsal interossei, abductor pollicis longus, abductor pollicis brevis, and abductor digiti minimi
finger abduction
identify the action common to the palmar interossei and adductor pollicis
finger adduction
the subclavius inferiorly attached on the ____ rib and superiorly attached on the ____
first rib clavicle
what happens to the scapula when the levator scapulae contracts
it is rotated, inferiorly it is elevated
which of the following compartments contains one or more muscles that move the hip joint but not the knee joint
lateral
unilateral contraction of the quadratus lumborum muscle causes ___
lateral flexion of the vertebral column
The muscle indicated by the black arrow in the picture is the ___
lateral rectus
In addition to extending the thigh, the biceps femoris rotates the thigh _________, whereas the semibranosus and semitendinosus rotate the thigh _______
laterally medially
The prime mover of the extension of the arm is the ___
latissimus dorsi
Sternocleidomastoid muscle
left most band parallel to splenius
identify the distal attachments of the teres major
lesser tubercle of humerus intertubercular groove of humerus
the largest and most important collection of muscles in the pelvic floor is the
levator ani muscle
which muscles inferiorly rotate the scapula
levator scapulae and rhomboids (major and minor)
the muscle indicated by the black arrow in this posterior view of the neck
longissimus capitis muscle
internal intercostal muscles
lowers the rib cage during forced expiration
the rhomboid minor laterally attaches on the ____, whereas the rhomboid major laterally attaches on the ____
medial border of the scapula superior to the spine; medial border of the scapula from the spine to the inferior angle.
which muscle attaches to the anteromedial surface of the eye and pulls the eye medially
medial rectus muscle
whcih of the following are considered extrinsic eye muscles
medial rectus muscle inferior rectus muscle superior oblique muscle
superior attachment of pectoralis minor
medial superior surface of coracoid process
Contraction of the subscapularis _____ the arm, and contraction of the supraspinatus _____ the arm
medially rotates, abducts
medial pterygoid muscle
muscle origin- sphenoid bone insertion- angle of mandible, medial surface action- elevates mandible forms sling with masseter; synergist with masseter
Which category is utilized in the naming of the extensor radialis longus muscle
muscle action (extensor)
Sternocleidomastoid muscle get its name from which category for naming muscles
muscle attachments
What are some terms used in naming muscles according to orientation of fascicles?
oblique rectus
the major neck muscle called ___ ____ ____ is indicated by item A in the image of a cadaver, posterior view
obliquus capitis inferior
What is the superior attachment for the muscles that move the head and neck?
on the bones of the cranium
the mnemonic PAD-DAB may help you remember the functions of two of the midpalmar ground of intrinsic hand muscles.________ interossel ________ the fingers, while _______ interossel _________ the fingers.
palmar/adduct dorsal/abduct
Which four of the following characterize the different patterns of fascicle arrangement
parallel pennate convergent circular
Which are muscles of the medial thigh compartment
pectineus obturator externus gracilis adductor longus adductor brevis adductor magnus
which of the following is an example of a convergent muscle?
pectoralis major
the __ depresses the scapula
pectoralis minor
match each muscle of the anterior and lateral thigh compartments with its corresponding proximal and distal attachment
psoas major: P, transverse processes and bodies of vertebrae T12 - L5. D, lesser trochanter iliacus: P, iliac fossa. D, lesser trochanter of femur Sartorius: P, anterior superior iliac spine. D, tibial tuberosity, medial side Tensor fasciae latae: P, iliac crest and lateral surface of anterior superior iliac spine. D, iliotibial band
most muscles of the pelvic floor are innervated by
pudendal nerve 24
which muscle extends the leg
rectus femoris
the rectus abdominis muscles of the abdominal wall are enclosed within a fibrous sleeve called the ____ ____ and consist of right and left portions that are united by a vertical fibrous strip called ____
rectus sheath linea alba
at the wrist, the deep fascia of the forearm thickens and forms fibrous bands termed
retinacula
functions of the trapezius muscle include
retract scapula depress scapula elevate scapula movement of pectoral girdle extension of head and neck
Collectively, the rhomboids minor and major are oriented inferolaterally from the spinous process of c7-t5 to the medial border of the scapula. When these muscles contract, the scapula is
retracted adducted elevated rotated inferiorly
which of the following is/are points of proximal attachment of the latissimus dorsi
ribs 8-12 iliac crest spinous process t7-t12 thoracolumbar fascia
When the obturator externus contracts, the thigh is
rotated laterally
Contraction of the superficial muscles in the gluteal region results in ___
rotation of the thigh extension of the thigh abduction of the thigh
The pelvic diaphragm extends from the ossa coxae to
sacrum and coccyx
the omohyoid muscle is attached to
scapula and hyoid bone
which of the following are considered extrinsic eye muscles
see figure
triceps bracchi
see graphic
which muscles are contracted when you stand with "poor" posture
serratus anterior and pectoralis minor
which muscle elevates the ribs during inspiration
serratus posterior superior
except for the diaphragm, the muscles of respiration are innervated by ___
thoracic spinal nerves
the superficial layer of the urogenital triangle is composed of ___ muscles and the deep layer is composed of ___ muscles
three two
which muscle extends from the thyroid cartilage of the larynx to the hyoid?
thyrohyoid muscle
which muscle inverts the foot
tibialis anterior
muscles that dorsiflex the foot
tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus
Which of the following correctly describes the superior attachment of the levator scapulae
transverse process of c1-c4
deep to the erector spinae, a group of muscles collectively called the ___ muscles connect and stabilize the vertebrae
transversospinalis
The scapula is depressed by the contraction of
trapezius, pectoralis minor
Muscles that retract the scapula
trapezius, rhomboids
Which muscles superiorly rotate the scapula?
trapezius, serratus anterior
True or false: The subclavius is inferior to the clavicle
true
the tensor fasciae latae is a muscle in the lateral thigh compartment
true
unilateral contraction of the splenius capitis, splenius cervicis, semispinalis capitis, and longissimus capitis causes
turning of the head
match the type of pennate muscle on the left with an example of the muscle on the right
unipennate - extensor digitorum bipennate - rectus femoris multipennate - deltoid
identify the action common to the following muscles: flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis, and flexor digitorum profundus
wrist flexion
